National Repository of Grey Literature 207 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
One Health approach to understand emerging zoonotic pathogens in the Trichophyton benhamiae complex
Čmoková, Adéla ; Hubka, Vít (advisor) ; Buchta, Vladimír (referee) ; Gené, Josepa (referee)
The Trichophyton benhamiae complex encompasses several zoonotic pathogens that are of increasing concern to the scientific community due to their epidemic spread among pets and their owners. Of particular concern is the sudden appearance and rapid spread of T. benhamiae yellow phenotype strains in Europe. Considerable genetic and phenotypic variability has been revealed in the pathogens from the complex, yet the species limits and host spectra have not been clearly elucidated. To explore the diversity, epidemiology, and taxonomy of the T. benhamiae complex, my colleagues and I formed an international, cross-disciplinary team and applied a holistic One Health approach. We collected a large dataset of strains from several continents, along with associated data about host, clinical picture, and locality. Due to the high level of clonality in commonly used DNA sequence markers, I developed a new typing schema based on ten microsatellite markers and four DNA sequence markers. We then used a polyphasic approach combining data from independent analyses to decide on species limits in the T. benhamiae complex, including phylogenetic and population-genetic analyses, phenotypic and physiological analyses, mating-type gene characterization, ecological data and MALDI- TOF mass spectrometry analysis. Thanks to...
Kampaně na eradikaci vybraných infekčních chorob ve Vietnamu s ohledem na socio-ekonomický a politický vývoj
Ostřanská, Simona
The topic of the bachelor's thesis is the political and socio-economic development of Vietnam and its impact on the epidemiological situation. The first part of the thesis describes the key determinants of political and socio-economic development and their influence on the epidemiological and demographic trends in Vietnam. This section also provides an overview of the regional and ethnic divisions within the country. The thesis then focuses on the epidemiological transition and the period of the Đổi Mới reforms and their effects on the healthcare system. The main section is dedicated to the epidemiological situation after the reunification of Vietnam and the analysis of the efforts to eliminate tuberculosis and measles, with a detailed examination of the implemented campaigns and obstacles for the process of elimination. Based on this section, the final chapter explores the theme of social inequality and the challenges faced by ethnic minorities in Vietnamese society.
Infekční nemoci a problematika sanitace na příkladu vybraných regionů Indie
Krupicová, Vendula
The bachelor's thesis deals with infectious diseases and poor sanitation in India. Epidemiological and demographic transitions are described in the thesis, which is followed by specific cases of the disease in India and the sanitation situation. The theoretical part is divided into a general overview of theories and then into the inclusion of India in the framework of epidemiology. The third part deals with the sanitation situation in the country and compares the access to sanitation between rural and urban areas, mentions the consequences of poor sanitation and evaluates some government measures as a solution to the sanitation situation. In the fourth part, two case studies are mentioned, which will specify the situation in selected regions of India in more detail. The practical part deals with interviews with experts who have been in the state of Jharkhand, and experts who compared the situation in the Czech Republic and India. The discussion and conclusion containing a summary, fulfilment of goals and suggestions for future additions.
Demografický a epidemiologický vývoj ve středoasijských republikách bývalého SSSR po jeho rozpadu
Vymlátilová, Natálie
The bachelor's thesis deals with the analysis of demographic and epidemiological developments in the Central Asian republics of the former USSR after its collapse, focusing on the situation of the poorest countries of the region, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and the associated health challenges. During the existence of the USSR, the Central Asian republics underwent a series of reforms in the political, economic and social spheres, accompanied by a somewhat positive impact on the demographic and epidemiological situation of the region. The collapse of the Soviet regime caused a temporary disruption of the hitherto existing developments and a collapse of the demographic and epidemiological achievements made, leaving the region once again at the beginning of its struggle against diseases and the associated morbidity and mortality problems. The aim of this paper is to determine the demographic and epidemiological situation prevailing in the countries of Central Asia after the collapse of the USSR using selected indicators, and in particular to analyze the development of health policies and programs implemented by governments and health organizations in the countries of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the context of developments since the collapse of the USSR and their success.
Multiple sclerosis - clinical and paraclinical markers for monitoring disease activity and factors influencing its course
Šťastná, Dominika ; Horáková, Dana (advisor) ; Libertínová, Jana (referee) ; Taláb, Radomír (referee)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that, without treatment, leads over years to decades to severe disability in most patients. We cannot cure the disease, but there is growing evidence that early initiation of anti-inflammatory therapy and management of associated comorbidities has a major impact on its course. Patient registries have an irreplaceable contribution to evaluating factors influencing the MS course and the monitoring of therapeutic agents in real clinical practice. First, this thesis evaluated therapy management trends between 2013 and 2021 based on data from the Czech National MS Registry (ReMuS). Subsequently, the paper responds to the onset of the covid-19 pandemic through registry data and addresses this issue in the context of MS. The proportion of patients in ReMuS treated with high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (HE-DMT) increased from 16.2% to 37.1% between 2013 and 2021, and the proportion of treatment-naive patients initiating HE-DMT increased from 2.1% to 18.5%. Regarding covid-19 infection, we determined that higher body mass index, older age, recent high-dose glucocorticoid treatment, and anti-CD20 therapy were independent variables associated with pneumonia based on data from 958 MS patients with a history of covid-19. Further, we analyzed...
Simulation of Spread of Infectious Diseases in Human Population
Křištof, Jiří ; Šimek, Václav (referee) ; Strnadel, Josef (advisor)
The aim of this work is to develop an epidemiological model to simulate the spread of the infectious disease covid-19. The developed SVLIHDRS model builds on compartmental models and is implemented as a Markov chain with continuous time. For the implementation, the UPPAAL tool is used. By comparing the simulation outputs with the observed data, the Spearman coefficients are 0.8940 for infectious individuals and 0.9987 for deceased individuals, the mean bias errors are 12510.7285 and 316.2697, respectively. The results of this thesis are useful for making long-term predictions of the epidemic evolution of covid-19 infection.
Global epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus circulating in healthcare system and community
Mrázková, Pavlína ; Tkadlec, Jan (advisor) ; Balíková Novotná, Gabriela (referee)
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections occurring among patients in the healthcare setting and in the community. Much attention is focused on methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA), but methicillin-sensitive strains (MSSA) also remain the main cause of infections. The epidemiology of S. aureus, especially among MRSA strains, has shown a rapid development in recent years, characterized by the appearance of epidemic lines that dominate in certain geographical areas. Molecular typing techniques have made it possible to identify the main successful lineages of MRSA and MSSA and to track their spread and report the prevalence of certain clones in the area at the same time. To understand the evolution and spread of S. aureus, as well as to deploy effective preventive measures against the spread of this dangerous pathogen, the knowledge of the S. aureus strains epidemiology is absolutely necessary. As part of the bachelor's thesis, a recent overview of the methods used for the clonal analysis of Staphylococcus aureus will first be presented. Furthermore, a literature search will be conducted with the aim of creating an overview of the dominant strains of S. aureus and MRSA circulating in the hospitals and in the community with an emphasis on the...
Výskyt Eboly v Africe v letech 2016–2021 a vliv rizikového chování místních obyvatel na šíření původce onemocnění
Horák, Filip
Bachelor thesis provides fundamental informations about the causative agent which includes symptoms, transmission, diagnostics, treatment, prevention and impacts. Theoretic part also contains characteristics of Ebola virus epidemics since its discovery in 1976 until the end of West African epidemic in 2016. The focus of the first segment in the practical part is progress and analysis of epidemics caused by Ebola virus in years 2016–2021 in Africa. This segment also contains informations about financing and about vaccination strategy. Second segment of practical part analyzes survey realized in three african countries (Ghana, South Africa and Nigeria). Survey analyzes awarness, impacts and risky behavior of african citizens due to illnes caused by the Ebola virus.
Epidemiology, comorbidities and quality of life in patients with psoriasis
Hugo, Jan ; Gkalpakiotis, Spyridon (advisor) ; Kodet, Ondřej (referee) ; Slonková, Veronika (referee)
Psoriasis is a complex systemic disease included among the Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMID). Although not life-threatening in itself, it has a dramatic impact on patients' quality of life and is associated with a risk of developing a number of comorbidities. Therefore, considering that it is one of the most common chronic dermatoses, affecting more than 100 million people worldwide, the WHO has designated psoriasis as a major global health problem. The goal of the treatment is to get the disease under long-term control, to achieve the fewest visible manifestations and minimal activity of new ones, while in patients with severe psoriasis, systemic therapy is necessary. However, this has been very difficult for a long time, because conventional systemic therapies were often not sufficiently effective, and due to side effects and the need for frequent laboratory tests, they were also not appropriate for long-term administration. Nevertheless, intensive research and a better understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of psoriasis have led to the development of targeted biological therapy, which represents a significant advance in both efficacy and safety. But it is a new therapy, so many questions are not yet answered, especially with newer generations of biological therapy. Therefore, our work...
Epidemiological Analysis of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Czechia
Sekera, Jan Carlos
Sexually transmitted infections are among the diseases that are showing an increase and pose significant health problems, especially among the young population. They directly impact sexual reproductive health through stigma, infertility, cancer and pregnancy complications and can increase the risk of HIV. The dissertation focuses on the epidemiological situation of sexually transmitted infections in the Czech Republic. It seeks to supplement the missing data on this group of diseases and thus contribute by analysis to a better understanding of the development and current state in the Czech Republic. The work is conceived as a set of articles. Within the dissertation, the author introduces the context of his professional focus within the field of knowledge through published studies. The published studies that make up this dissertation focused on four critical areas of the issue of sexually transmitted infections: health literacy, socio-demographic analysis of injecting drug users, HIV testing at the time of the pandemic and regional differences The first set of included papers analysed HIV/AIDS health literacy levels. Knowledge of inequalities in health literacy is a crucial prerequisite for applying preventive measures. The second of the enrolled studies focused on analysing sexually transmitted...

National Repository of Grey Literature : 207 records found   1 - 10nextend  jump to record:
Interested in being notified about new results for this query?
Subscribe to the RSS feed.