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Quality of life in patients with COPD
KLÍMOVÁ, Pavlína
Theoretical foundation Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ranks among the most serious diseases in the population. The COPD prevalence is assumed at up to 7,7%. As the name shows, it is a chronic disease characteristic with typical symptoms including particularly cough, expectoration and noticeable dyspnoea. The symptoms may get worse above their common level in the course of the disease, which we call exacerbation. The presence of unpleasant breathing problems affects different life areas, restricting the individual when performing everyday activities. The patient's psyche is affected as well, including potential incidence of anxieties or depressions. Finally, the patient's subjectively perceived quality of life is significantly worsened. Goal of the thesis The goal of this thesis is to ascertain the areas in which COPD affects the quality of life. Hypotheses H1: COPD patients feel breathing problems. H2: COPD patients feel restrictions in the sphere of common daily activities. H3: COPD patients feel restrictions in the sphere of physical activity. H4: COPD patients feel restrictions in social sphere. H5: COPD patients experience negative feelings. H6: COPD patients perceive their quality of life as bad. Methodology The research investigation was implemented based on quantitative inquiry within the grant Project No. 120/2012/S "Reflection of life quality in nursing". The data collection was performed under use of quantitative method; the research investigation took place with the help of questionnaire technology. Two questionnaires were used: St. George's Respiratory Questionare Czech (SGRQ) and WHOQOL 100 generic standardized questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to persons with diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The selection set was made up through quota selection that was observed. The quotas consisted in COPD diagnosis and the respondents' gender. The proportion of men and women was specified at 500 persons, 294 men and 206 women from that number. The research set consisted of 296 men and 207 women, i.e. 503 respondents in total. The investigation took place through addressing general practitioners, specialized outpatients' departments and chest disease wards. Results The results were processed with the help of the SASD program (statistic analysis of social data). The results can be divided into three groups. The first group includes the results characterizing the structure of the research set; the second group includes the graphically represented results, and the third group includes the results processed with the help of descriptive statistics. The last two groups include results from both questionnaires used. The results allowed us obtaining information on perception of breathing problems by the patients, on the sphere of common daily activities, on problems in the sphere of movement, on social sphere, on experiencing of negative feelings and on subjective perception of quality of life. Based on the results, the hypotheses were evaluated as follows: H1: COPD patients feel breathing problems confirmed, H2: COPD patients feel restrictions in the sphere of common daily activities - confirmed, H3: COPD patients feel restrictions in the sphere of physical activity not confirmed, H4: COPD patients feel restrictions in social sphere - not confirmed, H5: COPD patients experience negative feelings confirmed, and H6: COPD patients perceive their quality of life as bad - not confirmed. Conclusion The thesis provides comprehensive view of the spheres affecting the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may be used not only for nurses but also for the whole multidisciplinary team caring for the patient. The thesis may be used also as study material for nursing students. The results of the research investigation will be further presented at conferences and published in professional journals.
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Creation and testing of educational program: Health education and prevention of non-infectious disorders (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
CHUDÁRKOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis deals with the design and applicability of an educational program intended for students of the master course Education with a focus on health education. The educational program is aimed at health education and the prevention of non-infectious diseases asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the introductory theoretical section I analyse concepts like health, prevention, lifestyle and disease. The central theme focuses on the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and smoking, which has a decisive role in the development of both diseases. In the practical section I verify the applicability of the educational program by comparing the input and output tests, which give evidence about the level of knowledge on the topic in question of randomly chosen students of the course Education with a focus on health education. The results of the practical investigation confirm the feasibility of the program in practical use and its considerable impact on deepening students' knowledge in the studied topic.
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Specifics of nursing care for clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Romana
The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by the restriction of air flow in the bronchi. It is a combination of two diseases: chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. Because the symptoms of both diseases blend, the joint name ?chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? is used. It is a neutrophil inflammation that causes irreversible changes. The most common cause of the disease is smoking tobacco products.The aim of this bachelor?s work is to determine the specifics of nursing and refer to the specific needs of patients. If nurses should provide high-quality care, they must be aware of these specifics when treating patients with this particular disease. The role of the nurses in this area is very important as they must approach patients individually. The nurses provide specific nursing care and educate patients. The theoretical part of the work focuses on the characteristics of the disease, its causes, treatment or prevention and nursing activities performed by nurses. The practical part of the work was processed in the form of qualitative research by means of a semi-structured interview. The research sample was represented by patients from pulmonary hospitals and pulmonary departments of hospitals in the Plzeň region and the Central Bohemian region. In total, eight respondents participated in the research. According to interviews, case reports were executed based on which categorized tables were executed with the most interesting data.It arises from the results that the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease brings various problems, and a patient and nurse must be able to solve them and be aware of them. Further, it is obvious that informedness of patients, and the wider public, could be more detailed because this disease stands on the first place in the list of civilization diseases and there are increasingly more patients with this disease. Thus, a brochure was executed based on the results with the aim to provide information about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.This information brochure can be used for study purposes or for patients with this disease.
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Specifies of nursing care for patiens with non-invazive ventilation.
TICHÁ, Věra
The use of the non-invasive ventilation of the lungs is connected with the positive pressure ventilation. When the endotracheal tube was developed, this method was put aside. Recently, its use has gone up again. It is indicated for the patients with acute respiratory insufficiency, cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. The non-invasive ventilation of the lungs does not require any sedation. In addition, there is no risk of intubation of the airways. The contraindication includes acute ischemic myocardium, a non-cooperating patient and inability to ensure the face seal. The research used qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The qualitative research was done in the form of interviews and content analyses of data. The research sample composed of six patients from the intensive care units in the hospital Nemocnice Tábor, a.s. The research sample of the quantitative data collection was made up of nurses from four hospitals in the Czech Republic, who work at the intensive care units and at the anaesthesiology and resuscitation unit. In total, 100 questionnaires were distributed and 84 properly filled in questionnaires were returned. The questionnaire included 40 closed questions. Objective 1 was to find out whether the nurses know and use the standard of the nursing care for the patient with non-invasive ventilation of the lungs. Objective 2 was to map actual conditions of the nursing care for the patients with non-invasive ventilation of the lungs. Objective 3 was to map which problems the patients with non-invasive ventilation of the lungs have. The objectives of the work were fulfilled. This work has got one research question. Which problems do the patients with non-invasive ventilation of the lungs have? The research found out that the patients most often have problems with rubbing and soreness to their face, dry mouth and throat and problems with sleeping. Hypothesis 1 (the nurses know standards of the nursing care for patients with non-invasive ventilation of the lungs) was disproved. The standard is not established in any hospitals. Hypothesis 2 (the nurses use the standards of the nursing care for the patients with non-invasive ventilation of the lungs) was disproved. The output is the development of the standard called "The nurse assistance of the patients with non-invasive ventilation of the lungs". Hypothesis 3 (the way of the nursing care for the patients with non-invasive ventilation of the lungs is different in the selected hospitals) was disproved. The nursing care in the selected hospitals is provided at the same level. The nursing care for these patients is a very demanding task for a nurse. An important element of successful treatment is a good psychological preparation of the patient and almost continuous presence of the nurse at the patient´s bedside. We hope that some of the results of this research will draw attention to the problems of the nursing care for the patients with non-invasive ventilation of the lungs and will help to solve them. The developed standard could also become a part of the nursing care procedures in medical facilities. .
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