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The problems of the central venosus catheter in the point of view of a nurse and a patient
KOVÁŘOVÁ, Miroslava
At present, nurses working in the acute medicine often meet patients who have had introduced a central venous catheter. In the acute medicine this catheter is essential for its wide-spread utilization. It also needs an intensive nursing care due to its invasiveness and an easy importation of an infection. Every hospital has its own standards developed for its treatment as well as successes in a prevention of the catheter infection. The patients often perceive an introduction of the central venous catheter as an inconvenience and they do not understand restrictions which are necessary when the catheter is going to be introduced. An aim of the bachelor thesis was to determine the problems that nursing staff meet in the care of the central venous catheter, which methods they use in the prevention of the infection and what are the feelings of patients with the introduced central venous catheter. In order to achieve the defined aims a qualitative method of a semi-structured interview was used. Interviews were made with nurses working in intensive care wards and in departments of anaesthesiology and resuscitation and a semi-structured interview with the patients who have had an experience with the inserted central venous catheter as well. Results were described in the interviews and interesting facts were entered into tables. The research showed that a frequent problem for nurses was the infection. Another finding showed that nurses have used available means to prevent an onset of the infection and they followed the nursing care standards while taking care of the central venous catheter. The interviews with the patients showed that they had perceived problems especially with a re-bandage of the central venous catheter.
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Analysis of hygiene knowledge level as for 1st up to 3rd class pupils in Primary School Hradská Humpolec
PRŮŠOVÁ, Ivana
My thesis deals with hygienic knowledge monitoring of pupils at the age of 6 up to 10 years attending Hradská Elementary School in Humpolec. Further it is focused on pupil´s education related to the significance of observing hygienic rules and potential consequences which can result in case of their breach. In the end, after carrying out the education, I evaluated the pupils´ knowledge of the problems in question. The initial part of my thesis gives information about hygiene history, basic hygienic habits, selected infectious diseases of child age, these infections epidemiologic characteristic, diagnostics, clinical knowledge, precautionary measures and vaccination problems. This part was elaborated by using method of secondary data analysis. The quantitative research and lecture on the theme "Precaution of infectious disease with practising the right method of washing hands? were carried out in the second part of my thesis. The data acquired via two questionnaire inquiries are evaluated statistically by means of graphs. The acquired results are under discussion in the third part of my thesis. The pupils have basic knowledge of body care; they know which hygienic habits they should observe. Unfortunately they do not always do it. The necessity of hygienic rules observance is not preferred by children because they do not realize their importance. Children should improve their dental hygiene and method of washing hands. Observing hygiene is important in infectious diseases precaution and indisputably also because of everybody's feeling fine. In my opinion the education has an influence on improving the knowledge level in the field of hygienic habits and therefore its implementation makes sense. My thesis can be used as information material for work in the given field. Its results can be used to increase the children's knowledge level in personal hygiene.
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Urinary Bladder Evacuaton by means of CIC (clean intermittent catheterization)
MATOUŠOVÁ, Martina
Urinary Bladder Evacuaton by means of CIC (clean intermittent catheterization). This Thesis deals with application of intermittent catheterization in treatment practice. This techique is used both, for clients with neurogenic disorder and clients with non {--} neurogenic disorder of urination. The Thesis was aimed at examination to what extent clients of a urodynamics advisory service are informed about the technique of urinary bladder drainage, whether the clients are able to perform urinary bladder drainage by means of the CIC technique themselves in normal living conditions, how clients using CIC are limited in normal home activities and to compare occurrense of urinary tract infections between clients with CIC and those with pernament catheter. A quantitative research survey method was applied to obtain the data for the Thesis. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire designed for clients of the urodynamics advisory service of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s. 100 questionnaires were distributed from January to March 2009. The return was 87 %. 87 questionnaires were returned, 5 of which had to be rejected for incomplete data. 82 complete filled in questionnaires (100 %) were used for the data processing. Four hypotheses were set. Hypothesis 1, clients are informed on the CIC technique, has been confirmed. Hypothesis 2, clients using CIC technique to drain their bladders have problems with urine evacuation in normal lives, has not been confirmed. Hypothesis 3, clients using the CIC technique are not limited in normal home activities has been confirmed. Hypothesis 4, clients with CIC have lower occurence of urinary tract infections than clients with permanent catheters has been confirmed. The research results will be provided to the Urology Department of Hospital České Budějovice a.s. to improve the care of clients using the CIC technique.
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Sophistication of population about origin of infection in tattoo and piercing saloons
RICHTROVÁ, Daniela
Tattoos and piercing are part of the mankind since time began. It is by no means a matter of new fashion. Until recently, tattoos and piercing was attributed to a fringe group of the population. Today, this body art is influenced by the fashion industry and music. However, during the application of tattoos and piercing, infection or blood-borne diseases can be transmitted. It is an activity in which the integrity of human skin is damaged. Therefore, in my diploma paper I deal with the issue of informedness about the risks of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours. The main objective was to find out about the level of informedness of students at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia (ZSF JU) about the presence of infection and the possible risk of its transmission at tattoo and piercing parlours. A secondary objective was to compare the level of knowledge of people with tattoos or body piercing and those without them. In this paper, the experience of ZSF JU students with tattoo and piercing parlours and the knowledge about blood-borne diseases were described. This diploma paper used a quantitative research, through the form of an anonymous questionnaire. The group of respondents consisted of students at ZSF JU. The paper presented three hypotheses and the research results bring the following evident conclusions: H1: The population is not sufficiently informed about the risk of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours. This hypothesis was refuted. H2: The informedness of the risk of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours is higher for people with tattoos or body piercing than for people without them. It was found out that the informedness of the risk of infection in both groups did not differ statistically. H3: People, when choosing a tattoo or piercing parlour, are rather interested in the price than in the quality. This hypothesis was not confirmed. The knowledge obtained can serve as an informative material for the prevention of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours.
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Possibilities pregnancy after transplantation of the heart
CHVOJKOVÁ, Lenka
The thesis deals with the possibilities of pregnancy of women in fertile age after the heart transplant. The aim was to find out, whether there are women after the heart transplant in the Czech Republic, who got pregnant, delivered a baby, or are trying to get pregnant, or are interested in pregnancy, at least. The qualitative research utilizes a survey method, which was aimed at physicians, who are looking after patients after the heart transplant. Furthermore a non standardized interview was held with the physician of the Outpatient{\crq}s department for the Transplants at IKEM and with her patient, who is currently trying to get pregnant. Personal documents of the patient trying to get pregnant were used, in order to make the research more specific. It is apparent from the results that there is a small group of women after heart transplant in fertile age. Thus, for ascertaining the result, the foreign literature was used, which describes already successful pregnancies after the heart transplants in such women. Pregnancy risks must be divided into risks for a mother and for a fetus. The pregnant woman after the heart transplant is most endangered by hypertension and further to that there is a danger of implant rejection, infection, as well as premature delivery. The fetus is most endangered by infection and premature delivery. A majority of newborns are delivered with a low delivery weight. The abortion rate is relatively low compared to a number of successful deliveries. In the event that a woman desires to get pregnant, she is always informed of the risks associated with the pregnancy after transplant. The risks, which endanger a mother and a fetus, can be decreased to a minimum through a well monitored pregnancy. The thesis can be used for increasing awareness of women, who want to get pregnant after heart transplant.
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Characterizacion and occurrence of methicilin resistant bacillary species Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from blood of patients of CZ and European hospitals.
VOBROVÁ, Renata
The thesis called The Characteristics and the Occurence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) from the Blood of Patients of Hospitals in the CR and Europe is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the practical part the methodology at detection and identification of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is specified in detail {--} exact procedures and principles of particular methods. Further there are the graphically and statistically processed data on MRSA capture in 2007, 2008 (The regions of České Budějovice and Český Krumlov). By the help of these data I was supposed to prove or disprove the stated hypotheses. Hypothesis no. 1: The capture of increased occurence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the course of period of time (2007-2008). The hypothesis was unambiguously disproved. Hypothesis no. 2: The connection of bloodstream infections caused by MRSA to the cannulation of patients. The hypothesis was proved. Hypothesis no. 3: The increased occurence of bloodstream infections caused by MRSA in connection to the higher number of infections caused by MRSA generally (with higher capture of MRSA generally). It is not possible to say if the hypothesis was proved or disproved. In case of the total number the hypothesis was proved. In case of age groups it was not proved. The main objective was to tip the risky departments, risky age groups and so on. I referred to the situation in chosen European states. I achieved the objective thanks to the graphical processing of the gained data.
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Microsporidial infections of exotic birds.
KAŠIČKOVÁ, Denisa
The prevalence of microsporidial infection among different species of exotic birds was screened using molecular methods. Moreover, the course of microsporidial spores excretion by naturally infected budgerigars was monitored during 30 days long period and subsequently, the site of the infection in tissues of these budgerigars was attempted to be located using histology, electron microscopy and molecular methods.
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Prevention of urinary tract infection at the standard ward.
HOLZÄPFELOVÁ, Soňa
With its 30-40% share, urinary tract infections rank among the most frequent nosocomial infections. For patients catheterized for several days the probability of urinary tract infection is high. In most cases the infection may be prevented by reduction of excessively long catheterization of urinary bladder and by consistent observation of aseptic and antiseptic principles at all departments of the healthcare facility. For this reasons the theoretical part summarizes the current findings about urinary tract infections. In the research I have used a qualitative and quantitative investigation method. The qualitative part of the investigation used inquiring and observation by means of a nursing audit, in conformity with a developed standard ``Catheterization of urinary bladder``. In the survey we focused on catheterization of female patients. The quantitative part of the investigation consisted of questionnaires concerning catheterization of male patients. The purpose of the survey was to find out whether the nurses are informed about and whether they observe measures preventing infections of urinary tract during catheterization. The question formulated for the qualitative survey was: 1) Do the nurses observe the aseptic procedure during catheterization of urinary bladder? For the purposes of quantitative survey we proposed the following hypothesis: The nurses are familiar with measures preventing infection of urinary tract during introduction of urinary catheters. Observations of nurses during the audit have shown that all the surveyed nurses (8) during catheterization of urinary bladder observed the principles of asepsis and barrier nursing. Based on those results we confirmed the hypothesis that he nurses observe the aseptic procedure during catheterization of urinary bladder. The results from questionnaires have shown that out of 39 nurses (100%) at least one measure or principle of barrier nursing was known to 33 nurses (84.6%). The most frequent response provided by the nurses (28.7%) was the use of protective sterile aides. The results have confirmed the hypothesis: The nurses are familiar with measures preventing infection of urinary tract during introduction of urinary catheters. The results of the survey have been offered to the deputy director in charge of nursing in the hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. as a source of information for continual improvement of nursing care quality.
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Mycotic disease - social and psychological problem
KARAFIÁTOVÁ, Iva
In my opinion, the topic of my thesis - {\clqq}Mycotic diseases {--} a social and psychological problem`` is a very current issue. In my thesis I describe individual types of mycotic diseases with regard to their epidemiological characteristics, techniques and options of treatment. I also give information on preventive measures to help prevent transmission of the infection. The first objective of the thesis was to identify the most often diagnosed mycoses in the dermatologist´s consulting room during one year. This objective was achieved by using medical history records and it was found out that the most frequent diseases are especially fungal nail infection, fungal foot infection and superficial mycosis - Pityriasis versicolor. The second objective was to evaluate psychological and social impact in patients with mycotic diseases in comparison with respondents from general public. This objective was achieved as well. Using questionnaires, 60 respondents were asked 34 questions. The questions were prepared in such a way that information both from the dermatologist´s consulting room patients and from respondents from general public could have been obtained by the inquiry. The outcome of the whole inquiry was supposed to be evaluation of two hypotheses. The first one should have confirmed or rejected the idea that patients with mycotic disease in medical history have more information on this issue, better awareness about options of transmission prevention, prevention of re-infection and they behave more responsibly regarding prevention of mycoses transmission in population than the others. The second hypothesis stated that mycotic diseases have negative social and psychological impact. In the conclusion both hypotheses were basically confirmed. Awareness of respondents from general public is not on a high level, on the contrary, large majority admitted lack of awareness about this issue. Negative impact in people suffering from this disease is very perceptible. Most respondents perceive the disease as a social handicap and they try to hide the possible visible symptoms on their body at any cost. Adverse reactions to them from their family and relatives or from the public are no exception. In my opinion, the further procedures to improve the existing situation should be adhering to preventive measures such as maintaining personal hygiene or disinfection of risky areas. However, I find especially important to talk about these diseases, in public and without constraints. To support the diseased and to inform general public by means of media, leaflets or by public lectures and talks.
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Health hazards perception of intravenous application of psychoactive drugs in addicted group
PROKŠOVÁ, Michaela
The addiction psychoactive substances currently represents a major problem. The number of users of such substances has been increasing. The intravenous application of psychoactive substances is associated with many health risks. Transmission and spreading of infection is associated mainly with frequent sharing and use of needles, syringes and other instruments among the users. In recent years the spreading of hepatitides (particularly VHC) has been reported as one of serious consequences of addiction to psychoactive substances, particularly in case of intravenous application. Protection against the spreading of diseases consist mainly in the prevention. The objective of the thesis is to verify whether the people addicted to psychoactive substances are aware of risks of transmission and spreading of infectious diseases (particularly VHC) as a result of intravenous application. The research was conducted on a group of drug addicts intercepted in the network of contact center and on a group of drug addicts in a therapeutic program of a psychiatric facility. I have used the method of inquiry in the form of questionnaires. In the thesis I set five hypotheses. The first, the third and the fifth hypotheses have been confirmed. The second and the fourth hypotheses have not been confirmed. The results of the research may be used by facilities providing low-threshold services as a part of secondary and tertiary prevention and harm reduction. It may also serve as source of information for workers dealing with anti-drug issues.
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