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The Socioeconomic Status of Parents of Children Hospitalised Due to Injury in the Paediatric Ward
MIKEŠOVÁ, Jana
Accidents pose a significant problem of public health care systems. According to statistical data more than five million people die of accident injuries worldwide. Currently, the accident issue has enjoyed a special attention. Injuries of children are considered the most severe enemy and at the same time the most frequent death cause in children and young adults and the third most frequent cause of death in the population as a whole. In the Czech Republic, accident injuries result in 300 child deaths and 3000 permanently handicapped in a year. In my diploma work I have focussed on accidents at an early age, which currently occur more a more frequently. My research has dealt with children who tend to be prone to accident risks. The objective of my paper has been to monitor the circumstances of child accidents in the course of the calendar year 2010 in children staying in the paediatric ward and to find out whether the socio-economic status of a particular family has an impact on the accident circumstances. The theoretical section of my work contains a description of the individual accidents which are typical for the population of children and the practical section consists of an evaluation of statistical data, which I have collected using secondary data analysis and case studies of children staying at hospital as well as a questionnaire interview of parents. The quantitative research shows that the most frequent cause of a hospital stay of patients in the Paediatric Ward of the Český Krumlov Hospital in the course of 2010, as a result of an accident, were falls, fractures, contusions without head injury, the second most frequent cause of a hospital stay were head and brain injuries, the third place was occupied by injuries of the body surface (wounds, skin abrasions, bruises). It has been found that the most frequent accident occurrence circumstances are connected with children´s play without the supervision of their parents, then accidents occurring in relationship with sports activities and finally traffic accidents (bikers and in-line skaters). Based on testing the hypotheses, the research has further shown that the socio-economic factors or the family status tend to have an impact on the circumstance under which the accident happened.
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Accident Rate at TJ Sokol Dobšice Football Team
ZAJÍC, Ondřej
Recently, injuries resulting from accidents have been regarded as a serious and social issue all over the world. Injuries concern all age categories. A significant portion is comprised by injuries resulting from sports activities, such as football. Football is a popular sport played by an increasing number of people, which leads to a higher occurrence of injuries attributable to this sports activity. Such injuries may be of a very serious character as they require long treatment and sometimes even termination of the player´s sports activity. These factors induce the necessity to continue implementing new precautionary measures to prevent these undesirable consequences to maximum possible extent. The goal of my bachelor´s thesis is to discover the frequency and seriousness of injuries resulting from accident among football players - members of the TJ Sokol Dobsice football club. The set goal has been achieved. The conducted research should have proven or invalidated the following set hypotheses: H1: With increasing age increases the frequency of injuries in the TJ Sokol Dobsice football team and H2: More than half of the injuries occurred in the 2009-2010 season in the TJ Sokol Dobsice team are not of a serious character. The H1 has been proven. As it followed from the survey based on a questionnaire, that the product category with 15 accidents happened (11%), 27 students in the category of accidents (20%), adolescents in 38 accidents (28%) men 57 injuries (41%). The second hypothesis has been proven. Only 6 players (21%) of those who were due to injuries in hospital, had to be hospitalized due to injury, 4 players (5%) operated on and 9 players (12%) was needed treatment longer than 3 months. As it follows from the results, 85 players (78 %) use protective devices, 99 players (91 %) do stretching physical exercises prior to match or training, however, only 21 players (19 %) do stretching physical exercises after match. The fact that 36 players (33 %) start fighting with intention to injure the adversary is perceived as alarming as well. It would be possible to share the results with the coaches of TJ Sokol Dobsice who could lead their players to accept higher responsibility and who could accentuate prevention of injuries resulting from accidents.
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The causes of injuries and deaths in the Czech Republic
VOSÁTKOVÁ, Kristýna
The thesis is titled The causes of injuries and deaths in the Czech Republic. The main objective is to highlight the constantly high death rate caused by car accident injuries and by a hidden threat of heart and cardio-vascular diseases resulting in most people's deaths. The thesis contains two parts: theoretical and practical. The theory includes specific terminology such as health, health determiners and the lifestyle. The next chapter analyzes most frequented diseases in the Czech Republic such as heart and cardio-vascular diseases, tumors, respiratory and digestive tract diseases, death, the most frequented injuries in the Czech republic and suicides. The practical part describes the research findings and results. Two types of questionnaires were used for this purpose. The former one was handed to randomly chosen people who had suffered any injuries. The latter one was given to medical doctors in order to trace the death causes in the course of a year. The questionnaire data were transferred into graphs and charts. The graphs and charts as well as the discusssion outcomes are described in the final part of the thesis. The paragaphs of my thesis contain the bibliographical and website references. In the appendixes both questionnaires are inserted.
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Ability of University Students to Administer First Aid
BÖHM, Pavel
Life is the most valuable possession of a man. Any of us can find himself in a situation, when we will have to provide first aid to an injured person. The objective of this paper was to survey what practical knowledge of administering not professional first aid the university students have. A qualitative research in the form of a case study was applied, with help of the observation method and polling method - an interview with open questions. The results of this paper were presented at a scientific conference called: "Rescue workers to each other, or let us do not preach at each other, but learn from each other", in Hrubá Voda, on 26th March, 2009. A crucial point of this research was to survey the abilities of not professionals to provide first aid some time after their training. These results might be used for making up and setting curricula and educational methods in the field of didactics of urgent medical assistance.
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Prevention of accidents at preschool age
PETR, Petr
Every year, more than 300 000 accidents of children occur requiring medical treatment or hospitalization in a hospital. Around 300 children die as a result of an accident every year. In comparison with other European countries, the Czech Republic occupies one of the worst positions as to frequency of accidents of preschool children. The objective of this thesis is to identify existence, quantity and scope of preventive activities in facilities designed for preschool children within the district of České Budějovice. The subject includes confirmation or rejection of a hypothesis whether there is a relation between the size of the town or municipality, frequency and scope of preventive activities. To verify the stated hypothesis, interviews were held in which the pedagogical staff of preschool facilities were asked questions concerning prevention of accidents in their facilities. Assessment of the interviews results did not confirm the hypothesis of an existing relation between the size of the town or municipality, the frequency and scope of preventive activities. In all visited facilities, preventive activities are carried out, focused on prevention of all forms of accidents. Preschool facilities directly in České Budějovice can visit preventive events organized by units of the Integrated Emergency System with less difficulties than facilities in the country thanks to better accessibility by the public transport. In spite of the mentioned difficulties, most of upcountry facilities participate in those events in close cooperation with the local Police or voluntary fire department. Some preschool facilities have their specific focus and programmes compared to the usual standard. In some of them they deal with drugs and tobacco prevention, other facilities are visited by students of PF JU with their programmes focused on prevention, still others present children thematically focused stories on CDs and DVDs. Other facilities, for example, organize a children{\crq}s day related with prevention in road traffic or organize a visit of ZOO joined with a lecture on how to treat animals. We can see as a certain gap in preventive programmes an absence of the central methodology for their organizing. Suggestion and recommendation for improvement of the situation could include completion of central methodology for prevention for preschool children which would include in its content and provide individual circuits and specializations on specific dangerous situations a child can get in. Another proposal for solution of the situation could be provision of preschool facilities with materials and aids for presentation of preventive education organized mostly in the form of games.
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Prevention and Therapy of the knee injuries in Football
BENEŠOVÁ, Michaela
My Bachelor Thesis deals with the problem of knee-joint injuries. The chosen theme ``Prevention and Therapy of the knee injuries in Football{\crqq} introduces a large variety of possible injuries. The Thesis includes an analysis of the complicated anatomical structure and biomechanics of the knee. The part devoted to injuries describes the injury mechanism that gives the ground for the following examination, diagnosis determination and proposal of the subsequent therapy. Another important chapter, prevention of the knee injuries, describes the activities to prevent from such injuries. The aim of this Thesis is to assess the treatment effect of the anterior cruciate ligament rupture in two probands in relation to their return to sports activities, and furthermore to furnish theoretic information concerning primarily the anatomy and prevention of injuries. In respect of the quantitative research, we chose at random two footballers of a district league standard suffering from ligamentum cruciatum anterius rupture. The research proceeded during their therapy using the technique of uncontrolled dialogue, observation, casuistry and secondary analysis of data. The result brought the ascertainment of the success in the therapy effectiveness. After 3 months both patients, sportsmen, achieved such health condition which allowed them do light sports activities with no limitation, e.g. exercise biking, swimming, walking, running on flat surface and even cross-country; cycling is also suitable. It is very important to keep to the said recommended sports activities as the inadequate overloading of the knee can give rise to recurrence or even to injury of other structures of the knee joint.
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Prevention of Injuries and State Prevention Support
KŮSTKOVÁ, Lenka
I wanted to clarify two basic objectives through my thesis. The first objective was to determine how the state supports the programmes focused on injury prevention. The other objective was the description of state programmes and their subsequent evaluation. The theoretical section explains the concept of an injury. It also includes the classification of injuries, it explains the causes of injuries and their consequences, it deals with the classification of injuries by age, it focuses on the specifics of injuries in the age group of 20 to 40 years. It also describes the current status of injury prevention. It divides preventive efforts into the activities that fall within the activities of the World Health Organization (WHO), the state and institutions, and cities. The results of the thesis show that implemented preventive activities are focused primarily on school-age child population, as well as youth and young people. The data for this bachelor thesis was obtained through qualitative research methods, interview techniques with open questions. A data analysis was used to process the information. The respondents believe that there are not a sufficient number of preventive activities for their age group. The thesis research shows that the respondents consider injury prevention as clearly necessary and important. The thesis research also deals with using the Trauma Register in the state injury prevention programmes. The register is currently focused on the child population only. It is planned to extend the data to the adult population.
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Physiotherapy after the forearm and the hand injuries
POLÁKOVÁ, Jana
My bachelor thesis dealing with the topic Physiotherapy after forearm and hand injuries, describes not only the complete anatomy of the forearm and hand, characteristics of the particular injuries and the complications thereof, but also examination methods and possibilities of rehabilitation, by means of which the patients frequently regain former functions of the extremity affected. The thesis aims to find out whether patients are able to return to their original occupations as well as their original hobbies. The research part, in which the casuistic method and that of a free conversation with patients in the course of their attendance to rehabilitation procedures were used, contains descriptions of diagnoses and examinations of two patients with a different therapy success. The conclusion of the thesis resulted in the fact that the convalescence success of patients and their return to work largely depends on how complicated their diagnoses are and on the character of their work. In my opinion patients should be provided with a complex care, which includes timely medical help and subsequent physiotherapy and ergotherapy. A very substantial problem that is omitted is the patients{\crq} mental state, and for that reason the convalescence process should involve possible visits to a psychologist. Another essential thing is to inform the patient systematically on his/her state and future, and his/her motivation for his/her effort of improvement.
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General liability
KOHOUTOVÁ, Hana
The Bachelor thesis is focused on General liability, which is extended to the issue of liability of the town Písek due to injuries of citizens of the town incurred on the roads in winter period 2009/2010. The target of the first part of this work, a theoretical part, is to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic, which is complemented by a comparison of selected insurance products. The second, practical part, highlights to low awareness of citizens regarding the evidence of resulting the injury and a relatively low number of people in Písek, who suffered a loss and have received compensation to date. The contribution of the thesis is a detailed development work and consideration of the situation which arose in Písek in winter.
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QUESTIONS OF SAFETY IN THE INSTITUTIONS INTENDED FOR WATER HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES
KADLECOVÁ, Jana
``Water-related injuries{\crqq} are the second most frequent cause of death of children in the Czech Republic. My thesis addresses the issue of safety in facilities designed for aquatic leisure activities. Within the scope of the qualitative research with the aim to analyze technical standards, to ascertain their observance and afterwards to analyze the injury risks I used the data collection technique consisting in secondary data analysis, observation in combination with photographic documentation and semi-standardized interviews. For the research I selected a swimming pool in České Budějovice and Aquaviva Wellness Centre in Aurora Třeboň spa. The reason for this selection was creation of a pilot study monitoring safety in these facilities in South Bohemia. The Czech Republic has technical standards in place that are applied to minimize the risk of injury to the largest possible extent in facilities like that. They determine the procedures that have to be observed during construction and subsequent operation of facilities designed for aquatic leisure activities. The provisions defined by the standards are observed in both facilities but in their substance they are so generalized that it is only at the operators{\crq} discretion to what extent the safety is to be secured by them. They should be more specified and applied concretely to individual units of the equipment in order to create a safe environment. As far as risk places in the facilities are concerned, it may be stated that, regardless of compliance with the requirements defined by the standard, there is a large number of risks related in particular with slippery surfaces. Within the scope of the safety evaluation, it is also necessary to take account of hazardous behaviour of users of the chutes. The results of the research indicate that in Aquaviva Wellness Centre in Třeboň safety is secured and complies with the requirements of technical standards and the prevention requirements; the swimming pool in České Budějovice shows more serious defects {--} the standards are complied with but the surfaces are not covered with materials that would secure safety. On the basis of my research and other technical studies that confirmed seriousness of water-related injuries it is obvious that the issue of injuries in this field will require modification of safety measures and more precise specification of standards and thus elements such as materials of surfaces that would secure the required safety.
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