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EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE BEHAVIOR OF CALVES
HAISOVÁ, Dita
The aim of this work was monitored by video recordings made in the ZD Krásná Hora nad Vltavou, 6 different types of outdoor hutches and individual one on the basis of different behavior of calves to evaluate the suitability of different types either for breeding dairy calves in the period. Investigations were carried out in winter and summer, was used in recording AVI Windows Media Player with a length of 1-minute intervals. Heifers of Czech Spotted cattle were monitored. Length of stay of individual calves in outdoor hutches was from 83-87 days. The purpose of monitoring was to evaluate the length of stay of calves within each individual outdoor hutches and length of stay outside. In each hut were installed sensors, reported the values of internal temperature and relative humidity at intervals of 15 minutes. Given that microclimate should be in different climatic conditions to create an optimal environment for the calves, the criteria have been satisfied welfare length of stay inside the shed. The average outdoor temperature during the reporting period of the winter fell to -2.54° C. In this period, the individual VIB measured average indoor temperature of -0.04 ° C to -1.43 ° C. During the follow up period was recorded in summer average daily temperature of 19.79 ° C. Summer temperatures average in each of the VIB was 21.14 ° C - 22.27 ° C. These data were no statistically significant temperature differences (P ? 0.05) between the VIB in winter and in summer. The average relative humidity in the microclimate in the winter of VIB reached values ranging from 79.57% to 86.76% in summer from 59.59% to 63.55%. In the winter when evaluating indicators of microclimatic relative humidity between VIB was a statistically significant difference P?0.05 (1:2, 2:3, 2:4, 2:5, 2:6). In winter, the length of stay within the VIB calves ranged from 73.96% - 88.96% of the reference time. Differences between the lengths of stay within the VIB calves were statistically significant (P?0.05 to P?0.001). Over the summer period, length of residence either within the calves ranged from 65.68% - 80.85% of the reference time. Differences between the lengths of stay during the summer period were significant (P?0.05 to P?0.001). Total for the period was the top-rated wooden shed ZD Krasna Hora nad Vltavou.
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Ecological demands of the selected planktonic algae and cyanobacteria from the order Nostocales. Light intensity and temperature optima of the water-bloom dominant species in the ponds and reservoir in the Czech Republic.
KOHELOVÁ, Hana
This thesis is aimed on cyanobacterial water blooms. It deals with the composition of cyanobacterial water blooms, factors which cause its emergence, effect it has on environment, termination of cyanobacterial bloom and ways of how to restrict it. My thesis contains the chapter devoted to the cyanobacterial bloom characteristic, which gives them advantage over other organisms in plankton and over other cyanobacteria as well. It also contains general description of fishponds and reservoirs and locality description (fishpond Svět and Rod, water reservoir Římov, Jihočeský kraj), which were the sources of species tested in this experiment. The aim of the experiment was to find out the optimal temperatures and light for the growth of seven strains of cyanobacteria and one species of green alga. The experiment was conducted by cross-table gradient of temperature and light method (KVÍDEROVÁ a LUKAVSKÝ, 2001. Data of the strains growth in different combinations of temperature and light intensity was processed in program Statistika (ANONIMUS, 1996). Valence of each strain has its maximum and minimum values. In their mean, there is an optimum for the growth. Charts depicting maximal-minimal values and optimum of strains for temperature and light were created in Microsoft Excel. Details between temperature and light demand of strains were tested by PCA analysis in program CANOCO 4.5 and visualised by CANODRAW (TER BRAAK a ŠMILAUER, 1998). It resulted in particular values, which are comparable with similar laboratory tests.
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Equipment for temperature measurements
HORELICA, Josef
This work deals with theoretical description, practical connection of temperature measuring instruments and how they function while measuring the temperature. This document explaines basic concepts of temperature, temperature scales and temperature measuring. Further there are introduced standard types of sensors used in these measuring intruments. This document includes a picture presentation in PowerPoint, where an aggregate table of sensors and an application of these sensors in measuring instruments are introduced. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive view of this problem.
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Evaluation microclimate in dairy farming in chosen enterprise and proposal for improvement.
VACUŠKA, Josef
The substance of this bachelor work is mainly to evaluate microclimate in dairy farming and to suggest ways for it{\crq}s improvement. Dairy farm is located in chosen enterprise. The work describes characteristics of temperature, moisture, wind{\crq}s speed in chosen stable and it{\crq}s impact on animals. Next step was to propose the ways which could that microclimate adjust on values, in which animals are felling well.
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Effect of selected abiotic factors on wing polymorphism of semiaquatic bug Microvelia reticulata Burmeister, 1835.
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Táňa
Wing polymorphism of semiaquatic bugs is affected by environmental factors as temperature, photoperiod, population density or permanency of habitat. The heritability has its own specific part, too. A lot of field studies suggest that crucial effect on wing polymorphism has temperature, but laboratory experiments often do not confirm this hypothesis. The main aim of this thesis was to describe the effect of environmental factors (photoperiod, temperature and permanency of habitat) on wing polymorphism of Microvelia reticulata, additionally of Gerris lacustris. The partial tasks included description of effect of mentioned abiotic factors on mortality and rate of development. The individuals of both species were kept at combinations of two levels of temperature, photoperiod and permanency of habitat (overall at eight treatments) from first larval instar to adult. All adults of Microvelia reticulata emerged as apterous, so there was no response of wing polymorphism to tested environmental factors. The main influence of heritability is presumable. Only ten individuals of G. lacustris developed into the adult stage, so it was impossible to describe the influence of abiotic factors on wing polymorphism, mortality and lenght of development in this species. Mortality of individuals of M. reticulata was significantly influenced by the type of substrate. Only 3.5% of individuals survived when reared on wet filter paper, while 80.5% on the water surface. Both other factors (temperature, photoperiod) had no effect on total mortality. There was no difference between mortality of males and females, so it is impossible to note sexual dependent mortality. The lenght of development did not differ between sexes either. Lenght of development was significantly affected by temperature, as low temperature reduces development of M. reticulata. The fastest development showed nymphs of second instar and slowest development nymphs of fifth instar at all treatments. Since the effect of abiotic factors on wing polymorphism was not found in M. reticulata, it would be sufficient to study the effect of heritability on development of wings in this species in the future.
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