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Problematika mentální anorexie a možnosti její léčby
JANOUŠOVÁ, Ludmila
The work has only theoretical part. It starts with the description of historical attitudes towards women, then it characterises anorexia nervosa and eating disorders. It tries to make Clar cause of anorexia nervosa and dispositions to this illness, it also drala with physical and mental symptom sof anorexia nervosa. The last chapter is about medical treatment of this illness. It characterises treatment of physical and also mental consequenses and methods of psychotherapy.
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Specifications of nursering care of patiens with complications after direct SKG/PTCA
BLÁHOVÁ, Ilona
Abstract In the Czech Republic there is no doubt about the tendency of gradual increase in median life expectancy, which is significantly affected by the fact that mortality from cardiovascular diseases, especially from acute coronary syndromes, has been decreasing. Besides the provable effect of a healthy lifestyle, diet and, by all means, a quality and effective pharmacotherapy, a significant development in the field of interventional cardiology contributes to this accomplishment. The number of coronographies, coronary angioplasties and implanted stents have multiplied, and today the invasive coronarographic diagnostics and percutaneous myocardial revascularization belong to the the most common diagnostic and therapeutic methods in treatment of acute forms of ischemic heart diseases. An obvious prerequisite for such a rapid development in the field of intervention coronary angiography was the establishment of a sufficiently dense network of catheter laboratories and specialized facilities, which provide a highly professional and intensive care for patients. This thesis is focused on three basic objectives: ? To survey and characterize differences in nursing care concerning various complications in patients after SKG / PCI ? To survey bio / psycho / social impacts of complications after SKG / PCI on a patient ? To identify and summarize personal and material prerequisites and requirements to ensure quality nursing care for these complicated conditions The research was conducted by using a qualitative methodology. The methods used were observation, non-standardized interviews and medical and nursing records analyses. The research survey samples on which the investigation was focused were patients with the acute coronary syndrome hospitalized in the coronary care unit in the Cardio Center in České Budějovice, their family members and also the nursing staff providing the comprehensive nursing care. The outcomes of this survey were eleven descriptive case reports characterizing the occurrence of the most frequent complications in patients with ACS after SKG / PCI. To ensure clarity, each case study is complemented by a thought map with an account of the most important nursing interventions in the management of specific acute conditions. The paper also contains a framework analysis of bio / psycho / social impacts of complicated situations on patients. It is interesting to compare this matter from the perspective of nurses and patients, which is seen in correlation graphs. The section describing the organizational and personnel provision is introduced with the characteristics of the medical process and it also contains the list of medical personnel with their qualifications and the length of experience in the Coronary care unit in České Budějovice. Summarization of the instrumental medical equipment is also based on the analysis of previous cases and is accompanied by photographs of the equipment typical and indispensable for the care of patients in the Coronary care unit, which primarily has an informative and complementary character to get an integrated view of the Coronary care unit running and the nursing staff work.
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Kinesiotherapy of diabetes mellitus
CHALUPSKÁ, Tereza
My bachelor thesis is focused on kinesiotherapy in diabetes mellitus with focus on type 2 of the disease. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic whole-life disease leading to high morbidity, disability and mortality. A patient with high glycaemia level fluctuation and variable inadequate body mass (and further decompensation indicators) overburdens his/her organism and does not contribute to postponement of occurrence of cardiovascular, neuropathic, nephropathic, retinopathic and other problems. Adequately selected kinesiotherapy help people with diabetes mellitus compensate this disease. The theoretical part deals with diabetes mellitus in general and discusses physical activities focused on diabetes mellitus. The practical parts processes four case reports (women with diabetes mellitus type 2 diagnose) in the form of qualitative research. The first three respondents take regular exercises in groups divided according to physical and mental ability. The fourth respondent does not participate in any physical activity in the groups. Anamneses were found out through semi controlled interviews. Check-up results (dynamic examination of spine, anthropometrical examination, goniometrical examination, examination of shortened muscle groups, examination of weakened muscle groups, hypermobility examination, neurological examination, measurement of heart rate and blood pressure, determination of glucose concentration and HbA1c) were collected by direct observation. The aim of the work was to provide a theoretical outline of kinesiotherapy possibilities in diabetics, to map the forms of physical activities among diabetics and to evaluate efficiency of the individual physical activities of diabetics. Personal interest and active approach to physical activity regime are the main preconditions to successful kinesiotherapy in individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus. In the instance of individual and purely personal goal a suitable form of physical activities can be found for diabetics and thus contribute to compensation of the disease.
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Prevention of immobilization syndrome in patients with extension.
POSPÍŠILOVÁ, Eva
Abstract More and more up-to date equipment in the health-care sector makes the treatment of fractures possible, especially by means of surgery. However, not every patient is indicated for surgery. Even today, we can see a patient with the extension at the standard and intensit care units. Therefore, nurses must know how to take care of this patient and how to prevent the risk of immobilization syndrome in patient with extension that may cause many serious complications. The aims of this study were to identify the negative factors affecting a development of the immobilization syndrome in a patient with the extension, to compare the differences in the use of immobilization devices to prevent the immobilization syndrome in a patient with the extension at the standard and intensive care unit and to determine whether patients with extension are familiar with possibility of the immobilization syndrome. Four hypotheses have been defined. In the first hypothesis we assumed that inconveniently selected positioning affected the emergence of the immobilization syndrome. This hypothesis was confirmed. Inconveniently selected positioning is most often involved in the immobilization syndrome. In the second hypothesis we assumed that inconvenient hygienic care affected the emergence of the immobilization syndrome. This hypothesis was also confirmed. The insufficient hygienic care affects a development of the immobilization syndrome. In the third hypothesis we assumed that the intensive care unit used more up-to-date equipment to take care of a patinet with the extension compared to the standard unit. This hypothesis was also confirmed. The intensive care units used more up-to-date equipment to take care of a patinet with the extension compared to the standard unit. In the fourth hypothesis we assumed that patients with extension had no information about the possibility of the imobilization syndrome. This hypothesis was disproved. The patients with the extension are informed about the possibility of the immobilization syndrome. The nurses at the standard and intensive care units in Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. (PLC) and Military Hospital Olomouc were asked to be a research sample. Data were collected by the quantitative exploration method using anonymous questionnaires. In total 110 questionnaires were distributed of which 68 were used for the final evalution. The remainig questionnaires had to be withdrawn from the investigation because they were completed insufficiently by the nurses. This study could help to supplement the educational material for patients with the extension and to increase the knowledge of the nurses in the area of care of such patient.
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Laboratory methods for diagnostic infections total prosthesis articulations
HRONÍČKOVÁ, Lenka
Prosthesis articulations and their infectious complications are currently a much discussed problem among orthopaedists and microbiologists. The most operations are performed especially at hip and knee joints. The main reason for their most frequent damage is secondly the fact that endoprostheses of these joints have a good possibility of fixing of plastic materials into the bone and a long lifetime. Endoprostheses are used also in joints of shoulders, elbows etc. Despite of all aseptic procedures infection development sometimes appears. This complication is the most common cause of endoprostheses damage and it is often the reason for re-operation. The development of infection depends on interactions between a micro-organism, prosthesis articulations and a host. Bacterial agents causing infections of prosthesis articulations include gram-positive cocci, especially Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, sometimes even streptococci. Further they could be gram-negative bars, especially Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species a Serratia marcescens etc. In mixed infections there can also appear anaerobic bacteria, especially Propionibacterium acnes and anaerobic streptococci. Most of bacterial agents are a part of so called bio film, which is important for bacteria and their survival. Bacteria in bio film acquire matrix protection against the effect of antibodies and phagocytes and also against the effects of antibiotics. Implementation of new laboratory procedures and methods, when among others ultrasound is used to destroy bio film, and making further cultivation and identification of infectious agents easier proved as a contribution. It leads to significantly higher capture of etiological agents of infectious complications of prosthesis articulations and this way it contributes to better securing of re-implantations. Procedures and methods presented in this thesis can be used in other modifications at examination of other inorganic materials and implantations and at examination of tissues taken out of patient ´s body at various infectious complications. Presented thesis compares laboratory procedures and methods used so far at OLM (Department of Medical Microbiology) in Nemocnice Jindřichův Hradec, a.s. (Hospital in Jindřichův Hradec, Ltd.) with laboratory procedures newly implemented for this purpose to examine infections of prosthesis articulations in cooperation with the author of presented thesis in spring months of 2008.
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The Child with obezity - The education of parents
MRZENOVÁ, Jindra
A child with obesity - education of parents In recent years children obesity is taking the character of worldwide epidemics. This tendency is among others caused by the change of eating habits and composition of diet rich in fats and sugars. The occurrence of obesity is further caused by gene base of a child and lifestyle in which the physical activity of children is decreasing and children spend their free time especially in front of televisions and computers. Obesity itself worsens health state and the life quality of a child, who consequently suffers from health and psychical problems. These children are often exposed to laughter and bully by their contemporaries. This condition leads to their effacing themselves to seclusion, feelings of anxiety; the children become solitaires and compensate everything by higher intake of food. Obesity in children is a very hardly curable diagnosis. In quite a lot of them combating obesity is not successful and obesity outlasts in adulthood. Health complications as disorders of joints, diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure or various heart problems are also linked to this disorder. A nurse plays an important role in care of children with obesity. Together with a doctor she works on detecting children with obesity and his or her preventive actions can lead to decreasing of risks and complications connected with children obesity. A nurse educates children and parents about the problem of obesity, possible consequences and complications connected with this diagnosis, and provides advice and emotional support at changes of lifestyle of obese children and their families. The thesis was processed using quantitative research by the method of questioning and the technique of a questionnaire. Researched group was composed of children with obesity or overweight children and their parents. Questionnaires were distributed in outpatient clinics of general practitioners for children and teenagers and also children hospitalized in teaching hospital in Pilsen. We chose two aims of the thesis. First we wanted to find out the parents´ informedness of the problem of obesity and second to find out lifestyle in the family with an obese child. We can conclude that parents are informed of the problem and complications of obesity; however they do not follow healthy lifestyle. Further we chose three hypotheses. Parents are informed of the problem of obesity. This hypothesis was proved. Parents are not informed of complications in connection with obesity in their children. This hypothesis was disproved. Children with obesity do not follow healthy lifestyle principles. This hypothesis was also proved. The results of this thesis research can serve as a study material and are offered to parents who participated in the research.
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Exercise sister in prevention and treatment recurrent and chronic rhinitis and possible complication near puppy fat
OSADČÍ, Jana
Abstract The thesis examines the role of a nurse in prevention and treatment of recurrent and chronic rhinitis and possible complications in children. Rhinitis belongs to the most frequent diseases with chronic course in the group of children and adolescents. The number of affected people, particularly among children living in towns and cities is still rising, so sufficient and suitable education of children and parents provided by nurses is very important. Four goals were set in this thesis. The first goal was to examine the role of a nurse in prevention of recurrent and chronic rhinitis. The second goal was to examine the role of a nurse in treatment of recurrent and chronic rhinitis. The third goal focused on examination of the complications nurses most frequently face. The fourth goal was to elaborate an educational standard for nurses working at paediatric wards of hospitals and in surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents. Three hypotheses were linked to the goals. The first hypothesis assumed that nurses educated parents in prevention of recurrent and chronic rhinitis. The second hypothesis asked whether nurses educated parents and children in treatment and possible complications of recurrent and chronic rhinitis. The third hypothesis said that otitis media, sinusitis and conjunctivitis were the most frequent complications of recurrent and chronic rhinitis. Quantitative research performed by the questionnaire method was used to achieve the goals. An anonymous questionnaire was designed for nurses and parents. The questionnaire for nurses and parents contained 24 questions. 70 questionnaires were distributed among nurses from paediatric wards and 50 returned. The return was 71 %. 60 questionnaires were distributed among nurses in surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents, 40 returned. The return was 66 %. 50 questionnaires were distributed among parents and 30 returned. The return was 60 %. The data collection was performed in March 2011. The research results showed that most of the nurses educate parents in prevention and treatment of recurrent and chronic rhinitis. The parents confirm the benefit of the education. They consider a talk with a nurse in a surgery the most suitable education form. Education by a nurse has strong influence on parents and children suffering from recurrent and chronic rhinitis. A nurse helps them learn and understand the disease, teaches them how to find a new lifestyle, informs them about prevention and provides information on treatment. We also found that no educational standard dealing with care about children suffering from recurrent and chronic rhinitis existed. We have elaborated the standard and provided it to nurses in surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents and paediatric wards.
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Prevention of diabetes I. type and health promotion, education of diabetics and patients after pancreas transplantation
MRÁZ, Marek
The bachelor theses attend to people with diabetes mellitus Type 1 and patients after pancreas transplantation. The first chapters of theoretical part deal with pancreas anatomy, matter of disorder, its medication, belated complications, movement and nutrition connected with diabetes. The last chapter of this part is about pancreas transplantation. The practical part shows importance of education and knowledge of diabetics. It deals with life quality of diabetics who undergo pancreas transplantation. It compares their health and mental condition during diabetes, before and after pancreas transplantation.
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Socioeconomic Status and it´s Influence on the Course of Gravidity
ZIKMUNDA, Tomáš
Socioeconomic status and its influence on the process of pregnancy. The dissertation deals with the problems of the influence of the socioeconomic status on the development of pregnancy pathologies. The dissertation is divided into practical and theoretical parts. The aim of the theoretical part is to inform about problems of pregnancy from the medical standpoint and from the social point of view. There is also a treatise about socioeconomic status and its attributes, about fertility and about natality. In the dissertation there is also a chapter that with the problems of family. Research in the practical part was concentraced on the analysis of socioeconomic status and the pregnancy complications of women that gave birth to a child in Havlíčkův Brod Hospitál in a certain period of time. Complex of women was divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of pregnancy and obstetrical complications. Both groups were compared. As the instrument for the data acquisition and questionnaire, the quantitative research strategy was used. The aim of the dissertation was to find some factors refering to the socioeconomic status that might influence pregnancy complications. As the attributes of socioeconomic status that influence pregnancy complications following factors were marked: the highest finished education of woman and profession of woman before maternity leave.
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