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An experimental study of initial succession on different substrata: analysis of changes in plant species cover and some soil biological parameters and their relationships
KRESÁČ, Martin
A four year experimental study of initial stages of succession on different substrata (sand, peat and gray clay overburden from brown coal mining) was carried out. The substrata were transplanted into two different landscape types in the Czech Republic. Control plots were filled with autochthonous topsoil treated with high temperature vapor. Plots with un-treated autochthonous topsoil were also established. Plant species cover and several soil-biological parameters (soil microbial biomass, basal soil respiration, exchangeable pH(KCl), organic-C extractable by potassium sulfate solution, and nitrate-N content) were measured once a year. Obtained data were mainly processed by unimodal (plant cover data) and liner (soil-biological data) ordination methods. Biological species traits (life span, seed dispersal vector, seed bank type, ecological strategy type following Grime, life form following Raunkiaer) were used to characterize early stages of plant succession. Vegetation and measured soil-biological parameters, except pH(KCl), were significantly changing during four growing seasons. Variance partitioning analysis based on plant species cover data indicated the landscape type to be the main governing factor and physico-chemical characteristics of substrate to be less important during the studied initial stages of succession. The same analysis based on soil-biological parameters showed the reverse result. Great variability of plant species ecological traits was noticed during four growing seasons. The earliest plant colonizers were mainly ruderal, anemochorous terophytes with persistent seed bank. The number of species with C-strategy type increased during the study. The relationship between the average plant species cover and measured soil-biological parameters was also examined during the experimental study of early succession. Direct and indirect ordination revealed the average sum of plant species cover to be weakly positively correlated with soil microbial biomass, basal soil respiration, nitrate-N, potassium sulfate extractable organic-C, metabolic quocient (qCO2) and negatively correlated to exchangeable pH(KCl). The relationship was significant only in the case of microbial biomass and potassium sulfate extractable organic-C. More detailed studies of the relationship between aboveground plant species biomass and soil microbial communities in initial stages of succession are required. Comparability of presented study is limited because not many experimental investigations of similar kind have been presented until now.
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Village{\crq}s places as biocentre. Improvement mapping plants to evaluation biodiversity.
RÁDR, Jiří
The main aim of graduation theses was today{\crq}s loom of species distribution, which were in former times surely ample in integral area Blatensko. On the basis of it to rewiev the diversity. With village{\crq}s alternation the diversity changed, too. The 22 villages scattered in the whole area phytogeografically subregion Blatensko and the 59 plant species from archeofyts, apofyts and neofyts were selected. My objective was to note, if these species are still occurred in Blatensko region or not. The number of monitored plant species decreases and every year are more and more abundant.
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Fish assemblages of the artificially made water habitats in floodplain forests
Horák, Václav
In the alluvium of the Dyje River (r. kms 0.0-35.00) the original biotops and the artificially made biotops (created as a part of revitalisation activities) were studied in two floodplain forest complexes (the Kančí obora and the Soutok floodplain forests). Within the Kančí obora floodplain forest the most diversified assemblage was found in the new made complex of three pools, the Palachy (16 species) because of its permanent connection with hydrological systém. The species Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Blicca bjoerkna occured most. In the original pool U svaleného dubu (14 species) were the R. rutilus, S. erythrophthalmus species most frequent. Within the Soutok area in the artificially made complex of two pools, the Kesle, 9 fish species were found. The species Abramis ballerus occured most. In the original pool, the Krumpava, 10 fish species were found with A. ballerus occuring most as well. The artificially made habitats (pools) provide the same conditions for fish if permanently connected with the hydrological system of the floodplain forest.
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New records of Chironomus MEIGEN species (Diptera, Chironomidae) in the Novohradské Mountains (South Bohemia)
Matěna, Josef ; Matěnová, V.
C. longistylus Goetghebuer and C. sp. South Bohemia were found as new species for the Czech Republic. Karyotype of the new species is presented together with preliminary mapping of chromosomal arms A, C, D, E, F. C. cingulatus, melanescens, nuditarsis, uliginosus and C. (Camptochironomus) palidivittatus are recorded for the first time from Novohradské Mountains. Notes about distribution and ecology of these species are given.
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Flóra zelených vláknitých řas přírodní památky Kutnar (Podle stavu vegetace v letech 1986-1990)
Gardavský, Alexander ; Skácelová, O. ; Lenský, V.
Filamentous green algae were thoroughly studied from preserved samples collected in the Kutnar pool, from which Cyanophyta had been determined earlier (Skácelová et Komárek, 1989). The progress of eutrophication of the nature reserve (mainly caused by washout from fields) and its terrestrialisation caused changes in communities of both higher plants and filamentous algae. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae and Nymphaea alba have retreated: Cladophora globulina (KÜTZ.) KÜTZ., C. rivularis (L.) HOEK /and C. fracta (O. F. MÜLL. ex VAHL) KÜTZ. and Oedogonium capillare (L.) KÜTZ. at present/ are progressing. The expansion of Oenanthe aquatica is also an important factor in the process.More interesting species are presented and illustrated in detail, particularly: Cylindrocapsa geminella WOLLE, Mougeotia scalaris HASS., Oedogonium rivulare (LeCLERC) A. BRAUN, Schizomeris leibleinii KÜTZ. and Uronema cf. africanum BORGE. Other species include: Chaetophora elegans (ROTH) C. A. AG., Cladophora fracta, C. globulina, C. rivularis, Coleochaete scutata BRÉB. and Oedogonium capillare. Uronema africanum is a new species for Czech and Slovac Republic; Oedogonium rivulare var. tongiense is a new variety for Central Europe (it is the second found of this species in Czech and Slovac Republic).Uronema and Schizomeris were studied thoroughly. Schizomeris leibleinii is morphologically highly variable. Some of their stages resemble the genus Uronema in their morphology but differ cytologically. Starch envelopes of pyrenoids are divided into a few parts in Schizomeris, in contrast to the genus Uronema. The anticipated relationship of the genus Schizomeris to other genera of filamentous green algae requires further study and cultivation.
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Effect of catastrophic flooding on the composition of the fish stock of the Římov reservoir
Kubečka, Jan ; Prchalová, Marie ; Hladík, Milan ; Vašek, Mojmír ; Říha, Milan
In 2002, great flood occurred in the Římov reservoir. Fish stock of the reservoir was sampled before and after the flood by night beach seinings, pelagic and benthic gillnets, traps and electrofishing of spawning shoals of common bream. The fluctuations of most species (roach, bream and their hybrid, perch, ruffe, bleak, white bream, asp, pikeperch, eel, catfish) were random and can be attributed to interhabitat migrations rather to the effect of flooding. The share of certain species (carp, tench, goldfish, trout, dace, gudgeon) increased as they were flushed from ponds and fishing grounds in the catchment. Increased share of these species was detected in the spring 2003, while during August, the share of flooded fish decreased near to the usual level. The ‘climax’ cyprinid dominated fish stock proved itself to be very resistant to the extreme flood.
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