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Geneticky determinované choroby u border kolií
Trýznová, Alena
The thesis deals with the description of genetically determined diseases affecting the Border Collie breed. The described diseases include Collie Eye Anomaly, Trapped Neutrophile Syndrome and Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. The individual sections describe their symptoms, history, therapy, diagnostics and genetic dispositions of individual diseases, genetic testing methods and numbers of tested individuals. The thesis deals with diseases that could not be diagnosed genetically until recently; however, thanks to developing methods of molecular genetics, they are commonly available to breeders and owners at present.
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Blastocystis subtypes in pigs
LAKATOSOVÁ, Lucie
Blastocystis is an anaerobic single-celled protozoan that commonly occurs in the intestinal tract of animals and humans. It is a genetically very variable organism. Blastocystis can be found both in healthy specimens and in patients with gastrointestinal disorders. In 2011/2012, I examinated already isolated DNA samples from domestic and wild pigs by molecular methods in the laboratory of the ASCR Parasitology Institute. In total, 110 samples were examined. The domestic pigs were positive in 91 % (51/56) and wild pigs in 67 % (36/54). The overall prevalence of domestic pigs was higher by 24 %. Several sequences of SSU rRNA gene obtained during the work suggest that pigs may serve as host for atypical Blastocystis subtypes.
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Blastocystis in pigs
HORSKÁ, Ivana
Blastocystis is an obligately anaerobic protist, commonly found in intestinal tract of numerous animals and humans across whole world. It is genetically very variable and rather enigmatic organism. Many aspects of its biology need to be further studied and clarified. On a chosen farm were during the year 2010 collected samples of pig faeces for parasitological survey. A total number of 40 samples was collected and cultivated by the method of Dobel-Leidlaw (1926). Of them, 19 was positive for Blastocystis. Other samples were checked by molecular methods (PCR). Using them, five Blastocystis sequences were obtained, which clearly belong to subtypes 1 and 5.
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The occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in the Czech Republic
LANDOVÁ, Ivana
The objektive of this bachelor's thesis was to describe the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in the Czech Republic and to verify whether the literary data agree with the current occurrence rates. This thesis consist of 2 parts: The theoretical part of the thesis describe phenotypic symptoms and signs of chromosomal aberrations, their origin, causes and occurence rates in the population as reported in the literature. In the practical part, I tried to verify these occurrence rates of the aberrations based on results of investigations (both prenatal and postnatal) provided by the following laboratories: Genetika Plzeň s.r.o., Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Karlovy Vary, and Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital, Pzeň. I have also used data obtained from the Czech Institute of Medical Information and Statistics (ÚZIS) as well as data found in various Internet sites. The purpose of this research was to provide graphics demonstrating the results, unify various types of results and try to find possible interrelations. It is obvious from the results that there has been a shift in the age group of maximum fertility from ages 20 ? 24 in 1995 to 30 ? 34 years in 2008. The mean age of mothers whose foetuses were diagnosed with Down syndrome in individual years ranged in the interval from 27 to 37.5 years. There were no differences in the representation of Down syndrome in individual years, and also the representations found in individual workplaces did not show any significant differences, ranging from 0.19 to 1.52%. The mean occurrence rate of Down syndrome as calculated from the results published by ÚZIS from the period 1994 ? 2007 was 1 for 1,700 live births. I succeeded in realizing all the targets of my work. Both prenatal and postnatal occurrence rates of aberrations in the workplaces of interest varied for individual years or showed only minor signs of increasing or decreasing rates. Monitoring of larger number of workplaces appears warranted to confirm my hypothesis.
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General view of somatic and germinal interferences with human genome for the purpose of Homo Sapiens Sapiens improvement by means of the Christian ethics
HLINÁK, Jiří
Substantiality of the thesis is the question of moral and ethic in the sphere of developing genetic and inheritance research. Thesis is especially focused on ethics consequences which result from the application of this research. Thesis is divided in two parts. First part contains general information about genetics science and it is more likely descriptive. This part outlines fundamental principles of genetic, its evolution and genetics breakthroughs and their today exploitation. Thereinafter are mentioned genetics techniques divided in singles areas of interest with main focus on human genetic manipulation {--} main topic of the thesis. Close of this part is dedicated to the theoretical aspects of the ambition in the field of human changing and the description of achieved goals. There are mentioned controlling and regulating mechanisms as conclusions of the first part of the thesis. Opinion on regulation of clerical representatives, civil law, laic public and scientists themselves are referred-to. Second part of the thesis is focused directly on the ethics risks of the practical use of genetic technologies and their impact on human being. The principles of catholic ethic are foreshadowed. The expectations of human genetic improvement are confronted gradually by those principles. [90] Statement, that the human improvement by the genetic manipulation is non tenable by means of the Christian ethics is a conclusion of this thesis.
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Composition of selected fatty acids in milk fat of cows and goats
KALA, Robert
Milk fat is the recipient of numerous functions. It affects the biological, chemical, sensory and technological properties of milk. The Czech Republic is consumed and processed, especially cows, goats and ewes milk. The aim was to focus on the description of selected fatty acids in milk fat of dairy cows and goats because of their importance to human health and the factors that influence their composition. The results show that the content of short-chain fatty acids was compared to dairy cows higher in goat breeds. It was also found that the proportion of saturated fatty acids was influenced mainly breed and individuality, while the composition of unsaturated fatty acids was affected more nutrition and feeding. The work describes the biological factors such as breed, individuality, parity and stage of lactation, of the external factors described nutrition and feeding. Chapter biological factors mainly deals with the influence of genetics and contains a description of selected candidate genes affecting milk fat and fatty acids.
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Determine weather conditions outdoor rearing of calves in the selected locality and a proposal for any adjustment
ŠVEHLA, Vladimír
The care of calves takes an important part in the live-stock breeding system. Only well and healthily bred calves can fulfil their genetic potential during their life and become a valuable member of a herd of dairycows that will be worthy for its breeder. One of a calf breeding method during the milk period is so-called aerial breeding in which calves are relocated into an individual outside box and kept there until weaning, i.e. 2-3 months age. Particular rules of the box location and climatic effects must be followed but sometimes they are not. The main aim of this thesis was to explore the exposition of climatic effects in an aerial calf breeding part in a particular concern, to evaluate founded datas and try to design some arrangements to improve it.
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