|
|
Behavior analysis of the dairy cows with technology of milking robot
SCHESTAUBEROVÁ, Markéta
With the increasing consumption of milk and dairy products the number of dairy cows grew up also. But at the same time the requests on dairy cows were increasing which brought changes in technology and technique of the milking system which would be helpful with milk production, productivity of work and welfare of dairy cows. Milking robots could be a suitable solution. The first robot was installed on a farm in Netherlands in 1992. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to evaluate the basic behavior of Czech Spotted cattle based on analysis of their daily behavior with connection to dairy production and to the number of milking during the lactation. There were three ethological observations realized from June to December 2009 on a private family farm in Chlumeček near Křemže. The whole area of agricultural land is 320ha, out of which 120ha permanent grass and 210ha arable land. On this farm there are 72 dairy cows of Czech Spotted cattle in average, their hybrids and several pieces of Holstein dairy cows. The data were evaluated in the program Microsoft Excel and Statistica 9. The dairy cows gave attention to the feed intake most of all in September and that presents 26.07% of the whole day. It was 23.18% during the first observation in May and for the third observation in December 24.35% of the time. Standing of cows averaged 22.33% and the length of active time reached in average 4.33%. The lying duration of dairy cows were changed minimally during the year. At the first observation the lying period was 49.88%, at the second observation it was 48.25% and at the third observation 48.87% of the time. Quantity of milk per lactation was 4679kg in average; the highest productivity reached the group of dairy cows during the second lactation (4866kg of milk). Quantity of protein was 159.33kg in average with the content of 3.40%. The average number of milking reached 2.86 per day. The length of insemination interval was 103.49 days and service period was 159.97 days.
|
|
|
Effect of robotic milking on the behavior of breeding cows
BLÁHOVÁ, Lucie
With increasing consumption of milk and milk products, there were increased number of dairy cattle, but the increase of demand for dairy cows and thus to changes in technology and technique of milking, which would increase milk production, productivity, and improve the welfare of dairy cows. An efficient solution could be milking robots. The first robot was placed on a farm in the Netherlands in 1992. The introduction of robotic milking on agricultural farms in the Czech Republic began in 2003 when the main reason was a shortage of skilled manpower that would be willing to work in harsh working and sanitary conditions. The thesis aim was to assess the effect of milking by the milking robot on the behavior of breeding cows throughout the day in relation to milk yield and fertility in relation to lactation and genotypic classification (H100, HxC, C100). The behavioral monitoring was carried out in dairy farms Brloh (milking by milking robots) and Haklových Dvorech - the control group (in the milking house) in the period from August 2009 to January 2010. The data processing was done with using the Microsoft Excel program. For the evaluation of all parameters were observed in herds calculated basic statistics. Differences disappear individual indicators were evaluated single-factor analysis of variance. The first monitoring of the findings in cattle reproductive performance was the terms of genotype. The values were found favorable for fertility groups HxC in the both stables. Length insemination interval reached 69.1 days in ZD Brloh (compared to 110.1 of the ŠZP Haklovy Dvory), length of service period of 110.8 (vs. 142.9 days). In the meantime, the length (due to differences in the number of animals in the group) was a length of 409.5 versus 438.5 in the group of breeding cows milked in a milking house (ŠZP Haklovy dvory). Further indicators of fertility were evaluated in terms of lactation. The longest length of service period was recorded at 1st lactation in ŠZP Haklovy Dvory were 176 days. The shortest service period was found at the 3rd and subsequent lactations of 133.5 days. Insemination interval, indicating the search of breeding cows, which were in a rutting season, was roughly the same at all lactation ZD Brloh (range 72.7 to 78.2 days) for the ŠZP Haklovy Dvory was the longest period of time to 2 lactation (118.9 days). In terms of breeding cows for milk yield for each lactation cows achieve greater results in the production company with robotic milking (100 days - 3539.1 kg, 200 days - 6727.5 kg of milk 305 days - 9602.9 kg of milk). Compared to the control group, where a 100 days lactation cows milked 3240.06 kg of milk 200 days produced 5433 kg to 305 of milk and 5327.18 kg of milk daily. The behavioral surveillance in both companies was carried out for 24 hours using the interval method with a 10 minutes interval period. The largest part of the day the cows were lying. The second largest dairy operations were the category of standing, which represented the average length of 6.05 hours in ZD Brloh. In the ŠZP Haklovy Dvory was the time period 5.71 hours. The significant period between groups is also the time of feeding, which in the system with the milking in milking house is much shorter by 1.79 hours and it taken 3.71 hours. The length of the movement was in the milking house more than half the size shorter and was 0.32 hours. Also, the length of staying in the milking house was about half shorter and it was 0.22 hours.
|
|
|
The goat breeding on the organic farm
JIRMANNOVÁ, Kristýna
The management of goat breeding, animal welfare and the influence of goat breeding on landscape are the main aims of my bachelor thesis. The other aims are as follows: basic information about parameters of goat production, processing and market of bio-products, economy of goat breeding and subsidies in goat breeding. The goat breeding was monitoring at the Slunečná organic farm in the Šumava Mountains. The results were interpreted on the basis of the study of special literature and legislation about organic farming and ethology of goats. The data set of goat herd daily regime on farm was created. Winter daily regime and summer daily regime were compared. The conditions of goat breeding were then compared with requirements of legal rules in the Czech Republic and in the EU. The physiological and ethological needs of animals are satisfactory. It is due to modern technologies for stabling, milking, slaughtering and another handling with animals. Goats have the possibility to graze freely on pastures and they effect positively on the landscape management. They keep grasslands without woody plants and weeds.
|
|
|
Life symptoms of stallions and mares
KOREŠOVÁ, Michaela
The farm, where I have watched ethological behaviour, is next to CHKO Blanský les, near the small town Lhenice. The farm is engaged in breeding of horses. The basic herd is created with warm-blooded mares of Netolice´s breeding. The aim of ethological watching was to recognize basic symptoms of behaviour of horses in their natural conditions during pasture season. These symptoms were watched in the herd of 20 mares (barren, advanced stage of pregnancy and mares with foals) and in the one of 9 stallions and 2 geldings. Everything was conducted during four of 24-hours cycles during pasture season 2008 inside each of the herds. It was recognized, that horses most of their time were accepting their fodder. The time of feeding depended on quality of the pasture fodder and at the temperature of the air. Mares spent the longest time with feeding. It was 63.84 % of the day. The stallions spent with feeding 58.90 % of the day. At the end of their pasture season in September, but it is quite normal, because the quality of pasture is during the second part of pasture season much worse. The rest, as laying and standing depended on the time, that was needed for satisfying with pasture. The longest time for have a rest was watched during the month of Juni {--} 42.50 % of the day and 46.47 % of the day during August, when the parture was the richest and temperature the highest. Moving activity was much better inside the stallion´s herd. The conflict behaviour was the same inside the both of herds and aggressive behaviour was watched during the social fighting for relationships inside both of herds.
|
|
|
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE BEHAVIOR OF CALVES
HAISOVÁ, Dita
The aim of this work was monitored by video recordings made in the ZD Krásná Hora nad Vltavou, 6 different types of outdoor hutches and individual one on the basis of different behavior of calves to evaluate the suitability of different types either for breeding dairy calves in the period. Investigations were carried out in winter and summer, was used in recording AVI Windows Media Player with a length of 1-minute intervals. Heifers of Czech Spotted cattle were monitored. Length of stay of individual calves in outdoor hutches was from 83-87 days. The purpose of monitoring was to evaluate the length of stay of calves within each individual outdoor hutches and length of stay outside. In each hut were installed sensors, reported the values of internal temperature and relative humidity at intervals of 15 minutes. Given that microclimate should be in different climatic conditions to create an optimal environment for the calves, the criteria have been satisfied welfare length of stay inside the shed. The average outdoor temperature during the reporting period of the winter fell to -2.54° C. In this period, the individual VIB measured average indoor temperature of -0.04 ° C to -1.43 ° C. During the follow up period was recorded in summer average daily temperature of 19.79 ° C. Summer temperatures average in each of the VIB was 21.14 ° C - 22.27 ° C. These data were no statistically significant temperature differences (P ? 0.05) between the VIB in winter and in summer. The average relative humidity in the microclimate in the winter of VIB reached values ranging from 79.57% to 86.76% in summer from 59.59% to 63.55%. In the winter when evaluating indicators of microclimatic relative humidity between VIB was a statistically significant difference P?0.05 (1:2, 2:3, 2:4, 2:5, 2:6). In winter, the length of stay within the VIB calves ranged from 73.96% - 88.96% of the reference time. Differences between the lengths of stay within the VIB calves were statistically significant (P?0.05 to P?0.001). Over the summer period, length of residence either within the calves ranged from 65.68% - 80.85% of the reference time. Differences between the lengths of stay during the summer period were significant (P?0.05 to P?0.001). Total for the period was the top-rated wooden shed ZD Krasna Hora nad Vltavou.
|
|
|
Students of 1st and 2nd class of basic school - awareness of dog ethology.
PETŘÍKOVÁ, Šárka
ABSTRACT Nowadays, more and more often we hear about children who are attacked by dogs. The media constantly inform us about fighting breeds and their attacks on humans. Number of dogs in the household significantly increases and posibility of injury of the child by our four-legged partner is increasing too. This situation requires a solution. Media accused of assaulting an animal, unfortunately very often the culprit is not even a dog or child. Thesis on ?The awareness of pupils of first and second class ofthe first level of basic schools on the ethology of dogs ? is based on the author's practical experience with objective reality. The author herself, which is devoted to dogs more than 15 years, also tried to capture the degree of knowledge of school age children on the natural behavior of our four-legged domestic ?pets?. Through her own research, conducted by standardized questionnaires at selected basic schools in the South Bohemia region (in total 284 respondents) reveals the primary mistakes committed by these children in contact with their own or strange dog. The theoretical part is devoted to common cohabitation of children (or people) and dogs. Various chapters are focused on the historical evolution of domestic dog, the coexistence of humans and dogs, and communication sinals, which they use to interact among themselvest, but also on the impact of a dog on the psyche of the child. The research revealed significant gaps in knowledge regarding children's innate behavior of the dog. For this reason children can not adequately respond to a signal that is sent by a dog, so there can arise a hazardous situation between them. At the end of thesis the author proposes a practical solution that could serve as a basic for a new educational program aimed at preventiv injuries caused by dogs attack the children.
|
|
|
The Utilization Of Goats And Sheep In Care For Landscape And Their Submission In Ogranic Farming
JIRMANNOVÁ, Kristýna
The analysis of management of sheep and goat breeding on the organic farm is the main aim of my thesis. The herd was examine at the Slunečná organic farm in the Šumava Mountains. The animals were monitored during grasing season by force of metod ethology monitoring. Sheep and goats were monitored and it was done four times for always 24 hours during a grazing period. The method of the direct monitoring was used and the base categories of the behaviour (food intaking, lying, standing and moving) were written down by an interval method - the interval took 10 minutes. The comfortable, mother's, social and sexual behaviour were writen down as well. Gained data from single sighting was expressed absolute and percentage share form total tables and graphs. The results were interpreted on the basis of the study of special literature and legislation about organic farming and animal ethology. The way of sheep and goats farming was according to an inborn biorhythm and gave the animal free and natural ways of behaviour. The physiological and ethological needs of animals are satisfactory. Sheep and goats have the possibility to graze freely on pastures and they effect positively on the landscape management. They keep grasslands without woody plants and weeds.
|
|
|
Ethological manifestations sheep along pastoral season
KOUTNÁ, Zdeňka
The aim of the thesis is to write down and evaluate the base categories of the sheep grazing behaviour during one grazing period as regards the various climatic conditions. The method of the direct observation was used when the length of interval was 10 minutes. It was done five times for always 24 hours during a grazing period. The longest time of the grazing (43,8 % of the day) was found out in July. High temperatures shortened the time of the grazing to 26,8 % of the day. If the growth is of poor quality the time of the movement is lengthened out to 10 % of the day. The longest time of the lying category was found out in August (54,4 % of the day).
|
|
|
Ethological manifestation at the beef cows bred in the system without market milk production
VESELÁ, Jana
The aim of the work was evaluate on the dynamic of live performance at the beef cows in the system of breeding cows withour market milk production in the subnountain areas. The chosem method was a direct group observation within ten-minute intervals. The longest duration of pasture was in autumn 59.6 % of the day and the shortest in winter 30.8 % of the day. The activity of lying depended on standing and decreased from spring period 15.3 % of the day on 5.7 % of the day in winter period. The observation flows to the fact, that breeding of the livestock from welfare and adaptability herd of view is suitable in sub-mountain areas.
|
|
|
Ethological manifestation of bulls during fattening
ŽÁČEK, Pavel
The object of graduation theses was catch up the basic category of bull´s behaviour (food taking, resting, standing, movement). The bulls are stabled in free full grating system and they are here from start until the end of fattening with regard to racial differences among them. Average time of taking feed during whole fattening was 4.68 hours (19.4 %). Average time of caregory´s movement durinng whole fattening was 1.30 hours (5.4 %). Average time of resting was 13.41 hours (56.0 %). Average time of standing was 4.62 hours (19.2 %).
|
guest ::
