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Magnetic particles as a reversible carrier for enzyme electrodes
Janíček, Zdeněk ; Žeravík,, Jiří (referee) ; Skládal,, Petr (advisor)
Master’s thesis contains information about the enzymes, biosensors, enzyme biosensors and magnetic particles. Cholinesterasa (ChE) is the generally name for the two related enzymes, mutually differing appearance and biological functions. Acetylcholinesterasa (AChE) is necessary for the transmission of nervous excitement. AChE is located at cholinergic synapses, where is the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and this termination by the nervous excitement. Butyrylcholinesterasa (BChE) is related to AChE and it is present in serum. Experimental part was focused on electrochemical biosensors with cholinesterase enzyme using magnetic particles for reversible reconstruction layer. Cholinesterase immobilization was carried out on the magnetic particles by covalent binding after glutaraldehyde activated. The measurement of activity take place with acetylthiocholin as a substrate in a flow system, magnetic particles were captured before the platinum electrode and produced by thiocholin is detected amperometric. The aim was to measure inhibition of AChE. Significant inhibition ChE is caused by certain drugs and pesticides based on organophosphates. There was tested by inhibition of AChE pesticide dichlorvos. Emphasis was on finding possible experimental conditions for the creation of the automated procedure to measure the AChE activity, which was based on auto-injector and pumps of Gilson, together with a 735 programme for the definition of the working configuration, preparation of measurement scripts and implementation of application methods.
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Arrow poisons, their us in toxicology and medicine
BÁRTOVÁ, Lucie
Abstract The introduction of physiologically and therapeutically effective drugs in anaesthetic treatment has meant a significant change. Their discovery has thus contributed to a minimisation of their negative effects on a living organism. As a result, anaesthesiology has become more controllable and safer. These new drugs translate into more comfort for the patient in the course of anaesthesiology as well as his or her rapid recovery resulting in a shorter period of hospitalisation. The research of new physiologically and therapeutically effective substances is a pre-requisition of a potential higher standard of medical care. Older substances, e.g. Alkuronium and Gallamin, which, due to their undesirable effects, have come out of use, have lost their significance. Nowadays, these substances have been generally replaced by substances with an intermedial effect, e.g. Rokuronium and Cisatrakurium, which, compared with Alkuronium and Gallamin, show a minimum of undesirable effects. One of the foremost objectives of the current pharmaceutical research is to find a replacement of Sukcinylcholin, which, in spite of its known side effects, has had a non-substitutable position in urgent intubation. As a result, its use is limited to out-patient application and a certain selection of patient categories. Let us hope that we shall see a replacement of Sukcinylcholin being introduced in treatment in the near future. This would mean a final solution of problems arising from its side effects limiting its scope of application.
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Isolation and chromosomal localization of acetylcholinesterase genes in the codling moth, \kur{Cydia pomonella}
SÝKOROVÁ, Miroslava
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera; Tortricoidea) is a major pest of pome fruitand walnut orchards in the world. Due to the intensive chemical control C. pomonella has developed a high resistance to various insecticides. One of the mechanisms of the resistance is acetylcholinesterase insensitivity to carbamates and organophosphates. The insensitivity is based on mutations in one of two genes for acetylcholinesterase. This study deals with testing a hypothesis suggesting that one gene coding for acetylcholinesterase in the codling moth was translocated to the Z sex chromosome. The hypothesis has been latersupported by sex-linked inheritance of insecticide resistance in a related species, Grapholita molesta, and also by a large size of sex hromosomes in the codling moth.
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