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Range load in the casualty department
SEMECKÁ, Barbora
This bachelor´s thesis looks at the range load in the casualty department. The nursing care is focused on working with people, especially with the sick and is highly demanding, both physically and mentally. When working as a nurse, it is required to be professional and also have the ability of dealing with the unexpected and difficult situations. The knowledge of nursing care and the specific care in the injury area are also very important aspects. Nurses hold a position of responsibility and other people rely on them, they have to be responsible and accountable for their own decisions and actions as well as the results of their work have to be flawless. Another very important point is the mutual collaboration between nurses and local doctors, because just with the mutual help effective and quality care can be achieved.Two aims have been established in this thesis. The first aim: To map out the range of the nursing load in the casualty department. The second aim: To find out if nurses feel more physical or mental stress. Two research questions have been posed. The first research question: What is the nursing load in the casualty department? The second research question: Do nurses in the casualty department perceive more the physical or mental load? The practical part of this bachelor thesis involves the result of the qualitative research investigation. The results have been obtained through a semi-structured interview, which had been realized with the help of nurses who work in the casualty department in the South Bohemian region. In total twelve nurses have been spoken to. All the informations was completely anonymous and all of the respondents had the chance to reject being part of this interview. This interview, which has been made in advance, contained 21 questions in general. The basic identification date have been abducted at the beginning.
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Injuries caused by an animal in the pre-hospital emergency care and subsequent outpatient care
VOTRUBOVÁ, Kateřina
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the various types of injuries from animals in prehosptial emergency care and their subsequent treatment in outpatient clinics. The theoretical section includes the summary of possible predicaments, which various animals cause. It discusses anaphylactic reaction to insect stings and furthermore the poisoning by snake venom, which in the Czech Republic primarily concerns the common viper (otherwise known as the common adder). The next chapter deals with the illnesses caused by cats, specifically cat scratch disease (lymphadenopathy) and toxoplasmosis with acute childbirth. The acute condition caused by dog bites and rabies belong to the next section of the thesis. In the conclusion a brief summary of injuries is mentioned, which are a threat during the handling of domestic animals, where the thesis focuses on the polytraumatized patient, fractures and cranio-cerebral injuries. The practical section was carried out on two qualitative levels in the Central Bohemian Region in connection with the Region of the Capital City, Prague and the Southern Bohemian Region. The first of these was the verification of knowledge of paramedics about injuries caused by animals through a knowledge test, comprising of ten questions. These questionnaires were always filled in my presence. In total 40 knowledge tests were distributed, of which 38 were returned completed. The return rate was thus 95%. The second section determined the differences in outpatient care in the individual regions. It was carried out through managed interviews with outpatient medical doctors from the surgical and internal medicine departments, a traumatologist, general practitioner and paediatrician. In total, eight medical doctors were approached. Furthermore an identical questionnaire was given to all these medical doctors. The research was carried out from November 2013 to April 2014. The aim of this thesis is to ascertain the knowledge about these injuries of paramedics in the Central Bohemian Region in connection with Region of the Capital City, Prague and the Southern Bohemian Region and compare them. Furthermore, it intends to find the difference in outpatient care of patients in the same territorial units injured in this way. Three research questions were asked, specifically to the mid-level health services personnel, whether paramedics have the correct knowledge about this issue and whether their knowledge varied in the regions. Regarding the second aim, the question asked was whether outpatient care of injured patients varied in the relevant regions.
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The role of a nurse in prevention of injuries with women patients with osteoporosis aiming at women in menopause
ŽAMBOCHOVÁ, Pavla
Injury rate among seniors has been increasing rapidly in the Czech Republic recently. Women in menopause with osteoporosis diagnosed form a large group. These are so called low-energy injuries, which are closely linked to increased mortality among old people. This issue is not only related to healthcare, but also to social and economic spheres. Proper education in prevention of injury occurrence in women with this diagnosis is one of the key means leading to reduction of the number of osteoporotic fractures. The Code of Ethics of the International Council of Nurses points out the obligation of a nurse to take responsibility in prevention sphere. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with characteristics of the menopause period, development of osteoporosis, the most frequent osteoporosis related injuries prevention, and an outline of social and economic impact of the injury rate. The practical part deals with a research performed on patients of the orthopaedic outpatient department of the Tábor Hospital. Six women with diagnosed osteoporosis in menopause were chosen. The main goal of the work was to find out what role a nurse from an orthopaedic outpatient department plays in prevention of injuries in women with osteoporosis, whether patients are aware of injury prevention possibilities, which form of provision of such information is best appreciated by the patients and whether the patients apply their knowledge of prevention to practice. A qualitative research in the form of non-standardized interview with open questions prepared in advance was performed. The interviews were conducted individually with each patient. A framework analysis based on the results from the interviews was performed and category groups formed. Processing of the results revealed that the information on prevention of injury in osteoporosis provided to the patients by the orthopaedic outpatient department was poor. Nurses are involved in this prevention activity just marginally or not at all. Complex identification of the problem might be the topic of further research. It might be necessary to find out whether insufficient time, poor knowledge of the problem or indifferent attitude to the problem is the reason. On the other hand only some of the patients apply their obtained knowledge to practice. We can however conclude from the interviews that provision of general information on prevention and the risks of injuries might inspire women to modification of their present way of life. Organization of group lectures with the possibility to obtain printed complex data of this society-wide problem seems to be a suitable form of providing information.
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The cooperation between the nurse and the patient in a trauma surgery
SEMÉNKOVÁ, Vladana
Subject: This work finds out about the cooperation from the viewpoint of the nurse and from the viewpoint of the patient in a trauma surgery. Research group: The research group in the qualitative research consisted of 7 nurses who worked in trauma surgeries in Nemocnice Znojmo and in Nemocnice České Budějovice hospitals.In case of quantitative research, the research group consisted of patients who would visit the trauma surgeries in Nemocnice Znojmo and Nemocnice České Budějovice hospitals. The results: In the qualitative part of the research, I found out that the nurses come across with a wide range of injuries; most frequently with head injuries, various types of wounds and fractures. Different kinds of injuries require specific communication with the patient, and this is used by almost all of the respondents. In the subcategory of the arrival of the patient at the clinic, the nurses act in different ways; they usually greet and welcome the patient; then the results differ some nurses address and identify the patient, find out about the patient's condition, they lead him / her into the surgery, they help him / her to sit or lie down, other prepare him / her for the examination or treatment, if necessary calm him / her down or they instruct him / her and explain everything. Apart from different types of injuries, the nurse comes across with different types of patients. The patients are often aggressive, under the influence of drugs, anxious, depressed, narcissistic, but also quiet and balanced. A problematic patient may mean different things for different nurses, but usually it is an aggressive and drunk patient. Nonverbal communication is often used in the surgery. The most frequent element of mimics is a smile, and of haptics are a caress and giving a hand.The family is an important part; the nurses engage the family via the phone, by education, explanation, instruction, giving information and interview. Education is in progress with the patients themselves as well. This ranges from how to take care of the plaster or the orthosis, how to prevent the thrombosis, how to keep healthy lifestyle and use the rehabilitation aids. Less frequent, but not less important, is the education concerning pains. The patients may cooperate by following the recommendations, understanding and concentration, patience, the patients' will to make a change. Bad cooperation may occur if the patients are impatient, they do not follow the recommendations, or they are unapproachable. Longer waiting time may also be a problem.Nurses usually set the priorities by themselves, sometimes with the assistance of the doctor. The main aim is the contentment of the patient, well done work, correct treatment of the patient and a good working team. Nurses' competences also include expert skills such as rebandaging, plastering, punctures, assisting the doctors and patients, education, applying the aids, taking care of the instruments, sending to an examination, care after the operation, making reservations to further appointments.The nurse leads the patients into the surgery, but in most cases she does not introduce herself. According to the results, the nurses maintain eye contact and listen to the patient. The nurses expressed themselves, according to the respondents, in a simple and intelligible way. Many nurses were really interested in the patient and his / her problems. They acted in a very pleasant way the whole time and said good bye when the patient was leaving. Conclusions: According to both types of the research I can say that the cooperation is very good on both sides.
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Technical level playgrounds and incidence of injuries incurred on these facilities.
JELÍNKOVÁ, Vlasta
The aim of the thesis ?Technical level of playgrounds and the injuries rate at these places? is to assess the overall condition of facilities and equipment located there and to analyse their safety for children using selected methods. The first part of the thesis focuses on a description of selected terms and introduction of child injuries depending on technical conditions and a state of playing equipment, then on an introduction of requirements of technical standards for design of playing equipment and appropriate safety of an impact attenuating surface and on regulations on cleanliness and hygiene of playgrounds. In the second part, I have analysed the current state of playgrounds at selected locations depending on injuries. For the field work, I had prepared forms ? a questionnaire (annex no. 1) and a check-playground report for entering the findings (annex no. 2). This form is based on standards ČSN EN 1176 and ČSN EN 1177 concerning equipment and surfaces on the playground. From acquired information, I have evaluated the safety level of playgrounds and defects and deficiencies of the equipment. The form contains 20 criteria, 15 of them are concerned with safety and accident prevention on the playing equipment. Five questions focus on cleanliness, hygiene and public awareness. Fulfillment of all 20 points is essential for evaluation - the playground is safe. Failing in any of hygienic criteria, the playground is qualified as safe under reservation. Failing to satisfy one of the 15 criteria according to the ČSN standard, the playground cannot be qualified as safe. I have analysed ten playgrounds in locations of Trhové Sviny, Ledenice and Jílovice. After the survey and forms evaluation, I found that the condition of playgrounds is not up to standards and seven playgrounds do not match the criteria. The biggest problem I found regards a surface where the impact attenuating surface is not deep enough. Technical design of playing equipment is fine, especially with the new equipment. The older ones are under reservation. Other defects are particularly in area drainage, they were found with six playgrounds. The suggested solution to these shortcomings is to use special suitable materials (special rubber and elastic mats) and sufficient depth of sand or gravel. You also need to ensure a sufficient drainage. I would also recommend that keepers should ensure the investigation in order to select the proper game equipment according to the age groups at particular playgrounds. The proposed method of removing defects should be used for the local keepers as a methodology for prevention of child injuries and thus to the reduction in the cost of subsequent treatment.
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Risk plan related to injury prevention of the clients of St. Elisabeth's Nursing Home
MYSLIVCOVÁ, Markéta
Injuries represent a serious and often discussed topic of health and social matters, particularly within the numerous and growing population aged over 65. Vulnerability and fragility of elderly persons makes them a risk group. The purpose of this bachelor's thesis is to present a comprehensive view at the causes, relations and factors that can lead to an injury of an elderly person. Based on survey of risk factors it is possible to draft ways of prevention and thereby contribute to limiting the consequences that are usually permanent or even fatal. By integrating the theoretical and research parts of the thesis, the facts from relevant literature are compared to information obtained within practical research using qualitative methods: data analysis, observation and interviews. The results acquired in Domov Svate Alzbety reveal very concordant fact to those described in scientific literature. The result of this thesis is a confirmation of the necessity to introduce new strategic approach to prevention. The modern concept of health and social care highlights a complex perspective towards the elderly. Therefore a risk plan is understood to be an efficient factor of prevention of injuries which respects the functional abilities and all bio-psycho-social possibilities of the client.
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Psychosocial Impacts of Injuries in Children
DUDOVÁ, Monika
Accidents are widespread society problem concerning all age groups of population at present. In children, they are even the main cause of mortality. Injury is the main cause of death, hospitalization and disability in children over 1 year of age in the Czech Republic and it represents a serious health, economic and social problem. Traffic accidents, intentional self-harm and drowning are the leading causes of fatal injuries among children aged 0?19 years in the Czech Republic. Traffic accidents cause the most serious long-term injuries of children aged 0?19 years. Most child injuries happen at home, nearhome, in school, and while playing sports. Injury mortality rates among boys are significantly higher than among girls. Abstract part focuces on person characteristic with handicap, explains term Family, Difficult life-time situation. It aims at evaluating the impact of acquired physical disabilities on children?s lives and their families, and also on the awareness of patients and their families about subsequent care options. Furthermore, the thesis calls attention to gaps and sequencing in the healing and therapeutic process and insufficient interaction among individual components of complex rehabilitation in practice. The empirical section, which uses qualitative research methods, focuses on the sample consisting of five children with acquired physical disabilities and their families. The core of this section includes analysis of semi-structured interviews with children and their family members.
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Description of dental injuries in adolescent boys in micro České Budějovice and design of health educational material.
ČAPKOVÁ, Martina
Stomatology is a medical specialization which deals with prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries of orofacial system. If we want to have clean and healthy teeth without ache, gingivitis and other problems, we have to take care of our teeth properly. To do so effectivly, we need to have konwledge of tooth structure and development. Dentists meet tooth injuries very often, nowadays dental traumatology is considered as a specific stomatology specialization. Even separate international conventions are organizaed to discuss with this topic. Prothetic dentistry deals with tooth replacement in such cases when teeth are demaged by dental caries, injury or other reasons. By using prothetics it is possible to replace individual tooth, its part or groups of missing teeth and even complete all teeth into entirely toothless jaw. Today´s trend is leading towards to usage of fixed replacements, which are considered as the best solution from both views, esthetic and functional. Theoretical part deals with tooth anatomy, individual injuries, their diangnosis and treatment, esthetic solutions after tooth injuries, dental hygiene and first aid when teeth injured. Pratical part presents reults of the most common tooth injuries, their causes, their impacts on human health and if injuries affect dental hygiene.
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Meeting needs a higher level in patients with injury at acute care beds
ROUBÍČKOVÁ, Radka
Human need is a manifestation of a certain deficiency the removal of which is desirable. An injury disrupts the usual way of a person´s life, changing daily routines and reducing regular activities. A nurse working in the department where patients with injuries are hospitalized should have sufficient knowledge on the subject, must show patients her understanding and a personal interest in them as individuals. The first objective of study was to determine whether patients with injuries in acute care beds are met higher needs. The second objective was to compare the satisfaction of higher level needs in hospitalized patients with injuries in acute care beds by age and sex. The third objective was to determine the knowledge of nurses of higher human needs, and whether nurses are concerned about meeting needs in patients hospitalized with injuries. The survey was carried out quantitatively using the questionnaire method of data collection. Questionnaires were distributed to 55 nurses working in surgical departments of České Budějovice Hospital, plc, and Tábor Hospital, plc, and to 60 patients hospitalized with injuries in surgical departments of the same hospitals. The results of the quantitative research were evaluated using graphs. In accordance with the study objectives, the following hypotheses were stated: Hypothesis 1 Patients hospitalized with injuries in acute care beds show a need for meeting higher level needs. This hypothesis has been confirmed. Hypothesis 2 Nurses are concerned about meeting higher level needs of patients hospitalized with injuries in acute care beds. The hypothesis has been confirmed. Hypothesis 3 Women hospitalized with injuries in acute care beds have a greater need for meeting higher level needs than men. This hypothesis has been confirmed. Hypothesis 4 Elderly patients have a greater need for meeting higher level needs than younger patients. This hypothesis has been refuted. The findings obtained by the research could be used as information for the middle management of the hospitals departments where the research took place and the creation of educational material for nurses working there because it is important to learn more about the needs of patients in order to facilitate and improve meeting their needs.
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