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Motivation of pediatric nursing students for the pediatric nursing profession
HRABOVSKÁ, Alžběta
The theoretical part of the thesis was divided into two parts: the first one introduces the field of pediatric nursing, the second one focuses on motivation. In the first chapter which is relates to pediatric nursing, the history of pediatrics is described, the concept of pediatrics role of pediatric nurse, pediatric nursing education, competencies and scope of pediatric nursing is explained. In the second chapter, which concerns motivation, the concept of motivation, sources of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, need and motive, motivation to learn and to work are described.The aim of this study was to investigate students' motivation to study paediatric nursing and to find out whether paediatric nursing students' preferences for practice in the future profession of paediatric nursing change during their studies. Quantitative research methodology was emloyed for the empirical segment of the thesis, where data collection was conducted throught self-constructed questionnaire. The questionnaire survey was conducted at selected universities with a Pediatric Nursing program. The schools participating in the research are the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of the South Bohemian University, the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Ostrava and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine. The research population for the research data consisted of 96 respondents.The quantitative results showed the following. The first hypothesis, that the greatest motivating factor for the profession of pediatric nurse is a positive relationship with children, was not confirmed. According to the graph, the strongest motivating factor for studying pediatric nursing is the response of helping children, which was converted with a score of 3.9 on the scoring scale. A positive relationship with children was converted to a score of 3.8. Job security was converted to a score of 3.5. Job prestige was converted to a score of 3.1 on the scoring scale. The least motivating factor (compared to the other responses) is financial reward, which was converted to a score of 2.6. The second hypothesis, that preferences for practice in the future profession of pediatric nursing vary with the length of study, was not supported. The third hypothesis, that preferences for practice in the future profession of pediatric nursing change depending on the form of study, was not confirmed. The second and third hypotheses were tested by questions that were only addressed to second and third year students. The statistical chi-square test was used to test the validity of hypotheses H2 and H3. The null hypothesis was tested against the alternative hypothesis at a significance level of 5 %. The bachelor's thesis can provide a closer look at the motivation for studying for a future career as a pediatric nurse directly from the perspective of pediatric nursing students. It can also serve as feedback for faculty to determine if students are satisfied with their studies. The results of this work were presented at the SVOČ and will be shared with the participating faculty.
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Care for children with autism spectrum disorders in the home environment
FLORIÁNOVÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis deals with the care for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the home environment. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The historical development, classification, characteristics, etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and therapy of autism spectrum disorders are discussed in the theoretical part. The most important chapter of this theoretical part is family and care in the home environment. It describes a family and a child with ASD, as well as homesharing, needs, the role of the paediatric nurse in care and specifics in the area of self-care. The practical part and the objectives are focused on the specifics of care in the home environment, the needs of children with autism spectrum disorders and also how the paediatric nurse participates in the care. A qualitative research method was used to conduct the research using semi-structured interviews with eight mothers and two paediatric nurses. The interviews were recorded anonymously on a dictaphone and then transcribed into written form. The survey results were coded using the "pencil and paper" method, and nine categories and several subcategories were subsequently created. Specifically, the following categories were created: Diagnosis, Information Resources about Care, Care in the Home Environment, Homesharing, Reactions to Change and Strangers, Communication, Needs, Specifics of Care in the Home Environment and Paediatric Nurse and Care for a Child with ASD. The results are divided into well-arranged charts and diagrams The research showed that the care of children with ASD in the home environment is individual and often demanding. Mothers also reported that they were not satisfied with the information about home care because no one talked to them about this issue. The most common problem is self-care because most children with ASD need help with everything, whether it is dressing, eating, going to the toilet or hygiene. Another specificity in the care is hypersensitivity, for example to various colours, shapes or materials. Communication with these children is also very hard, as they communicate especially in a non-verbal or visual way through the use of special objects. Also the observance of rituals before sleeping or eating is very specific for children with ASD. The children with ASD have biological, social and psychological needs. In many cases, however, these children with ASD do not feel the biological needs, so their parents have to look after them. The paediatric nurses participate in the care by educating the parents and trying to support them in whatever is needed. If a child with ASD visits a General practitioner's surgery for children and adolescents or a dentist's surgery, the nurse should always try to respect the child's rituals.
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The effect of play therapy on the child's psychological well-being during hospitalization
ARBELOVSKÁ, Natálie
Current status: The course of hospitalization can be a very stressful situation for a child that he or she may not have encountered before. The child may experience fear of the unknown, loneliness and separation from peers. Play therapy is a therapeutic method that helps to ease the child's hospitalization. This play can be used as a tool and motivation for hospitalized children. The objective of this thesis is to map the effects of a hospital stay on the child's psyche. Another aim is to determine the effect of play therapy on the psychological well-being of the hospitalized child. Methodology: A qualitative research strategy was chosen for the research part. Semi-structured interview technique and observation technique were chosen for data collection. The sampled population that were interviewed, consisted of parents and their children who were admitted to a pediatric ward. The results: The result of the analysis of the responses to the research questions revealed, that the use of play therapy in the hospital has a significant positive effect on the psyche of the hospitalized child and on a better experience of the hospital environment. When examining the second objective, it was found that the majority of the children hospitalized in the pediatric ward did not show significant psychological sequelae due to their hospital stay, suggesting that this stay did not have a significant impact on their psychological state. Conclusion: The research investigation revealed that play therapy in hospital is an integral part of hospitalisation and helps children to relax and better experience their hospitalisation. It has a significant positive impact on their psyche. This bachelor thesis can serve as a study material for students dealing with this issue. Based on the results of the study, an educational leaflet "the use of play therapy in blood collection" was designed. The leaflet will serve, as an aid for nurses in the pediatric ward. Based on the results of the study, an educational plan "the use of play therapy during blood collection" was designed. The plan will serve as a tool for nurses in the children's ward.
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Children's wards nurses knowledge of taking care of intermediate-term vascular access devices
Müllerová, Julie ; Hromádková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Průšová, Kateřina (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is focused on mapping and researching the nurses knowledge of taking care of intermediate-term vascular access devices inserted to pediatric patients. The aim of the work was to find out, based on a questionnaire, the level of nurses knowledge of individual types of intermediate-term catheters and nursing procedures related to catheters. The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis includes pediatric anatomical specifics, general characteristics of vascular access devices, specifically described types of intermediate-term vascular access devices and nursing care of these catheters. The empirical part presents classified data in the form of overviews of tables and sectional charts, which are then compared with hypotheses based on age, length of practice, type of workplace and specialized competence of the respondent in the field of intensive care. The research methodology consisted in distributing a self-designed structured questionnaire in the form of a didactic test to nurses working in the children's wards of The University Hospital in Motol Faculty Hospital. The examined sample consisted of 76 respondents. Based on the questionnaire survey statistically significant difference was found in three particular items depending on the type of workplace of respondents in favor of...
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Nursing care of children with cleft lip and palate
PRÁŠKOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis deals with the nursing care of children witch cleft lip defects and palate. The prevalence of cleft defects has decreased thanks to modern prenatal diagnosis, but cleft palate and cleft lip are still at the top of the ranking among the most common congenital developmental defects. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part describes the anatomy and physiology of the oronasal region, prenatal care, classification of cleft lip and palate, history of treatment and current surgical treatment, nursing process and multidisciplinary care. In this bachelor thesis three objectives were set. The first objective was to determine the nutritional nursing care of children with cleft lip and palate defects. The second objective was to determine the nursing care after surgery for a child with cleft lip and palate defect. The third and final objective was to determine parental awareness of cleft lip and palate defect in their children. The research investigation of the bachelor thesis was conducted through qualitative research in the form of a case study. The case study includes a description of the situation, a description of the factors that caused the situation, a description of the procedures used and their impact on the resolution of the situation, and in particular an evaluation of the resolution of the situation and, where appropriate, suggestions for further action. The content structure became case studies: the characteristics of the client and his/her initial situation. To obtain this information, an analysis of medical records, nursing documentation, child observation and the nursing process was carried out to create a detailed nursing case history of children with the problem using the Nanda Taxonomy II. Based on the information obtained, we developer a nursing plan for two children with surgical correction of this defect. Categorization of the case study was done. According to the detailed analysis of the nursing case studies, we have created categories and subcategories, which are discussed and described in detail under each scheme. The research investigation was conducted in a specialized unit dedicated to the treatment of developmental defects of the lip and palate in pediatric patients. The research was conducted from February to mid-April 2023. Parents of children with cleft defects were interviewed to supplement the information. All of this information that was found is completely anonymous. The interview included a total of 23 pre-designed questions. Individual interviews were recorded on a mobile phone and then transcribed verbatim into Microsoft Word. Then, the parents´ interviews were analyzed and categorized using the pencil-paper method. Based on the research investigation, it was found that care is provided individually, according to the congenital defect in the lip and palate and the extent of its damage. This determines the timeliness of surgical treatment and associated nutrition. A detailed analysis of the nursing process and the creation of nursing diagnoses related to the specific patient with a congenital defect in the lip and palate region was performed. The research revealed that careful professional awareness of the parents was taken care of. Despite the fact that mothers reported sufficient awareness, some sought further information on the internet and/or in leaflets from the doctor. In terms of nursing care for children after surgery, these children are hospitalized as soon as possible after birth. These early surgeries are done for faster healing and from a psychological point of view. This bachelor thesis can be used in theoretical teaching in nursing process focused on surgical issues. In my opinion, this thesis could also be used to expand the awareness of cleft defects among health care professionals in practice.
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The role of the pediatric nurse in providing laboratory newborn screening
STEINBAUEROVÁ, Julie
This bachelor thesis focuses on the role of the pediatric nurse in newborn laboratory screening. The pediatric nurse has an indispensable role in the entire process, educating parents prior to collection, obtaining informed consent from parents prior to testing, preparing supplies, performing the actual collection, checking and preparing the collected specimens for shipment to the screening laboratory. Although the thesis is primarily focused on maternal education prior to collection and possible errors during collection that may negatively affect the results of the examination, the theoretical and practical part of the thesis also covers other topics related to newborn laboratory screening, not least the description of the methodology of the correct collection procedure and subsequent verification of knowledge of its principles in a research investigation with nurses. The first objective was to describe the process of maternal education by the pediatric nurse prior to collection. The second objective was to determine the knowledge of pediatric nurses about the negative impact of substandard blood collection on screening outcome. The research part of the study was based on qualitative research, using the interview method. Data collection was carried out using the technique of in-depth semi-structured interviews with nurses from neonatology departments of selected Prague hospitals. Data analysis was done by pencil paper method, then the results were divided into three categories and described in diagrams. The survey found that nurses perceive the language barrier as the biggest difficulty in educating mothers before delivery, but they have resources available to help them overcome this barrier in practice. It was also found that nurses are well informed and have sufficient knowledge about the principles of dry drop blood collection. The most common errors in collection were described by nurses as insufficient or incorrectly filled in targets on the filter paper and illegible data on the screening card. This work can be used to educate pediatric nurses, and recommendations for practice include focusing on non-pharmacological methods of procedural pain relief for newborns during collection and checking specimens before sending them to screening laboratories to avoid unnecessary repeat collections.
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Scale assessment in nursing process for children
BENEDIKTOVÁ, Anna
Introduction The nursing process is an integral part of quality nursing care in paediatrics. This process contains many individual components that can work together to create a whole that not only assists nurses, but also makes patients' hospital stays more enjoyable. One of the components is assessment and measurement scales. These can be focused on pain, consciousness, nutrition or fall risk. Objectives of the work The aim was to become familiar with assessment and measurement scales in paediatrics and to find out their application in the nursing process in selected paediatric wards. First, we investigated which assessment scales can be applied in the nursing process in children. This was followed by interviews in which we focused on the assessment scales used in the selected wards and how nurses view the use of assessment scales. Methodology The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, we searched the literature for assessment and measurement scales in paediatrics. In the second phase, we conducted closely interviews, which were conducted with nurses working in standard wards or in the ICU. The research investigation was developed by searching information from the literature and also using closely interviews with nurses in our selected wards. Data collection was conducted from January to June 2023. All interviews were recorded on a dictaphone and then transcribed into MS Word. The "pencil paper" method was used to analyse and code the data. Subsequently, the data was broken down into units, which were assigned appropriate codes and these were grouped into categories. These categories and subcategories were then worked into clear diagrams and described in detail. Results From the research we found that there are many scales for assessing pain, and not all can be applied to the same age. In addition, for each of the scales the correct tally or technique needs to be found and each is rated differently in the result. Nurses are familiar with the assessment scales they use on the wards and know what they are used for, but do not know their exact names, but rather a general one for the assessment issue. Most nurses spoke in general terms such as 'pain assessment', 'fall risk assessment', 'consciousness assessment'. Not all units use the same assessment techniques, nor do they all use the same assessment domains. Conclusion The results show that rating scales are an essential part of nursing documentation. So many assessment scales have been used that most wards are able to choose one that suits their particular issue and the department we selected did so. However, it is important to choose the right one with respect to the age and psychomotor development of the child. This bachelor's thesis can be used in the theoretical and practical part of teaching in Paediatric Nursing. The assessment techniques can be used in professional practice in the respective departments or we can offer a pain assessment scale that we have devised. It could assist nurses in diagnosing and determining the degree of pain in all ages.
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Specifics of nursing care in children hospitalized with infectious disease
KŮSOVÁ, Marie
The bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of nursing care for children hospitalized with infectious disease. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and research parts. The theoretical part deals with infectious diseases in childhood, specifically infectious diseases of the digestive and respiratory tract, infectious exanthematous disease and infections affecting the CNS. It also deals with the specifics of nursing care for children with these diseases and their needs during hospitalization. It describes the transmission and agents of infectious diseases, as well as the prevention of infectious diseases in children, specifically the barrier regimen. The research section focuses on the specifics of nursing care and the most common nursing problems in children with infectious disease. The aim of this part was to identify and describe the specifics of nursing care in children hospitalized with infectious disease. A qualitative form of research inquiry was used to conduct the research through semi-structured interviews with ten participants. Nurses from the children's ward were deliberately selected for the research investigation. The questions were directed at specific systems that are discussed in the theoretical part of this thesis. The research investigation was completed after theoretical data saturation. Further, it was then categorized using the open coding method, specifically the pencil and paper method. Based on this coding, several categories and sub-categories were constructed. From the research, it was found that nurses know the specifics of nursing care for children with infectious disease. Nurses can describe the barrier nursing care procedure, but not all nurses follow this procedure. Nurses are able to list and describe the most commonly encountered nursing problems in infectious diseases.
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Competences of nurses caring for pediatric patients in the surgery of practitioner for children and adolescents
TATEROVÁ, Kateřina
The work of a nurse in a general practitioner's office for children and adolescents is very diverse. The nurse is primarily involved in primary care, which is a set of activities related to health promotion, prevention, investigation, treatment, rehabilitation and, last but not least, nursing. Her other responsibilities include monitoring and evaluating the child's psychomotor development, thus creating a stimulating environment for healthy development. In the course of her work, the nurse takes on the role of administrator, care coordinator, educator, nurse, team player, organizer and above all communicator. The first objective of this study was to determine the competencies of nurses working in a general practitioner's office for children and adolescents. The second aim was to find out the attitude of nurses towards increasing their competencies in caring for paediatric patients in a general practitioner's office for children and adolescents. The third aim was to find out what barriers nurses perceive in the application of their competencies in the paediatric and adolescent practice. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis was prepared using a qualitative research method. We used the questionnaire method and the semi-structured interview technique to collect data. The research population consisted of ten nurses working in general practitioner's offices for children and adolescents from the South Bohemia region with different lengths of experience. After transcribing the interviews with the respondents verbatim, we analyzed the results using the open coding method of pencil and paper, where we established seven categories: Workload of nurses, Professional competencies, Increasing nurses' competencies, Adding competencies, Barriers to the application of new competencies, Performing tasks not falling within competencies, Education. The results are summarized in the individual tables and diagrams in the empirical part of this thesis. The survey shows that the most frequently used professional competences of nurses in the general practitioner's office for children and adolescents are vaccinations, checking physiological functions and taking biological material. Nurses' attitudes towards increasing their competencies were predominantly positive. Only two respondents indicated that they would not add any new competencies. The new competencies that the respondents would welcome are sampling and swabs without a doctor's office, administration, basic physical examination, prescribing chronic medications, diabetes education, and wound healing education. The barriers perceived by nurses to exercising their competencies with the pediatric and adolescent general practitioner included limited office hours, overflow patients, and the physician. The remaining seven respondents answered that they did not perceive any barriers. We believe that this bachelor thesis could serve as an overview of the interest of nurses to increase their competencies and as a study material for health professionals and the general public for orientation in the given issue, as well as an overview of the workload of nurses working in the general practitioner's office for children and adolescents.
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Primary care from the point of view of a pediatric nurse working at a general practitioner for children and adolescents
TLAČILOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor's thesis deals with primary care from the perspective of a pediatric nurse working in a general practitioner for children and adolescents. Our aim was to find out the specifics of the work of primary care nurses and their collaboration with parents of children during preventive checkups.The theoretical part focuses on the definition of the term primary care in pediatrics, regular preventive checkups, the job description of the primary care nurse, and educational and communication skills. Our aim was to find out the specifics of the work of primary care nurses and their collaboration with parents of children during preventive checkups. The practical part was developed in the form of a qualitative investigation using a semi-structured interview technique with non-medical staff in a general practitioner's office for children and adolescents
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