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Pragmatic Markers in Spanish, Types and Frequency
HARTVICHOVÁ, Iva
The objective of this thesis is to examine which types of pragmatic markers are represented in coloquial Spanish and establish the frequency they occur wiht in native and nonnative speakers. Further, a systematical description of ten most frequent markers in native and nonnative speakers is included and examples of their use based on the transcription are shown. The author bases her work mainly on linguistic studies focused on pragmatic markers and coloquial Spanish ? on the studies of José Portolés Lázaro and María Antonia Martín Zorraquino and Antonio Briz in particular. The author emanates from Lázaro and Zorraquino?s classification, characterists and use of pragmatic markers. The practical part focuses on the differences in use of pragmatic markers between native and nonnative speakers and examines the frequency and representation of particular types of markers in coloquial Spanish.
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The Czech word prý/prej: possibilities for functional and semantic differentiation
Hoffmannová, Jana ; Kolářová, I.
Ways of quoting, reproducing, paraphrasing the speech of somebody else or one´s own speech; prý as a neutral signal of quoting, as a modal particle signalling the speaker´s uncertainty, doubts, etc.of the quoted utterance; prý as a textual transition between direct and indirect speech. Data from Czech National Corpus enable to study combinations of prý with other modal particles, to analyze syntactic and stylistic distribution of prý (its specific functions in narratives, in press interviews, etc.).
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