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Non-energy Applications of Lignite
Majzlíková, Petra ; Maršálek, Roman (referee) ; Janoš, Pavel (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with various physical-chemical aspects of agricultural and environmental applications of the South Moravian lignite. The main attention was paid to the behavior of lignite in an aqueous environment and the application potential of lignite as a cheap, effective and universal sorbent. In the experimental part of the thesis, aqueous extracts of lignite were characterized in detail (by measurement of pH, conductivity, and by the qualitative and quantitative determination of inorganic constituents). The high sorption affinity towards polar (cationic dyes) and nonpolar compounds (petroleum products) was confirmed experimentally. At last, simple methods of the laboratory preparation of lignite granules was designed and optimized. The main aim of this part was to combine the unusual sorption properties of lignite with an improvement of the end-use properties of the product (user-friendly handling, controlled release of the lignite into the aqueous environment, etc.). The thesis represents a complex compilation of the results of pilot experiments which represent the starting point of detailed future works focused on the non-energetic application of this valuable natural material.
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Lightweight plasters of modified composition for final surface treatment of ETICS
Neubauerová, Alena ; Ševčík, Milan (referee) ; Bydžovský, Jiří (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the verification of the parameters of thin lightweight mineral plasters with modified composition. As alternative raw materials are used expanded perlite Vapex, calcined diatomite Celite and powder waste glass of fluorescent lamps. In the theoretical part is summarized knowledge from completed studies dealing with the issue of compensation porous filler component. In the experimental part is tested consistency of fresh mixture, physical-mechanical, sorption and thermal insulating characteristics. It is compared the appearance of the surface and summarized the results of measuring.
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Influence of changes in concrerte pore structure on actually durability of reinforced and pre-stressed structures.
Kovalčíková, Hana ; Adámek, Jiří (advisor)
This master thesis deals with a durability of concrete, which has become the centre of the interests of international scientific insitutes during the last years. The resistence of reinforced concrete depends on the covercrete which the aggresive liquids and gases penetrate through from the environment to reinforcement. According to the ability of the covercrete to penetrate degradative species is possible to tell the durability of concrete constructions. In experimental part we look for the actual state of covercrete, ordinary and high strength, by combination of various experiments. We can find here the test´s results of water and gas permeability and absorbability and sorption of concrete which complete the permeability tests. In final part the impact of different concrete types on durability of reinforced concrete is discussed.
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Sorption of metal ions mixture on natural lignite
Doskočil, Leoš ; Taraba, Boleslav (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
Sorption of quaternary metal ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+) was carried out on lignite from the South Moravia. Following experiments were tested: kinetic sorption, dependence of sorption on pH, initial concentration, temperature, effect of electrolytes (KNO3 and NaCl) and desorption in deionized water. Sorption studies was carried out in quaternary mixtures and in the case of inicial concentration effect additional in a single-component solution. The batch sorption experiments was used. Sorption time was 24 hour, although concentration of ions was a near equilibrium after two hour. As the optimal pH was determined pH 5. The order of affinity by lignite was obtained Pb >> Cd > Zn > Cu for the sorption of metals in the single-component solution and the order was Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd for the sorption of mixture of metals. The maximum adsorptium capacities from single solutions were for Pb 97,82 mg/g, Cd 60,34 mg/g, Zn 49,88 mg/g and Cu 30,28 mg/g and in the case of ones from mixture solutions were for Pb 39,03 mg/g, Cu 25,94 mg/g, Zn 15,21 mg/g and Cd 5,18 mg/g. Experimental data have been analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich model. Thermodynamic values H°, S° and G° were calculated. Desorption test showed that desorption efficiency is 0–3 %. NaCl had the greatest influence on sorption from electrolytes. On the basis obtained results we can say that metals are binding to lignite in particular due to chemical interactions. Lignite is s suitable as a sorption material for metal ions especially in the field of low concentrations.
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Study on sorption of inorganic nutrients on lignite
Vahala, Jan ; Klučáková, Martina (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
Although lignit represents a valuable chemical substrate, it has been utilized mostly as a fuel in energetic industry. This application is not cost-effective at all and provides a negative ecological impact. Therefore, this bachelor thesis focuses on sorption properties of lignite utilizable in its alternative, mostly agricultural applications. Experimental part of the work deals with sorption and desorption of model inorganic nutrients (nitrates and phosphates as main components of standard inorganic fertilizers). Results of the experiments provides closer view on an application potential of lignite as a carrier of these nutrients or as an organic supplement to traditional NPK agricultural fertilizers.
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Humic substances - colloidal transport system of plant nutrients
Hudlíková, Iva ; Pospíšilová, Ľubica (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
The thesis deals with humic substances as major components of soil organic carbon during nutrients transport to plants root system. Literature research is focused on humic substances, adsorbing complex and transport of soil substances to plants. The experimental part of the work concentrates on interaction of humic acid with nitrates. A part of the work was humic acid characterization, and determination of titratable acidity and acidity COOH values.
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Determination of eutrophication potential of particles in rivers and waterbody sediments
JAN, Jiří
Extraction solutions were assessed to find the most appropriate method for characterisation of particles in the context of release or uptake phosphorus in non-calcareous regions. Advantages and limitations of methods for determination of different phosphorus (P) forms and its important binding components iron and aluminium (hydr)oxides, were pointed out. Characterisations of these forms, that show highly different behaviour under changing environmental conditions, were used for the assessment of particles saturation with respect to P. Sorption/desorption behaviour of soil particles susceptible to erosion and their content of plant available P was tested. Strong correlation, which is dependent on P saturation ratio, was used to propose a method for the determination of soil erosion impact to supply dissolved P in stream waters of variable dissolved P concentration.
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Sorbents for Phenol Removal from Contaminated Waters
Papežová, Barbora ; Hanika, Jiří ; Matějková, Martina ; Šolcová, Olga
Nowadays, contamination of underground and surface water by various pollutants is serious environmental problem. Phenol and phenolic compounds belong to the most common organic pollutants. Huge sources of contamination are industrial waste waters (from chemical, rubber, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and other industry), which are necessary to purify. Various techniques (oxidation, enzymatic purification, sorption, photocatalysis, or their combination) are used for water treatment. This study is focused on suitable technique for phenolic compounds removal from contaminated waters.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22014092610400 - PDF
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Sorption of Contaminants from Waters afterUunderground Coal Gasification
Matějková, Martina ; Papežová, Barbora ; Soukup, Karel ; Šolcová, Olga
Wastewater from underground coal gasification (UCG) represents the potential source of contaminants. The UCG technology could be used in the un-mineable coal seams; hardly feasible by the modern classic mining technologies. Contaminated water arises during the gasification in the coal seam. The main group of pollutants in contaminated water from UCG are phenolic compounds. This study is focused on the decontamination of simulated as well as real contaminated waters by using sorption technique.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22014092610391 - PDF
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