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Women's knowledge of benefits and risks of hormonal contraception
NOVÁKOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis deals with finding the knowledge of girls and women on hormonal contraception, its benefits and risks. Contraception is the most common form of family planning in its negative sense. One of the most reliable methods of hormonal contraception, which currently has many forms and is distributed to a large number of manufacturers. Introductory, theoretical part is divided into several subsections, where the first is devoted to the history of contraception from antiquity to the present, and how gradually developed and perfected its methods. There are described the prerequisites for the selection of contraceptive methods, and one of the sections is focused to the evaluation of their reliability with Pearl index. Forms of contraception are initially divided into hormonal and non-hormonal. The non-hormonal methods are only briefly described its various forms, like natural, barrier, IUD and sterilization. There are mentioned some non-specific methods which have time to time found their followers. Hormonal contraception methods are deeply described. Progestogen contraception is divided for chapters about mini pills, depot injections, subcutaneous implants, as well as the beneficial effects of these forms and their potential risks. Another chapters are devoted to intrauterine system and postcoital contraception, again including their benefits and risks. Combined hormonal contraceptives, which is essentially the most frequently used method for protection against pregnancy is divided into individual subsections by the application method. These are the oral form, a transdermal patch and vaginal ring NuvaRing. Custom chapter is also devoted to the benefits and risks. At the end of the theoretical part describes the education that focuses on the lessons for girls and women about contraception from midwife.In the second part of the thesis was conducted by using qualitative research interviews. Prior to its launch were given three objectives (Objective 1: To determine the knowledge of girls 2nd year of Secondary Medical School about the benefits and risks of hormonal contraception. Objective 2: To determine knowledge about the benefits and risks of hormonal contraception in women of childbearing age who have already given birth. Objective 3: Compare the level of knowledge of hormonal contraception in girls 2nd year secondary nursing schools and in women of childbearing age who have already given birth.). To verify the research, qualitative questions were used, and data collection was carried out by using structured interviews. Interviews were conducted with eight female respondents, of which four were students of secondary medical school and four women in fertile age who have already given birth. The results were presented to chart and diagrams. In the next part, the discussion was led above the obtained results. The girls from the first group had a generally knowledge of both hormonal contraception and about its benefits and risks. Women in fertile age had a little more knowledge, but even so, there were several shortcomings in the responses, especially when taking into account of their experience. When comparing the two groups with each other in many ways are more informed respondents from the group of women after childbirth, but these differences are not so significant. In the end of the thesis the targets are evaluated. Since knowledge of girls and women on hormonal contraception, including its benefits and risks have been evaluated on generally only, there is need to intensify education on this topic. Particulary in sex education in secondary school or in gynaecological surgery by midwife. This will offer topics appropriate for some of the other surveys, such as mapping content of education girls and women about contraception from midwife.
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Woman's sence of life in the contemporary society with the orientation on motherhood and interruption
HRUŠKOVÁ, Martina
The dissertation deals with contemporary women's sence of life with a view to the sphere of motherhood and interruption. The dissertation is divided into two main parts. The theoretic part deals with possible understanding and creating of woman's sence of life, which can become the motherhood. But it can hit a lot of obstructions. These are mostly a long-time studies, a longing to build a career, feeling of being to young or worry about the partner relationship. A main role take contraceptive measures, which allow to plan a family or avoid it. In consequence of social changes was the attention aimed at the possibility of artificial termination of a pregnancy. The practical part tries to map the womens opinions on the position of a child in their life. On the basis of the above mentioned obstructions three spheres of research were defined - namely sence of life in connection with values, relationship to children, relationship between the motherhood and the career and relationship to mechanisms, wherby women refuse to have children.
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Trends in the Consumption of Combined Oral Contraception in the period 2007-2011
Vančurová, Markéta ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Vyhnánková, Magdalena (referee)
This thesis describes a methodology for expressing the consumption of drugs, a system of ATC/DDD, ATC classification and DDD recommended daily dose assigment. It also describes the data source which are relevant for this expression. In this thesis I will focuse on combined oral contraception and its consumption which I will express in DDD/1000inhab/day, number of packages and in financial expression in czech krones. At the end of this thesis I will evaluate the results of the consumption according State institute for drug control and my own survey.
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Primary Prevention of Sexuality and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Příbram Region
HROMÍŘOVÁ, Andrea
This bachelor thesis is called ?Primary Prevention of Sexuality and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Region of Příbram.? The aim of primary prevention is to prevent undesirable phenomena or first experience with them and to delay the first contact with them as late as possible. This prevention in primary schools is provided by school prevention methodologists who ensure appropriate activities for their pupils. Early initiation of sexual life is a major problem at present. Adolescents often feel physically mature, however, from the psychological point of view, they are not. They seek acquaintances and change them very often and thus, increase the risk of unwanted pregnancies and related abortions, the risk of infection by a sexually transmitted disease and other risks. The main objective of my thesis was to map primary prevention of sexual education and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in the region of Příbram. In the part of the thesis called ? The Current State? historical development of this issue, current paradigms, the general concept of prevention of sexuality, the target group of primary prevention, possibilities of contraception and sexually transmitted diseases are characterized. The data for my thesis were collected by quantitative research, by the method of questioning and by means of an anonymous questionnaire. The research sample was selected in two primary schools ? in a primary school in Příbram and in a rural primary school in the region of Příbram. The respondents were pupils from the ninth grade and were approached during their lessons and in my presence. Thus, the return of 100 % of questionnaires was ensured. The key fact, revealed by the research, is that the subject of sexual education is realized more in primary schools in the town of Příbram and it is not realized almost at all in the rural primary schools. In contrast, the fact that the participation of pupils in a prevention program that is realized outside the scope of the subject of sexual education and is focused on risky sexual behaviour is lower in the primary school of Příbram, compared to the rural primary schools of the region of Příbram. The results of my bachelor thesis can be used for further research and also for implementation of more effective primary prevention.
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The development of abortion in the Czech Republic and its international comparison.
Krausová, Alena ; Šimková, Martina (advisor) ; Šimpach, Ondřej (referee)
This work is focused on abortion and the factors influencing its development. Attitudes toward abortion are subjective but they can be influenced by religion or politics that are compressed by state. The major part of the work is devoted to comparing abortion among Romania, Spain and Sweden. The historical development of abortion is outlined in each country and the current legislative conditions for undergoing surgery too. Historical development in selected countries was affected by various factors. The development section is also attributed to two major demographic transitions. The analysis use different indicators and numbers of abortions are compared also in terms of total fertility rate, number of births and the mean age of women at childbirth.
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Singles phenomenon
Hanáček, Jonáš ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kozelský, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to introduce the concept of singles phenomenon, describe it in the context of its emergence in the past, describe the current situation and possible impacts and estimate how it could evolve in the future. The thesis is concentrated on the situation in the Czech Republic and comparison with Europe. The analysis mainly uses data from the Czech Statistical Office and Eurostat. Analysis is processed for data between 1989 and 2010. I have chosen demographic indicators that are in connection with singles phenomenon and factors that are responsible for development and I have demonstrated it by tables and graphs. At the end I summarized the main points of this thesis, added my own opinion and explained, why I think the demographic situation in the Czech Republic will change. I added a list of tables, graphs and a list of sources and bibliography.
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Teenagers´ knowledge about prevention of the risk sexual behaviour in Klatovy
JIŘÍKOVÁ, Petra
The diploma work deals with problems of the risk sexual behaviour of teenagers. The aim was to compare knowledge of teenagers about prevention of the risk sexual behaviour at the Secondary medical school and at the secondary schools without medical orientation. Quantitative research was put into practice for the purpose of the fulfilment of this aim. The method of the technique of interviewing and the standardized questionnaire were adopted and the data collection was realized with respondents from 4th classes of the selected secondary schools in Klatovy in 2007. It follows from the general evaluation that although respondents from the Secondary medical school have more knowledge about prevention of the risk sexual behaviour, at the present time negative characterizations of the sexual behaviour were found out. One of the problems is an area of the preventive impact in families and schools. The sex education of respondents from the secondary schools without medical orientation is completely insufficient. They are interested in it more at Secondary medical school but also here prevention is based only on giving information. We should lead teenagers to the restriction of the risk sexual behaviour not only by the influence of the area of knowledge but also of the area of their attitudes and skills. Next important role in prevention is played especially by the family and the school, which must work together, then out-of-school activities and doctors. Young people, who have clear aims in life, fixed individual values, communicate with their parents and are led in these important questions, have bigger strength to brave the pressure of people of the same age, advertisements and mass medias, which encourage them to the premature sexual life.
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Methods of family planning at Romany woman
ŠULCOVÁ, Iva
In this thesis, I addressed the issues of the Romany population, in particular family planning of Romany women. My thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and the other is practical. The first part dealt with the history of the Romany population, Romany customs, rituals, housing, family, children, etc. These phenomena were separately applied to the multicultural nursing model - a Giger-Davidhizar model. Due to globalization and population migration, I emphasized the need to use and apply the model of multicultural nursing as an integral part of nursing care. In the second part of my thesis, I carried out my research through semi-controlled interviews with five randomly selected Romany women aged between 20-40 years. Five objectives and related research questions were defined. All the objectives were met. Research question 1, whether Romany women are aware of family planning methods, was not answered definitely. Research question 2 shows that Romany women use family planning methods. Research question 3 resulted in the finding that Romany women use hormonal contraceptives in family planning. Research question 4 explained that Romany women do not find family planning important. The respondents replied to research question 5 ? what Romany women?s needs in primary care are ? in the sense that they do not have any specific requirements. My bachelor thesis can be used as a resource for midwives who want to learn about the problems of the Romany population and family planning, as well as for working midwives who would apply the knowledge in the field of multicultural nursing his their practice, recommend adequate contraception in primary prevention and educate Romany women on when, how and under what circumstances to start a family. The general public, especially young girls, who begin their sexual life, will find here an overview of all available and used methods of contraception.
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Education of a midwife on the use of contraceptive methods in women after childbirth.
FALÁŘOVÁ, Eva
At present, family planning and availability of contraception have become a part of life. Therefore midwives need to be educated in this area to be able to provide mothers after childbirth with quality information concerning this issue within nursing care. The main aim of this thesis was to identify the quality of midwives´ education regarding contraception after childbirth and to find out how midwives orient themselves in contraceptive methods that may be used in confinement and breastfeeding periods. Another objective was to determine whether mothers after childbirth are well informed about the choice of appropriate contraceptives, and whether a midwife has an important role in educating mothers about contraception after childbirth. Research questions and hypotheses to meet the aims were stated. To carry out this survey a qualitative research with the combination of a quantitative research was conducted. The qualitative research was carried out by an interview technique. Interviews were conducted with midwives in the department of gynecology and obstetrics in Strakonice hospital, Inc., with midwives from consulting rooms of gynecologists in Vodňany, Vimperk and České Budějovice and midwives providing field care in Strakonice, Tábor and Písek areas. The survey was conducted in March and April 2011. The quantitative research study was carried out in consulting rooms of gynecologists in Strakonice, Vodňany and České Budějovice. To find the answers the technique of an anonymous questionnaire with 30 questions was used. Respondents were women after childbirth coming to consulting rooms of gynecologists for a check up after the confinement period. The total number of respondents was 121 (100%). The survey was conducted in March and April 2011. The stated aims of the thesis were met. The qualitative research has shown that midwives orient themselves in methods of contraception. They apply this knowledge only when they see interest in mothers. Based on the quantitative research it is possible to set up two hypotheses. Hypothesis 1, which was confirmed: Mothers after childbirth are educated to take an appropriate choice of contraception after childbirth. Hypothesis 2, that was not confirmed: According to the interviewed mothers, a midwife does not have an important role in education on the selection of appropriate contraception after childbirth. In spite of the fact that education on family planning and contraception is a matter of midwives´ job, midwives do not have an important role in education concerning this issue. Key information is provided by a doctor. Therefore, based on findings and results of the research, an educational plan and educational standards for education of midwives in primary care were made up.
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Hygienic habits among girls in terms of prevention of inflammatory gynecological diseases.
KŘIVKOVÁ, Lucie
Inflammatory gynaecological disorders are one of the most frequent causes of a visit in the gynaecologist?s surgery. Origination of this intimate and unpleasant problem can be attributed to a number of factors. One of them may be the impact of incorrect hygienic habits. Every female adolescent should know how to prevent such disorders. This means to be acquainted with the correct hygiene of the secret parts of the body and the menstrual hygiene, the hygiene of clothing, the protection concerning sexual intercourse, and to be aware of the importance of prophylactic gynaecologic examination. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on inflammatory gynaecological disorders, prevention thereof and education of female adolescents concerning prevention. The practical part focuses on discovering the female adolescents´ knowledge of the correct hygiene and its importance for prevention of inflammatory gynaecological disorders at the selected secondary schools and vocational schools of the Region of South Bohemia. The research data were acquired by means of quantitative survey based on the use of questionnaires. The questionnaire was anonymous and intended for female adolescents of the 15-18 age group. The questionnaires were distributed at Stredni zdravotnicka a vyssi odborna skola (secondary school of nursing and college of nursing) to female students specializing in the field of Medical Assistance, at the Czech-Anglo High School, Soukroma stredni skola a jazykova skola s pravem Statni jazykove zkousky (private secondary school and language school with the right to organize the (Czech) state language examinations) to female students specializing in the field of Hair Stylist and Stredni skola obchodni (secondary school of business) to female students specializing in the field of Shop Assistant. One goal and four hypotheses were set. The goal was to discover the level of knowledge of the correct hygiene and its importance for prevention of inflammatory gynaecological disorders among female students of the selected secondary schools and vocational schools in the Region of South Bohemia. The set goal has been achieved. The only proven hypothesis was No. 2 saying: "The female adolescents know that promiscuity is a risk factor contributing to the occurrence of inflammatory gynaecological disorders". What has not been proven was the hypothesis that female adolescents know the principles of the correct hygiene of the secret parts of the body, the correct menstrual hygiene, and that female students at secondary medical schools have better knowledge in the area of hygiene than female students of the other secondary schools. This bachelor´s thesis could be used as educational and information material intended for secondary as well as college students. The information leaflet, which is the output of the thesis, can serve as information material for female students of secondary schools and secondary vocational schools.
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