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Setting up a unified methodology for hygiene, disinfection, and sterilization at UZ, RTG, CT, MR and AG departments.
HLOUŠEK, Jan
The presented bachelor´s thesis {\clq}qSetting up a unified methodology for hygiene, disinfection, and sterilization at UZ, RTG, CT, MR and AG departments`` focuses on an area closely relatedto the field of radiology. The hygiene of the radiology ward, disinfection, and sterilization are an inseparable part of the work of the radiological assistant. In my thesis I wanted to set up guidelines for newly established wards specializingin imaging methods in order to easily tackle this issue. Some of the findings of this work may be applied also at established wards, for instance for the broadening of the range of their action. The risk of contamination by nosocomial infections in medical facilities is very high, especially in radiology wards where various people with different infectious diseases come into contact with hospitalised patients and people treated at outpatient wards. Each imafing method has its specific requirements and various hygienic demands. The evolution of diagnostic methods, new technologies and materials prompts the growing of the quantity of invasive and diapeutic operations, which leads to substantially increased risks. Medical facilities are not safe places for patients. Approximately each eighth to ten patient is infected with a nosocomial infection during hospitalisation. This is why every radiological assistant should maximise the elimination of all hygienic and epidemiological risks related to the performance of his profession by strict adherence to hygienic standards. The motto of every medical professional at work should be {\clq}qPrimam non nocere`` {--} First, do no harm.
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Effect of \kur{Nosema apis} and \kur{Nosema ceranae} on colonyof bees
ANDERLOVÁ, Jana
The work is aimed at assessing the influence of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae on the hive. The literature contains only a limited degree of information about Nosema disease, which caused by both protozoa, that?s why the main aim of this work is to gather all available technical information from various sources, to compare and evaluate them. The result of evaluating the information gathered then is how this disease affects bee behavior, which has implications for breeding bees. The content of this work is first the general characteristics of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, their distribution, reproduction and development. A description Nosema disease, such as preventive and disinfecting measures to prezent it and how you can treat already established disease. The findings described by ptrotozoa Nosema apis imply that this protozoa is explored in the vast majority. Nosema ceranae is a recently discovered species and its research is not yet complete. Finally, the thesis summarizes the most important effects of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae on the hive. These factors include, fluctuating number of individuals in a hive, honey yields lower, in some cases death of the colony and it also changed the behavior of honey bees.
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Tuberculosis as a nursing problem
KUBEKOVÁ, Martina
Tuberculosis (TBC) is an infectious disease affecting mostly the respiration system. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), every year approximately eight million new cases of tuberculosis are reported and around two million people die of this disease. The Czech Republic ranks among the countries with the lowest annual incidence of tuberculosis. Patients suffering from tuberculosis are hospitalized in tuberculosis and respiration diseases (TRN) wards where they have to follow a certain medical regimen. They are hospitalized in isolated rooms, have to observe increased hand hygiene, use disposable tissues for coughing, spit the sputum into sputum containers, cover their month while coughing and use their own eating utensils and drinking glasses. In terms of comprehensive nursing care of tuberculosis patients, the problematic issue is observance of the barrier nursing care. While providing nursing care to a tuberculosis patient it is important that the nurse uses disposable protective aids and observes hand hygiene and disinfection principles. For these reasons the theoretical part includes the barrier nursing care, hygienic-epidemiologic techniques and principles of the medical regimen of tuberculosis patients. The research was qualitative and used interviews and monitoring. The research set were the patients and nurses in the TRN ward in Nemocnice Jihlava a.s. The objective of the thesis was to ascertain whether the TBC patients observe the medical regimen and whether the nurses observe the principles of the barrier nursing care of TBC patients. Two research issues were set in respect of the objectives. 1. Do the tuberculosis patients observe the medical regimen? 2. Do the nurses observe the principles of the barrier nursing care of tuberculosis patients? The research revealed that the monitored patients observed the medical regimen. The monitored nurses observed the barrier nursing care and hygienic-epidemiologic measures. Based on these results it can be stated that the nurses have both theoretical and practical knowledge in the area of the barrier nursing care and use the knowledge while providing nursing care to tuberculosis patients. Three hypotheses followed from the research. H1: The patients in the TRN ward observe the medical regimen. H2: The nurses know the principles of the barrier nursing technique. H3: The nurses observe the principles of the barrier nursing care. The results of the research will be provided to the nurse manager of the hospital of Jihlava and to the head nurse of the tuberculosis and respiration diseases ward of Nemocnice Jihlava a.s. as a source of information for continuous improvement of quality of the nursing care of tuberculosis patients in the tuberculosis and respiration diseases ward.
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Sophistication of population about origin of infection in tattoo and piercing saloons
RICHTROVÁ, Daniela
Tattoos and piercing are part of the mankind since time began. It is by no means a matter of new fashion. Until recently, tattoos and piercing was attributed to a fringe group of the population. Today, this body art is influenced by the fashion industry and music. However, during the application of tattoos and piercing, infection or blood-borne diseases can be transmitted. It is an activity in which the integrity of human skin is damaged. Therefore, in my diploma paper I deal with the issue of informedness about the risks of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours. The main objective was to find out about the level of informedness of students at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia (ZSF JU) about the presence of infection and the possible risk of its transmission at tattoo and piercing parlours. A secondary objective was to compare the level of knowledge of people with tattoos or body piercing and those without them. In this paper, the experience of ZSF JU students with tattoo and piercing parlours and the knowledge about blood-borne diseases were described. This diploma paper used a quantitative research, through the form of an anonymous questionnaire. The group of respondents consisted of students at ZSF JU. The paper presented three hypotheses and the research results bring the following evident conclusions: H1: The population is not sufficiently informed about the risk of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours. This hypothesis was refuted. H2: The informedness of the risk of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours is higher for people with tattoos or body piercing than for people without them. It was found out that the informedness of the risk of infection in both groups did not differ statistically. H3: People, when choosing a tattoo or piercing parlour, are rather interested in the price than in the quality. This hypothesis was not confirmed. The knowledge obtained can serve as an informative material for the prevention of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours.
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The care of a sickbed as a nursing problem.
PŘÍHONSKÁ, Lucie
Taking care of beds is part of nurses{\crq} everyday work. The way a bed looks influences the patient{\crq}s physical and mental state. Care of the bed involves its arrangement, exchanging used bed-linen and especially disinfection, which prevents the transfer of nosocomial infections. The objectives of the thesis was to survey the way nurses take care of beds, identify obstacles associated with the care of beds, and propose a basis for creating a standard care of beds. 3 research questions were set. Research question 1: How does the length of patients{\crq} stay on the bed depend on the frequency of its disinfection in practice? Research question 2: Do nurses consider the care of beds from the point of view of the work schedule or the patient{\crq}s comfort? Research question 3: What are the most frequent obstacles in the care of beds? The research was conducted by means of a structured observation, followed by a follow-up recording in the record sheet. An anonymous questioning was conducted to obtain results. 8 nurses present in the department took part in the observation and questioning in the course of research investigation. The research set consisted of nurses in the subsequent care of the CTM Hospital a.s. in Humpolec. The investigation results let us set hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: The overall disinfection of the bed is done after the patient is discharged from the hospital. Hypothesis 2: Nurses take care of beds according to work schedule. Hypothesis 3: An obstacle in the arrangement of the bed is the lack of clean bed-linen. The investigation results may be provided to the management of the department in which the investigation was conducted. They may result in an improvement of the care of beds. A proposal of the nursing standard of the care of beds was drawn up as the result of this investigation. This proposal may serve for unifying the care of beds in individual departments. Setting principles and the overall procedure in the care of beds.
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The Tolerance of Selected Species Fish Eggs to the Antifungal Baths
RAŠKA, Karel
The antifungal detergents Jodisol and Aquahum were tested on the fish eggs of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the sheatfish (Silurus glanis), the tench (Tinca tinca) and the common barbel (Barbus barbus). On the fish eggs of the African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) the detergents Aquahum and Primrose were tested. The fish eggs from artificial spawn were used for the experiments. These experiments were running under laboratory conditions. The bath length was 5 minutes. The fish eggs incubation proceeded on laboratory dish at average water temperature, which was for the carp 22.87 ? 1.38 (min. 20.5; max. 23.8) °C, for the sheatfish 24.03 ? 2.12 (min. 20.4; max. 25.5) °C, for the tench 20.40 ? 2.13 (min. 18.0; max. 22.5) °C, for the common barbel 16.8 ? 0.95 (min. 14.5; max. 18) °C, and for the African sharptooth catfish 22.50 ? 0.35 (min. 22.0; max. 23.0) °C. Using Jodisol the best hatching success for the common carp was achieved when the concentration was 1 ? 10 ml?l-1, for the sheatfish 1 ml?l-1, for the tench 20 ml?l-1, and for the common barbel 50 ml?l-1. Using Aquahum the best hatching success for the common carp was achieved when the concentration was 1 ml?l-1, for the sheatfish 0.1 ml?l-1, for the tench 2 ml?l-1, and for the common barbel 0.1 and 2 ml?l-1. The stable preparation Aquahum with concentration 0.05 ml?l-1 proved the best results for the sheatfish. The preparation Primrose used for the African sharptooth catfish proved the best results with concentration 0.0033 and 0.01 ml?l-1. The detergent Aquahum could be recommended for the baths of the common barbel and the common carp. Jodisol worked well for the tench and the sheatfish. The best detergent for the African sharptooth catfish was Primrose.
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Decontamination of devices in nursing practice
SMÍTKOVÁ, Šárka
Term ``decontamination{\crqq} is defined as a set of measures which constitutes killing or removal of microorganisms from the environment and items regardless of the degree of reduction of the germs quantity. Decontamination forms an integral part of nursing practice, preventing transfer and spread of infections. The qualitative research was conducted in the internal medicine ward of Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. by the method of a non-standardized interview, supplemented by structured observation. The research set comprised eight nurses. The interview consisted of 11 questions and the observation was divided into six units. Four objectives were set. Objective 1: to ascertain what devices are decontaminated in the nursing practice; objective 2: to ascertain who prepares solutions intended for decontamination of devices in the ward; objective 3: to ascertain in what manner decontamination of devices is conducted; and objective 4: to identify the most frequently used decontamination preparations. On the basis of these objectives the following research questions were raised: What devices are decontaminated in the internal medicine ward most frequently? How is preparation of decontamination solutions secured? How do nurses proceed in decontamination of devices? What preparations are used for decontamination? On the basis of the in-depth interview and observation it was ascertained that plastic devices are decontaminated in the ward, most frequent being urinals, bedpans, vomit bowls, working surfaces, tableware used by patients and surgical tools. The solutions intended for decontamination are prepared by nurses and sanitation staff following the recommended procedure but not observing exact dosing of the disinfectant. When decontaminating devices, the nurses use a two-stage decontamination procedure. The decontamination preparations most frequently used by the nurses are 0.5% Persteril and Presept tablets. The results of the research will be provided to the ward where the research was conducted. As an opportunity for improvement, I propose holding a session of a small group of nurses in order to interact on the topic of decontamination of devices and to repeat the principles stipulated in the hospital standard so that the nurses realize what mistakes they make and what consequences may follow from the mistakes both for them and their patients.
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Disinfecting fluid for urinary bladder catetrization as an nursing problem.
LINHARTOVÁ, Lucie
This Bachelor´s Thesis themed {\clqq}Disinfectant Solution in the Catheterization as a Nursing Problem`` concentrates both on urinary bladder catheterization and genitalia disinfection prior urinary bladder catheterization. Two objectives were set out for the Thesis. 1st objective: To find out if a recommended disinfectant solution for catheterization is used. 2nd objective: To find out how nurses ensure effectiveness of genitalia disinfection. A qualitative research was used to achieve the results, namely the method of structured observation of nurses and the method of non-standardized interviewing of observed nurses. A group of 10 nurses, working at the urology outpatient unit in the Hospital in České Budějovice and at the urology ward and the after-treatment physiotherapy unit in the Hospital in Pelhřimov, was observed. The research should contribute to the awareness of deficiencies in catheterization and the results should be used to formulate recommendations to be implemented in practice.
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Nozokomiální nákazy šířené pracovníky intenzivní péče nemocnice Liberec
MARCINKOVÁ, Helena
The topic of my thesis is Nosocomial infections spread by the personnel of intensive care unit in the hospital in Liberec. The main reason for the choice of this topic was my encounter with this infection when I worked as a nurse during my practical training course. Nosocomial infection can be defined as an infection originating from the encounter between a micro-organism and a patient. The patient can be weakened by his or her primary disorder and therapeutic interventions. This fact helps create an optimal environment for spreading the infection. Nosocomial infections occur only in specific conditions. They represent a problem which is necessary to solve. They affect on average 5 to 10 % of patients. If they are present in organism, the course of primary disorder can worsen and the permanent consequence or death may occur. They also bring adverse economic consequences because they require significant financial costs linked to treatment with prolonged stay in hospital. My thesis was divided into two parts-theoretical and practical. In both of them I tried to find answers to my questions (in form of hypotheses). In theoretical part I described the history of nosocomial infections, which is narrowly related to construction of hospitals; then I mapped the origin and spread of nosocomial infections and also their laboratory diagnostics, treatment and prevention. In practical part I devoted myself to research which is focused on evaluation of level of sanitary washing in medical personnel in intensive care units, and also on personnel ´s knowledge of nosocomial infections by means of questionnaires. I evaluated eighty questionnaires, which were distributed in the hospital in Liberec. The questionnaires were also filled in by students of nursing subject at university in Liberec. These students perform their practical training in the hospital in Liberec. The results of research show that sanitary washing of medical personnel in intensive care unit is adequate and their knowledge of nosocomial infections is average. The knowledge of students is average, too. The research proves that sanitary washing is not an adequate prevention of nosocomial infections.
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Possibilities of use technical disinfection of water in fish farming
BROŽ, Pavel
Disinfection of water in fish farming is becoming increasingly important. For these measures, there are different ways of water treatment. The aim was to evaluate selected water treatment facilities in terms of economic performance. This work compares UV sterilizers and ozonizers on the basis of their technical parameters and market prices.
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