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Treatment-rehabilitation procedure in a patient after cardiac surgery
TŮMOVÁ, Jitka
The main aim of this bachelor´s thesis is to describe the treatment-rehabilitation procedure of patients after cardiac surgery complicated by stroke. In the theoretical part, I describe cardiac surgery in general, operative approaches, complications related to cardiac surgery, including stroke. I also focus on the rehabilitation of patients after heart surgery in a hospital facility. The second half of the theoretical part is dedicated ischemic and haemorrhagic strokes, symptoms, methods of treatment. At the very end, the thesis is dedicated to the rehabilitation of patients after a stroke. The practical part is processed in the form of qualitative research. In this part, I describe the medical rehabilitation procedure of two probands. The practical part is processed in the form of qualitative research. In this part, I describe the medical rehabilitation procedure of two probands.
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Physiotherapy of patients after a stroke in the home environment
NOVÁKOVÁ, Šárka
The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a review study. The theoretical part is described in three chapters. The first chapter of the theoretical part deals with stroke. It also describes epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical picture, diagnostics and treatment of stroke. It also dedicated to the consequences and prevention of stroke. The second chapter is devoted to coordinated rehabilitation, which is crucial in the care of stroke patients. This chapter further describes the multidisciplinary team and its work, institutions providing physiotherapy, patient care and medical rehabilitation of stroke patients, and physiotherapy methods used in the treatment of stroke survivors. The third chapter of the theoretical part describes the return of patients to their home environment and includes a sub-chapter where set of recommendations for patients and their families is made. For the review study, 20 researches were selected and result tables were created from them. In these tables it is possible to find a description of the physiotherapy techniques used in studies, the members of the multidisciplinary team in the home environment, the characteristics of the research group, the frequency of physiotherapy and a note containing the topic of the article.
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Operational management in stroke patients
VYHLIDAL, Jan
The bachelor's thesis is concerned with the operation management and management in patients with a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (stroke). It deals with stroke diagnosing and the subsequent stroke patients routing to a target medical facility. The theoretical part covers the general anatomy of arterial blood supply to the brain and the stroke origin pathophysiology, it also includes the assessment protocol concerning the pre - hospital diagnosis and emergent medical care of the patients. Moreover, this part covers specific guidelines for patients' routing to specialized medical centres in the South Bohemian Region. The investigation part is based on the qualitative survey using the method of semi-structured interviews with two target groups of respondents asked eight identical questions. The research sample is constituted by the employees of the South Bohemian Emergency Medical Service, the first group enrolling the operators of the Emergency Medical Centre, the second one the paramedics. The obtained data are analyzed and subsequently evaluated. The first goal is to map the operation management and management in stroke patients, and the second goal is to find out what is the paramedics' experience with stroke-diagnosed patients transport by the Emergency Medical Service and the subsequent routing the patients to a medical facility.
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Prehospital treatment of patients with stroke
MACKOVÁ, Zuzana
The topic of this bachelor thesis was Prehospital treatment of patients with stroke. The theoretical part of the work dealt with the issue of stroke from the beginning of the symptoms to the diagnosis and treatment of the patient by a paramedic in prehospital emergency care. The work also includes standard conditions for the subsequent directing of the patient to a specialized medical facility and the difference between the Complex Cerebrovascular Center and the Stroke Center. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis, three goals and three research questions were set. The first goal was to map the theoretical knowledge of paramedics concerning stroke. The second goal was to map the procedure of paramedics taking treatment of a patient with a suspected stroke, and the third objective was to map the cooperation of paramedics and the Complex Cerebrovascular Center in České Budějovice. The practical part was performed using a qualitative method of semi-structured interview technique. The interview contained 22 questions. The researched group consisted of 10 paramedics from individual regional centers of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region. The results of the research were divided into 11 categories and processed into tables for better clarity. The results of the research succeeded in both, meeting the objectives of the work and answering the research questions. It was found that paramedics have sufficient and current theoretical knowledge in the field, and no major shortcomings were found. The cooperation of paramedics with the Complex Cerebrovascular Center in České Budějovice is also evaluated very positively. The research has shown that, to make an improvement, paramedics should be more consistent in measuring blood glucose levels, obtaining electrocardiographic recordings, and choosing the right venous cannula size.
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Changes in lower limb muscle aktivity during walking in hemiparetics after application of botulinum toxin
RICHTROVÁ, Eliška
This bachelor thesis deals with influence of botulinum toxin and for walking in hemiparetic patient (spastic hemiparesis after stroke). In the theoretical part, the problem of stroke an one of the very common diseases that cause central hemiparesis is approached from the beginning. Further, spasticity and its treatment are described here. The last part deals with the issue of hemiparetic gait and its rehabilitation. The main goal of the work was to record possible changes in gait parameters during the application of botulinum toxin A, which is applied every 3 months. The research involved 2 probands from regional spasticity center of the Hospital of Czech Budweis a.s., with central hemiparesis after stroke. They underwent entrance (2-3 weeks after application botulinum toxin) and exit examinations (1-2 weeks before application botulinum toxin), which consisted of kinesiological examination, examination of spastic paresis hip dysplasia according to the procedure J.M. Graciese, selected clinical gait tests (TUG, 2MWT), EMG examination and postural stability test (WBS). The whole measurements were performed to see, if any changes during the action of botulinum toxin could be objectifield, either clinically or by surface EMG. The obtained results were quite individual, bit despire a very small group of proband, it was possible to follow certain trends influence botulinum toxin. Surface electromyography has proven to be a suitable tool for monitoring muscle activity, but for future similar studies,will be need many more probands and repeat measurements to be include.
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Usage of MR screening sequences in stroke diagnosis
PAVLIŠTÍK, Daniel
The bachelor's thesis on the topic of the use of MR examination sequences in the diagnosis of acute strokes is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part generally describes the anatomy and pathological processes of the vascular supply to the brain. Stroke is undoubtedly one of the most common diseases, leading to death or serious damage. The incidence in the population has been increasing in recent years, not only in patients over 65 years of age, but also in people of working age. Furthermore, in the theoretical part we deal with the categorization of strokes and their clinical picture. The next chapter briefly describes the individual examination procedures for stroke with a more detailed description of imaging methods, especially computed tomography, CT angiography and CT perfusion. The next part of this thesis deals with magnetic resonance, which is another method used in the diagnosis of CMP, which is not used as often as CT. The advantage of this method is the sensitivity in the imaging of brain tissue and that this method doesn't use ionizing radiation. The disadvantages are the examination time, longer than with CT, and noise. The contraindication is mainly the presence of ferromagnetic material in the patient's body, pacemaker, cochlear implant. At the end of the theoretical part, we deal with the intervention of mechanical removal of thrombotic material, which is the cause of ischemia of brain tissue, prognosis and prevention of strokes. The research part processes data acquired from respondents who filled out a special questionnaire. The results of this work are summarized in the discussion and conclusion.
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The specifics of nursing care in a stroke patient in the context of acute care
FALADOVÁ, Martina
Acute care for patients with a stroke is constantly changing and developing to the best possible outcome of the health status of patients who have suffered. The patient is often affected suddenly and in full health. This work is focused on the specifics of acute care for a patient with a stroke in context of acute care. The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis contains basic information about stroke and the specifics of nursing care for patients with this desease. In the empirical part, the aim of the work was set, namely to map the specifics of nursing care for patients with stroke from the point of view of acute care. We decided on a qualitative form of research to satisfy the aim of the work. A combinations of semi - structured interview method and participatory covert observation was used to collect data. As a research group, we chose general, university-educated nurses and specialized nurses who work in hospital facilities. The interview and half of the covert observation were attended by general nurses who work in the anaesthesiology and resuscitation department, under which the cerebrovascular center is also provided. In the second half of the observations of patients moving to the intermediate bed of the neurolog department, where the following care was provided by other nurses. Data collection for the empirical part of the bachelor's thesis took place in February, then at the turn of April amd May after the end of the state of emergency in the Czech Republic. The results of the research show the role of general nurse, who treats patients with stroke in the acute and postacute phase, as well as the specifics of pre - hospital care in these patients. The use of the mentioned research methods helped us to compare the information provided by the interview nurses and the actions they took during the observation.
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Non-pharmacological procedures in the treatment of stroke - the role of nurse
PAZOUR, Petr
Cerebrovascular accidents have attracted the attention of physicians since ancient times. A stroke is a global problem and one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality, but also one of the causes of long-term disability. In recent years, a stroke has become an urgent condition. The division of stroke into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke has become common. In ischemic episodes, the effect of acute, follow-up and rehabilitation care in stroke centers has been demonstrated, as has revascularization therapy. Thanks to modern methods of treatment of stroke, we have moved forward. The aim of the thesis is to describe non-pharmacological procedures in the treatment of stroke and to emphasize their great importance in patient recovery process, their wide range allows some patients to return to normal life in whole or partly. In patients with higher disability, they help to improve their quality of life. An important part of the entire spectrum of care is a general nurse, who ensures continuous care of the patient both physically and mentally, an integral part of the nurse´s work is satisfying the basic needs of the patient. Qualitative research was chosen to achieve the goal, the research will be conducted through a semi-structured interview with non-medical health professionals (nurses) who care for patients after a stroke at the neurological department of the district hospital of the Vysočina region. From research shows that in the rearched department, non-medical staff know thein role in education, they consider the application of Fraxiparin, nutrition and self-care to be the most common area sof education. Among the most commonly used forms of education, non-medical staff ranks explanations and demonstrations. The output of the diploma thesis dealing with non-pharmacological procedures in the treatment of a stroke - the role of the nurse, should serve as an insight into the issue and point out the importance of prevention and the scope of non-pharmacological procedures.
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Education of a patient after stroke
ŠNOKHAUSOVÁ, Anna
Our bachelor thesis is called "Patient education after a stroke ". It deals with the educational process of a patient after a stroke. Our next focus point is an educational process of the nurses at the neurological department dealing with the after stroke patients. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis contains details about the stroke. For the research part, we set as the goal of the work to describe the education of patients after a stroke from the point of view of nurses. We have chosen qualitative research in the form of survey for reaching this goals. For data acquisition, we used a technique of a semi-structured interview with nurses at the neurology department in a South Bohemian hospital. The research group consists of general nurses, university educated nurses and specialized nurses, which all work at the hospital facility. Ten interviews were conducted during the research. Interview based research survey was carried out between February and March 2020. After finishing the aforementioned interviews and its processing in the Microsoft Word, the identification data of the interviewed nurses were created. Furthermore, using the MAXQDA 2020 software, the interviews were analysed using data categorization and subsequent coding. The analysis shows, that the nurses are involved in patient education. They use the technique of verbal education and practical exercises. The education of the patient is focused on his current health state, familiarizing the patient with the treatment options and subsequent care. A great benefit for the improvement of the patient's health is the cooperation of the family with the medical staff.
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Social Need and Their Saturation in the Treatment of Stroke
ČERVENKOVÁ, Eva
Medical staff should not forget on meeting the needs of the patients. Stroke is a disease that changes a person's role in society. When the disease occurs to the disruption of social needs, and this may worsen the course of treatment. Inadequate satisfaction of social needs in time of illness can lead to impaired adaptation of the patient to the society. Objectives: to Map the way in which the medical staff monitors and saturates the social needs of the patient after a stroke. Research question: How general nurses monitor the social needs of the patient after a stroke? What social needs are most often represented? How nurses help influence the saturation of these needs?
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