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Hodnocení a minimalizace negativních vlivů na zdraví a životní prostředí při nakládání s odpady ze zdravotnických zařízení: Rešerše současných přístupů a strategií v nakládání s odpady ze zdravotnických zařízení s ohledem na minimalizaci negativních vlivů na zdraví a životní prostředí
AQG s.r.o., Praha ; Státní zdravotní ústav, Centrum hygieny životního prostředí, odborná skupiny hygieny půdy a odpadů, Praha ; Polanský, Jaromír ; Honsová, Dagmar ; Seifertová, Eva ; Štěpánková, Martina ; Podolská, Zdena ; Melicherčík, Jan ; Matějů, Ladislava ; Zimová, Magdalena
Rešerše vychází z materiálů a zkušeností Světové zdravotnické organizace, dále jen WHO a Basilejské úmluvy. Vzhledem k tomu, že již používané publikace a materiály týkající se nakládání s odpady ve zdravotnických zařízeních v České republice tyto zkušenosti a přístupy respektují a jsou do nich již zapracovány (například v roce 2007 vypracované „Metodické doporučení MŽP k nakládání s odpady ze zdravotnictví“), soustředila se rešerše především na novinky a oblasti ještě ne zcela vyřešené, jako je například oblast dekontaminace odpadů, a na nové trendy v řešené problematice. Jmenované Metodické doporučení MŽP obsahuje základní pravidla a způsoby nakládání s odpady ve zdravotnických zařízeních.
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The methods and the ways of pets decontamination and handling in the emergency planning area within the possible emergence of radiation accident in nuclear facilities.
BENDOVÁ, Lenka
The thesis is focused on the mapping and the appraisal of current processes, using in the field of decontamination and the other manipulation with pets, in the emergency planning area within the possible emergence of radiation accident in nuclear facilities. There are meant animals which are kept like pets, not for farming. For nuclear facilities in our territory, collision plans are made, that contain methods, describing solution processes of radiation accident. The method of pet manipulation is solved only peripherally in these documents. Theoretical part of the thesis is oriented in pet problems in legislation and describes the bases of practical manipulation within the breeding and also the killing. There are described the precautions during the radiation accident, the undesirable effects of ionizing radiation on live organism and the basic techniques of decontamination. Practical part is focused on the data processing from contemporary valid rules and norms in this field and the description of precautions in the emergency planning area of the Nuclear Power Temelín in connection with protection and rescue of pets. The basic document, from which the applied process starts during the radiation accident in the emergency planning area of the Nuclear Power Temelín, is an external emergency plan. This document contains some concrete plans of activities, specifying these problems and that must be solved. These essential documents are important for this thesis ? the plans of iodine prophylaxis, the evacuation plan of individual person rescue, the decontamination and veterinary precautions. In the case of unsatisfactory finding of problems processing of pet handling, the proposal of possible methodology will be made in agreement with other Czech and foreign documents.
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Hodnocení a minimalizace negativních vlivů na zdraví a životní prostředí při nakládání s odpady ze zdravotnických zařízení
AQG s.r.o., Praha ; Státní zdravotní ústav, Praha ; Polanský, Jaromír ; Honsová, Dagmar ; Štěpánková, Martina ; Podolská, Zdena ; Melicherčík, Jan ; Matějů, Ladislava ; Zimová, Magdalena
Zpráva shrnuje průběh a výsledky projektu za celé realizační období v daných tematických okruzích: 1. Metodika šetření o množství a nakládání s odpady ve zdravotnictví, o ekonomických nákladech jednotlivých způsobů odstraňování odpadů ze zdravotnictví a jejich dopadu na zdraví lidí a složky životního prostředí 2. Metodika šetření o materiálovém složení nebezpečného odpadu ze zdravotnictví a kvantifikace jeho jednotlivých složek. 3. Metody hodnocení účinnosti dekontaminace odpadů - proběhla inventarizace dekontaminačních zařízení na území ČR. Jsou uvedeny závěry, doporučení a návrhy předpisů, které by upravovaly nakládání s OZZ.
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Hodnocení a minimalizace negativních vlivů na zdraví a životní prostředí při nakládání s odpady ze zdravotnických zařízení
AQG s.r.o., Praha ; Státní zdravotní ústav, Praha ; Polanský, Jaromír ; Ježová, Miloslava ; Štěpánková, Martina ; Podolská, Zdena ; Melicherčík, Jan ; Matějů, Ladislava ; Zimová, Magdalena
Projekt řešil tři tematické okruhy: 1. metodika šetření o množství a nakládání s odpady ve zdravotnictví, o ekonomických nákladech jednotlivých způsobů odstraňování odpadů ze zdravotnictví a jejich dopadu na zdraví lidí a složky životního prostředí -byla provedena analýza hodnocení produkce, způsobů nakládání, evidence a používání zařízení k odstraňování OZZ ve vybraných lokalitách se zaměřením n a zdravotnická zařízení, která nemají ohlašovací povinnost. Proběhlo zhodnocení nákladů na odstraňování odpadů dodavatelským způsobem, hodnocení nákladů na odstranění nebezpečných odpadů ve vlastních zařízeních a dopad provozu těchto zařízení na zdraví lidí a jednotlivé složky životního prostředí. 2. Metodika šetření o materiálovém složení nebezpečného odpadu ze zdravotnictví a kvantifikace jeho jednotlivých složek - bylo analyzováno množství materiálu nakupovaného a spotřebovaného ve vybraných oddělení nemocnic včetně podílu výrobků z PVC. 3. Metody hodnocení účinnosti dekontaminace odpadů - proběhla inventarizace dekontaminačních zařízení na území ČR. Byly ověřeny metody validace na zástupcích dekontaminačních zařízení. byly vypracovány metodiky pro nakládání s odpady pro různé druhy zdravotnických zařízení, pro nakládání s odpady v návaznosti na přepravu nebezpečných věcí a k hodnocení účinnosti dekontaminačních zařízení.
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Preparedness of the Integrated Rescue System of the Czech Republic during terroristic misuse of nerve agents
HON, Zdeněk
Using questionnaire enquiry, this diploma thesis tries to find out the level of knowledge of single members of basic rescue bodies involved in the Integrated Rescue System of the Czech Republic in the area of nerve agents and subsequently compare this knowledge of single basic bodies. Another aim, which is based on literature examination and information available, is to suggest an appropriate procedure for Integrated Rescue System action in case of misuse of nerve agents by terrorists. The suggested procedure of activities of bodies involved in the Integrated Rescue System could serve as an example for establishing a model plan of activities of bodies involved the Integrated Rescue System in case of events with suspicion of terrorist attack performed by nerve agents or other highly toxic chemical agents. A comprehensive overview on nerve agents could be used for deepening and broadening of knowledge of single Integrated Rescue System bodies. Although such a terrorist attack has not happened in the Czech Republic yet, it cannot be excluded that it will occur in the future. Hence it is very important so that the Integrated Rescue System is perfectly equipped both materially and technically, and single Integrated Rescue System bodies are trained and educated systematically. It is better to be theoretically and practically well prepared, and never to use this knowledge and skills than to improvise and rely on decision carried out only on the place of disaster.
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Mass extemporaneous decontamination of people in concrete stationary object.
LEVÝ, Leoš
This thesis consists of three main parts. In the first part, the general procedures and principles of decontamination, the decontamination substances and mixtures, as well as the technique that is used for decontamination, have been described. Next, the description of the decontamination of the first responders, as this part of the decontamination process has been given; it has been elaborated and checked in practice. In the second part, there is the drafted plan of the mass extemporaneous decontamination of people in the selected public facility, according to the general methods of decontamination. Next, there is the drafted documentation for resolving an extraordinary event: an accident with subsequent leakage of a dangerous chemical substance, resulting in the need to carry out the mass decontamination of people in selected public facilities. In the last part, I have discussed and compared the advantages and possible disadvantages of the selected object of for the implementation of mass decontamination of people. There is also a suggested way of how to carry out this decontamination in this object in the most efficient way. The processing of this documentation has clearly confirmed my hypothesis. The mass decontamination of people in the selected location, in this case specifically in the Domazlice Hostel and Swimming Pool, can be feasibly performed with an improvised method. After giving the specific supplemented data (the names of the personnel, the telephone numbers, places of storage material etc.), the suggested documentation is usable for the object in practice. The documentation can be also easily adapted to other similar public facilities.
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Protective Decontamination Measures Implemented by the Crews of the Fire and Rescue Protective Service of the Czech Republic. An Operation Aimed at a Highly Hazardous Infection.
IKAVCOVÁ, Hana
Decontamination performed by units of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic in interventions with a suspicion of a highly dangerous infection This bachelor thesis focuses on development of an overview of the employed technical means and methods of decontamination in interventions with a suspicion of a highly dangerous infection, performed by units of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. The inputs for the thesis consisted of the referenced literature and results of a questionnaire research of the equipment of the Fire Rescue Service units in the Czech Republic. Another objective of the thesis was to develop a draft List for the fire fighting units, called Type activities performed by components of the Integrated Rescue System in a common intervention with a suspicion of a highly dangerous infection.
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"Selected tasks of fire fighting units in protection of the population"
NOSEK, Martin
The objective of this bachelor thesis was to analyze tasks and activities of fire fighting units with a focus on activities in civil defense and protection of the population. The thesis also assessed preparedness and equipment of the fire fighting units. Using a questionnaire survey the thesis investigated the level of knowledge of commanders of voluntary fire brigades in municipalities in the field of civil defense and protection of the population. Recent experience from management of extraordinary events, particularly windstorms and floods, has shown the need to have well-prepared and organized teams available so that they can fulfill specific tasks in civil defense and protection of the population. The organized, but not completely prepared, teams include the voluntary fire brigades in the municipalities. In the introduction to the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis the author provides a historical overview of protection of the population in this country´s conditions, as well as identification of potential risks and extraordinary events which might occur. The thesis also lists types of fire fighting units and their categorization for blanket coverage. The thesis analyzes basic tasks of fire fighting units in the field of civil defense and protection of the population in agreement with Section (§) 30 of the Decree No.247/2001 Coll. For some of those tasks the thesis lists the equipment of professional units in the district of České Budějovice for their performance. At the end of the theoretical part the author analyzes the situation of voluntary fire brigades in the municipalities. The practical part investigated the level of knowledge of commanders of voluntary fire brigades in the municipalities by means of a questionnaire survey. In the discussion the author analyzed the individual questions from the questionnaire. The bachelor thesis concludes that it is necessary to further deepen the knowledge of members of voluntary fire brigades in the municipalities in the field of protection of the population, by means of periodic trainings. The conclusions of this thesis will be used by the Fire Rescue Brigade of the South Bohemian region in the training of commanders of voluntary fire brigades in the municipalities.
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External and internal contamination by radioactive substances (tutorial)
KUČEROVÁ, Lenka
The text concerns the creation of a complete education programme focussing on internal and external contamination by radioactive substances. The education programme is composed of several chapters explaining the given problem to the student. The first part of the text explains certain basic facts concerning ionizing radiation, radioactivity, and the quantities characterizing these phenomena. Further, the text explains the effects of ionizing radiation on the human body. The third section describes all sources and routes of contamination by radioactive substances, and historically important radiation events. Further, attention is paid to individual radionuclides and their behaviour in the body. The chapters entitled `internal and external contamination{\crq} deal with the issue and nature of these types of contamination, protection from the individual types of contamination, and subsequent measures in case they take place. The result is an education programme in the Moodle e-learning environment, which will serve as an education tool for students of the study field of Radiological Assistant and Protection of the Inhabitants at the College of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia. Simultaneously, it will ensure their better orientation in this subject, namely and especially through better availability of the prepared education material.
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