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Tradiční způsoby technologického zpracování ovoce z extenzivních výsadeb jako součást kulturního dědictví
Malenová, Daniela
This work deals with the most frequently used technological methods of fruit processing originating from extensive orchards. It describes the suitability of the use of these methods for individual cultivated fruit species in non-productive fruit growing. It partially maps harvest processors from extensive plantings and the availability of products on the market. One experimental part is devoted to laboratory evaluation of the content of basic nutritional indicators (vitamin C, dry matter, refractometric dry matter and pH value) of selected 11 old and regional varieties and the results are compared with the recommended methods of processing in literature. It was found that the stated uses of fruit correspond to the average measured values of the examined fruits. The second part of the experiment is devoted to a selected variety ´Jadernička moravská´ from 6 different localities, where differences were found, probably due to climatic, edaphic and orographic factors.
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Dynamic light scattering in the world of biomolecules
Križanová, Katarína ; Hofbauerová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Bednárová, Lucie (referee)
Title: Dynamic light scattering in the world of biomolecules Author: Katarína Križanová Department: Institute of Physics of Charles University Supervisor: RNDr. Kateřina Hofbauerová, Ph.D., Institute of Physics of Charles University Abstract: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) represents a non-destructive method which can determine the hydrodynamic radius of particles in a sample by laser scattering. Consequently, their real sizes can be calculated or, in the case of proteins, molecular masses can be estimated. DLS is nowadays widely used for the study of biomolecules and their reactions, as is documented in the thesis in a brief review. Our experimental work was focused on the measurement of proteins by DLS - lysozyme was used as a model protein. The laboratory protocol for sample preparation and DLS measurement was successfully optimized. In the framework of methodology optimization, the ability of correct detection of small particles was tested using sucrose. We came to the lowest limit of particle dimensions measurable by DLS using sucrose. We were able to observe the linear dependence of the measured hydrodynamic radius on sucrose concentration in the solution and we were also able to determine the hydrodynamic radius of sucrose correctly, in agreement with literature. We practically demonstrated the...
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Jakost vína ovlivněná sířením
Kostihová, Lucie
The diploma thesis “Quality of wine affected by sulphurization” is focused on problems related to sulphur dioxide and its influence on technological and sensory quality of wine. The theoretical part of the thesis briefly describes the production of wine, describes various forms of sulphur dioxide in wine and its bonds with various components of wine. There are also outlined ways of the sulphurizing wine, dosing as well as how sulphur dioxide can be reduced by other technologies or by substituting it with other substances. The practical part of the thesis then verifies the effect of sulphur dioxide to the content of acids, reducing sugars and alcohol in wine. The effect of sulphur dioxide to the colour intensity of selected varieties of white and red wines is investigated. The wine is then also reviewed sensory to evaluate the effects of sulphur dioxide to the quality of the wine comprehensively. The results show sulphur dioxide affects the colour intensity. If the wine contains more sulphur dioxide, the colour of the wine is lighter. This difference is more evident in red wines. Sulphur dioxide has no influence to parameters such as reducing sugars, alcohol and acids. Wines with lower content of sulphur dioxide are more sensory acceptable.
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Metody měření cukernatosti v potravinářství
Krišová, Hana
This bachelor thesis deals with methods by which it is possible to measure the sugar content in the food industry. It describes principles and procedures of selected methods and gauges suitable for these methods. Individual meters are explained on what physical principle they work on. In the next section, the described methods of measuring sugar content are applied to specific samples. Food processing operations have been selected where metering can be met. There is a procedure and description of measurement in practice. In conclusion, there are results from practical determination of sugar content of selected drinks.
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Consumption of fruits and vegetables among pupils of younger and older school age in Milovice
Hodonská, Eva ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis paper was to investigate the overall awareness of pupils from the 3rd - 5th grade from a selected primary school in Milovice. The secondary objectives monitored whether fruit and vegetables are a daily part of the target group's diet, at the same time whether the pupils actually eat fruit and vegetables received during recess and lunch breaks. Another research goal was to address the benefits of Fruit and Vegetables in schools project. The theoretical part is devoted to healthy nutrition. It describes the functions of the main nutrients, there is emphasis on accessory nutrients, especially on vitamins, fibers and antioxidants, which emphasizes the necessity of eating fruit and vegetables. Part of the theoretical part is also the issue of nutrition of children and the short discussion on the project Fruit and Vegetables in Schools. At the same time, a chapter on the digestive tract has been included, as it is here that digestion and absorption of substances from food occurs. Given the target group, the paper states the nutritional recommendations for citizens of the Czech Republic with a focus on school aged children. The aim of the practical part of this thesis was to map out the consumption of fruit and vegetables in the 3rd - 5th grade in accordance with the...
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Problems of added sugars in our population
Burdová, Lucie ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Pelcl, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the intake of the added sugars among the population of young adults, particularly among the adults in the group of 30 to 45 years of age. The theoretical part of this thesis provides a brief overview of the saccharides based on their chemical composition and elementary classification. The sugars and the natural as well as the synthetic sweeteners and their use in the food industry are then discussed in detail. The concepts of naturally occurring and added sugars are described including the related legislative requirements for food labeling and nutritional recommendations issued by the international and national institutions. The special attention is devoted to the role of sugars in nutrition and to the health risks arising from an excessive sugar intake. The research part of the thesis includes a survey carried out in the form of a questionnaire aiming to investigate, in particular, the consumption of the sweetened soft beverages, the fruit products and the breakfast cereals and to defend the hypothesis that the chosen group of the population consumes the added sugars in an excessive amount. The practical part embodies also an analysis of the weekly diet of eight persons of the given age category focused on the amount of the total sugar intake. Although the excessive...
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Dynamic light scattering in the world of biomolecules
Križanová, Katarína ; Hofbauerová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Bednárová, Lucie (referee)
Title: Dynamic light scattering in the world of biomolecules Author: Katarína Križanová Department: Institute of Physics of Charles University Supervisor: RNDr. Kateřina Hofbauerová, Ph.D., Institute of Physics of Charles University Abstract: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) represents a non-destructive method which can determine the hydrodynamic radius of particles in a sample by laser scattering. Consequently, their real sizes can be calculated or, in the case of proteins, molecular masses can be estimated. DLS is nowadays widely used for the study of biomolecules and their reactions, as is documented in the thesis in a brief review. Our experimental work was focused on the measurement of proteins by DLS - lysozyme was used as a model protein. The laboratory protocol for sample preparation and DLS measurement was successfully optimized. In the framework of methodology optimization, the ability of correct detection of small particles was tested using sucrose. We came to the lowest limit of particle dimensions measurable by DLS using sucrose. We were able to observe the linear dependence of the measured hydrodynamic radius on sucrose concentration in the solution and we were also able to determine the hydrodynamic radius of sucrose correctly, in agreement with literature. We practically demonstrated the...
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Determining the level of knowledge about proper nutrition at undergraduate students TV and sport
JANEČEK, Marek
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to determine the level of knowledge in the field of nutrition in students of physical education and sport and to determine the importance of knowledge about nutrition as part of the study of physical education and sport. The theoretical part contains information about health, healthy lifestyle, nutrition and nutrition in sport. In more detail, nutrition components such as proteins, fats, sugars, and vitamins are described. Here are also said the most common eating disorders, such as anorexia or bulimia and the most common alternative directions in the nutrition. The practical part deals detection of knowledge of students in the field of physical education and sport. The level of knowledge was detected by the research questionnaire method. Questionnaires were handed over to students during the lessons. The survey was attended by 73 students whose completed questionnaires were evaluated using graphs and tables. On the basic of detected the results, it was created an overview of the level of knowledge about good eating. From results show that a set of questions about the basic knowledge about healthy nutrition is at a very good level. It has also been shown that a group of issues relating to more advanced knowledge about healthy nutrition is at a sufficient level. The bachelor thesis could be further a contribution to creating the content of the subject of nutrition in sport.
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Experimental study of chemical evolution of biomolecules under early Earth conditions
Knížek, Antonín ; Ferus, Martin (advisor) ; Adam, Vojtěch (referee)
Origin of life is a still-enduring gap in human knowledge. This work is focused on revealing of several pieces of this puzzle. State of the art scenarios of biomolecules synthesis under prebiotic conditions are presented and discussed. This thesis presents our recent experiments suggesting a novel idea that neutral planetary atmosphere containing a mixture of neutral volcanic-type gasses (CO2, N2, H2O) can be converted over acidic mineral catalysts upon irradiation by a soft UV-radiation into a relatively reactive mixture of reducing gases (CH4, CO), which can be further reprocessed by high-energy chemistry. The resulting mixture (CH4, CO + N2) represents a common reducing atmosphere related e.g. to the chemistry of Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, as well as a possible representation of the secondary atmosphere of our planet. Also, photocatalytic reduction of CO2-rich atmosphere can explain the abiotic origin of methane on current Mars or other terrestrial planets. In our subsequent experiments, corresponding equimolar model mixture of CH4 : CO : N2 in presence of water vapour was subjected to reprocessing by high-power laser plasma simulating an asteroid impact - one of a series of impact events which the young Earth experienced during the first 600 million years of her history. Upon delivery...
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