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Education in the later age as a way to improve the quality of life and personal satisfaction
SUCHÁNKOVÁ, Ilona
Universities of the Third Age (U3A) serve a specific task in the area of education or if you like life-study. They are adherent to universities and open to wider public and its educational needs. They provide general, special-interest and non-professional education on university level. The history of an establishment of education of senior people in programs of the University of the Third Age in the Czech Republic starts in 1980{\crq}s. The first University of the Third Age was established at the Palacky University in Olomouc in 1987, other two at the Charles University in Prague and at the Faculty of Medicine in Pilsner. In 1992 U3A was established at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. The University of South Bohemia has been offering 33 educational programs, modules and courses to 1125 senior people. It provides them with the opportunity of further education, learning and use, it gives chance to implement interests, opens possibilities of new contacts, including intergenerational ones. The Bachelor{\crq}s Thesis presents a draft history of the University of the Third Age at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice in the period from 1992 to 2010. The Thesis specifies priorities of development in the time of implementation of comprehensive educational programs, interprets results of an assessment of attendants of the selected educational programs implemented in the academic year of 2009/2010. The offer of educational programs, modules and courses for the academic year 2009/2010 it documents in an appendix. The Bachelor{\crq}s Thesis and its results are available to students, research workers in the area of education of later age people as well as specialists community. Partial results of the Thesis were presented by the author at the ``Students specialist conference of the University of the Third Age at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice{\crqq} held on 27 May 2009, at the ``Generation 50plus`` conference with an international attendance held from 21 to 22 April 2009 and in the article called ``Offer of educational opportunities for active senior people of the University of the Third Age at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice in the academic year 2008/2009`` published in the Problems of the 50plus generation composite book 2009. It considers education in later age as a way to improvement of the quality of life of senior people and their personal satisfaction.
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Leisure activities in homes for the elderly in the city compared with the village
KUBIŠOVÁ, Barbora
A topic of this bachelor thesis is "Leisure activities in homes for the elderly in the city compared with the village". A theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is divided into three circuits, in the first one there are explained conceptions of an old age, ageing process and changes associated with it. The second circuit is devoted to a leisure time of the elderly and an introduction of possible activities. Last, but not least, there is mentioned a social work with seniors. A practical part is focused on achieving the defined objectives. The fist goal was to compare leisure activities in chosen homes for the elderly in cities and villages with the help of a secondary data analysis. Activity plans and their websites underwent the secondary data analysis in the chosen homes for the elderly. The second goal was to find out seniors´ satisfaction with provided leisure time activities. The satisfaction was measured through a questionnaire. The research showed that the seniors are satisfied with the leisure activities in all the chosen homes both in the cities and in the villages. Following hypotheses were established before an implementation of the research: Hypothesis No. 1: Leisure activities in homes for the elderly in cities are comparable with leisure activities in the homes for the elderly in the villages. This hypothesis was confirmed by the research. In all selected homes for the elderly there is an emphasis on leisure activities, all homes for the elderly hold similar (comparable) leisure activities for their clients. Hypothesis No. 2: There are no differences between an organization of leisure activities in the homes for the elderly in cities and villages, was not confirmed. The secondary analysis revealed that the homes for the elderly in the cities have more employees engaged in the leisure activities. Therefore they can devote more attention to immobile clients. Additionally there still come volunteers to those homes, who individually attend to the single clients of the homes. The thesis can be used by both by professionals and the general public to obtain information about leisure activities in the homes for the elderly in the cities and villages and a possibility to assess any differences in an offer of the leisure time activities.
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Expectations of senior citizens prior to and after the moving in the seniors houses
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Martina
In today´s society, there are an increasing number of seniors who are not conforming to changes, which come with ageing. They seek a help of social services either due to health problems, the loss of self-sufficiency, the incapability of taking self-care of themselves, or due to any difficulties of social status. Major changes of social services were initiated by the Act No. 108/2006 as amended and the consequent regulation No. 505/2006, which came into effect on January 1, 2007. The changes are based on new approach to social services, their forms, categories and given conditions. The Act has also introduced a new welfare, which is intended to support additional care either at home, or in convalescent homes. According to the abovementioned act, the retirement homes provide accommodation to seniors with reduced self-sufficiency caused by age that need regular assistance of another person. Basic services provided in the retirement persons homes are: accommodation, meals, gathering, help with daily self-care and personal hygiene, socializing, social-therapeutic activities and legal aid with individual rights, lawful requirements and arrangement of personal matters. The objective of this thesis is to define the problem of old age and senescence, psychical and social alterations of seniors, their needs and changes in communication. The thesis also deals with the adaptation to aging and stress caused by entering a retirement home. The survey for this study was carried out in the retirement home at Horní Planá (Czech Republic). A half of its occupants were interviewed to learn how they made their decision to stay there, the way of adaptation and general satisfaction with services. The conclusions of this study are to be aimed particularly to needs of the retirement home at Horní Planá as to improve the quality of provided services.
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Sleep disturbances in old age.
VÁLOVÁ, Hana
The topics of the thesis are sleep disturbances concerning old age. Sleep is the basic human need, accompanying our life from pre-natal period to death. It is a natural and essential part of our life; it is of cardinal importance for the comfort of each human being. It is a necessary condition for keeping and maintaining physical and psychical health. The absence of sleep leads to serious disturbances. The sleep and its need are individual; it develops in the course of life, but gradually the number of sleep disturbances increases. In opposition to traditional opinions that an old person needs less sleep, it was found out that the total need of sleep does not change much. The observations proved that some old people sleep more than in their young age. In the theoretical part, sleep, its significance, the need of sleep, particular phases and factors influencing it are defined. Further, the disturbances of sleep, their causes, division and treatment are described. It deals with the sleep of the elderly and the role of a nurse supporting and making good quality sleep during the nursing process. Three objectives were stated. The first was to find out sleep habits of the elderly hospitalized in the Hospital Písek, Inc., the second mapped the disturbances of sleep in the clients-the elderly in the Hospital Písek, Inc. The third found out whether the hospitalized clients-the elderly have good conditions for the inducing of sleep. Three hypotheses were stated. The first: ``Clients have sleep habits``. The second supposed that: ``The most frequents sleep disturbances in clients-the elderly is the early waking up. The third hypothesis: ``Clients-the elderly have good conditions for the inducing of sleep``. Quantitative research was chosen to reach the objectives of the thesis and proving the hypotheses. The data collection was carried out by the method of a questionnaire on clients-the elderly in in-patient wards in the Hospital Písek, Inc. After the elaboration of the research part and following assessment it was found out that the first hypothesis-the presence of sleep habits, and the third hypothesis-good conditions for the inducing of sleep, were proved, but the second hypothesis-early waking up, was disproved. Although the results of the research are relatively optimistic, it is surely important to devote further attention to the problems of sleep disturbances in the elderly because sleep is not that natural and obvious for many of them. The person who does not sleep has not enough power, energy and is not able to manage routine daily activities or resist some illnesses. Problems appear in the individual with sleep disturbances and also in the people who are in contact with this individual.
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Opportunistic parasites in patients of geriatric facilities
ČERNÁ, Lenka
The main aim of this work has been the screening of opportunistic intestinal parasites in old people. The older persons may be vulnerable by opportunistic parasites due to the aging of the immune system. Stool samples were collected from patients of different age and sex in a geriatric facility and from the elderly who live in their homes. Light and fluorescent microscopy and molecular diagnostics (PCR) were used as the diagnostic methods. A sedimentation concentration method (M.I.F.C.) was used for the detection of protists, cysts and helmint eggs or larvae and the staining method Miláček et. Vítovec for the detection of cryptosporidia. Staining with calcofuor served for the detection of microsporidial spores. PCR was used for identification of microsporidia species in the stool samples. Only mammalian microsporidia Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Enterocytozoon bienusi were detected in the stool samples. Prevalence of microsporidia in patients of a geriatric facility was 8,3 % and in the second group 18 %. Most positive samples (33%) were in the age category 47 {--} 60 years.
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Old Age as a Phenomenon of Disadvantaged and Suppression of Human Rights and Needs of Women
HOLÁ, Michaela
The method of secondary analysis of data was used in the theoretical part of my diploma thesis. I analysed literary and electronic sources in the way that the result represents the completed view on the old age with its many haracteristic changes, and the view on the life of seniors in their background (in family or an istitution). Consequently, I focused on human rights and needs and their possible suppression in senior population. The main theme of this thesis represents the maltreatment of seniors and ageisms. The practical part is focused on information and their obtaining with the help of a qualitative method. I used the method of interviewing, the technique of half-directed conversation. These were provided by the women at the age of 70-80. The women left the Hospital of České Budějovice maximally 10 days before the interview. The questions looked like the interview with instruction. Five more conrete hypothesis were cretated as a result of the analysis of gained data.
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Evaluation motor activities at senior in the home enviroment and in constitutional care in East Czech lokality
OLIVOVÁ, Leona
This thesis deals with today's trends in aging, health and physical activity. It deals with aging, its manifestation and impact ond human organism, especially considering senior population. The aim of this work is to stress out the importance of activity and of changing of habits of seniors. This work also wants to compare the activities of seniors in their home and in institutional housing in Eastern-Bohemian region. The data was aquired by quatitative research methods, by questioning. Data was collected using questionairy, by controlled interview; it was made for people over 70 years old, living in home and in retirement homes. Basic set was made from seniors (men and women) living in Eastern-Bohemian region. The sets were 100 randomly picked seniors from retirement homes and 100 randomly picked seniors living in home environment. The hypothesis, that was successfully confirmed is stated thus: Seniors are more active in their home environment. Senior living in their home were more active in sports (biking, hiking, walks, swimming) as well as in things concerning house-keeping (heating, cooking, doing the washing). They were more in touch with their family members and did activities with them. Altogether, these seniors were happier. Care for domestic animals also helps with their psyche. Seniors living in retirement homes showed great interest in RHB excercises and free-time activities conducted by the facility. As for the activity itself, retirement home seniors showed a lot less activity. This fact is due to their lifestyle in the retirement home and due to their health. By this work, I would like to address the distinction between these two groups of senior people, not only regarding activity.
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The population age structure of South Bohemia and the concept of social care for older people
BARTKOVÁ, Veronika
The present work deals with the population age structure of South Bohemia in the years 1991 to 2007, with main focus on people over 65 years. In the introduction deals with the objectives and assumptions of work, literature searching and processing methodology. Other chapters deal with the analysis of population age structure and analysis of current capacity in social care for older people, specifically in homes for the elderly. It will identify areas with higher rates of the elderly population. The central part of the work is its own projection of population development of the South Bohemian Region and its districts until 2057, focusing on older people. The last chapter is devoted to forecast capacity needs of care facilities for older people in the medium term. Work is completed on the cartographic output, tables and graphs.
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Ageism- discrimination on the basis of age
STAŇKOVÁ, Dana
This work deals with ageism or age discrimination, so the theme that has become very topical because of increasing longevity. Age is an integral part of our life, this life stage is as important, such as childhood or adolescence, and that is why is necessary this term of life feel and don´t ignore the needs. The theoretical part deals with aspects related to age, so demography, old age and ageing process, factors influencing old age, ageism itself, its sources and possible solutions. In conclucion the family, its solidarity and conflict in intergenerational relationships. The practical part i´m trying to find out the opinion of today's seniors to old age and stereotypes associated with it and ageism. The selective method was a form of interviews with 5 seniors living either at home or retirement home, their ages move around from 66 to 84 years. The result is an analysis of their answers to questions about old age and compared with findings in the theoretical part.
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Quality of Life of seniors and Analysis their Satisfaction with Services in Český Krumlov.
HUSÁR, Imrich
The thesis is focused on the quality of life of seniors living in a retirement house with a day care service "Za Soudem" in Český Krumlov and analyzing their content with all provided services. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is based on an analysis of specialized literature and verified internet sources. It mainly deals with topics of aging and old age, with terms as health and sickness and the theoretical definition of quality of life. The practical part consists of the arranging and subsequent application of the intervention program. For data resourcing was used a qualitative research with methods of structured interview with open questions, a structured questionnaire entitled "The Social Health of the seniors" and involved (participatory) observation. The research aims to examine the quality of life of seniors in above mentioned facility, to find out seniors' satisfaction with the services provided to them in this facility and also whether the intervention program has positive benefits for seniors. The results show that seniors are satisfied with their quality of life, in most cases they are satisfied with the services provided and the applied intervention program had a positive response in the elderly.
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