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Effect of milk yield on selected indicators of reproduction in Holstein cattle
HUBÁČEK, Tomáš
Cattle husbandry is the most difficult branch of agriculture and economics. There are two main reasons that affect economy of dairy cattle: milk utility and reproduction. The aim of every stockbreeder is the highest milk production and also good reproduction indicators. This bachelor work was aimed at analysis of selected reproduction indicators about milk utility of Holstein cattle. The analysis was done in the company PRIMA AGRI a.s. Data were analysed from 1st October 2013 to 30th September 2014. There were analysed 270 dairy cows with closed lactation. There were observed these indications: milk utility, rank of lactation, age of first calving, length of service period, length of the inter-calving interval and causes of elimination from breeding program. Influence of milk utility on the length of service period was statistically important only in a group of the dairy cows with utility 6000 - 8000 kg milk (p < 0,05). There was no statistically important difference in the length of service period in other groups. There was statistically important difference in the length of the inter-calving interval in the groups of the dairy cows with utility 6000 - 8000 kg milk and utility more than 10000 kg milk (p < 0,001). The length of the inter-calving interval was longer in a group of dairy cows with utility 8000 - 10000 kg milk (p < 0,01). Rank of lactation influences milk utility of all groups of dairy cows (p < 0,001). There was no statistically important effect of age at first calving. Effect of rank of calving on the length of service period was statistically important in second (p < 0,05) and third lactation (p < 0,001). Effect of rank of lactation on the length of the inter-calving interval was statistically important in second and fourth and higher lactation (p < 0,01). There was 8 days shorter length of the inter-calving interval in a group of the dairy cows in third lactation (p < 0,001). Average number of eliminated dairy cows was 33,04 %. The most frequent reason of dairy cows elimination were other healthy reasons - 51 % of culling cows.
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Comparison of cattle milking machine technology.
ZAJÍC, David
The bachelor thesis is focused on comparing the technology of mechanical milking cattle. This thesis deals with the development and overview of techniques and technologies used in milking cattle. Moreover, we have analyzed each of the technologies. The aim of this thesis is to realize an economic analysis of each technology. To conclude, it was found that for dairy cattle breeders is very interesting technology milking robots. This technology will limit the number of workers and the introduction of capital-intensive milking system ensures the potential profitability, economic effect, returns and, last but not least, the increasing demands on the physiology of dairy cows.
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Influence of different factors for milk production
FUKSOVÁ, Eliška
The purpose of this bachelor´s thesis was feeding system of dairy cows. It describes and regards level of nutrition at given farm, where Holstein dairy cows are breeding. On the basis o observation and obtained data were regard nutrition. Total mixed ration and the obtained data about nutrients were compared with data in the professional literature. There was describe and regard feeding technique at farm and results of milk production given cows was regard with the national average. Bachelor´s thesis revealed deficiencies in the feeding system and it was highlighted about them. Main problem was great content of nitrogenous substanced in diet. There is any phase feeding for lactating cows. This study suggested improvement for reasonable nutrition by phase of lactation. It reduced costs for liter of milk produces.
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Causes of culling the herd of utility cows
STEJSKAL, Petr
This Bachelor thesis analyzes the causes of culling the Czech Spotted Cattle dairy cows on Velka Chyska farm. Detection of the most frequent cases of culling represents a very important information source for breeders, because the health state is one of the indivisible parts of a successful breeding. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the main causes of cow culling in separate seasons and divide the cows that were culled into two groups according to the blood share of Czech Spotted Cattle and Red Holstein Cattle. A service period, insemination interval, interim, usefulness during lactation, standardized lactation, one hundred days of the lactation and content of the proteins and fat in milk were monitored among the culled dairy cows. Consecutively, a comparison of these two groups was performed. The data were acquired from GEA Dairy plan program, from files of the culled animals and from the lactation cards of the dairy cows. A group of dairy cows of 453 heads was monitored. During one year (from 1.9.2012 to 31.8.2013) the breeders set aside 130 dairy cows. In the group C 60 - 85% and R 40 - 15% (group C), 305 dairy cows were monitored (96 were culled). The most frequent cause of culling was a malfunction of reproduction (26%) and postpartum period problems (21%). The group R 60 - 85% and C 40 - 15% (group R) consisted of 148 dairy cows (34 were culled) and the most frequent causes of this were hoof diseases (29%) and malfunction of reproduction (26%). The culling was done mostly in spring and in summer. On the basis of the results and their analysis, conclusions were made for breeders´ practice and recommendations for operational interventions in breeding. Resultant rate of culling 28,7% is in correspondence with breeders´ objectives, which annually make cow culling to 30% out of total number of dairy cows. The reasons of culling are mostly in correspondence with the results of the usefulness check in the Czech Republic.
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Performance traits of dairy cows stabled in tie stalls
MARKOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of this thesis was the evaluation of fertility and production traits stabled in tie stalls. 50 pure-bred Holstein cows were monitored and those traits were evaluated: interval of insemination, service period, calving interval, milk yield and content of milk protein and fat. All monitored cows finished standard lactation period (305 days) in year 2012. The evaluation was performed in relation to lactation order. Nearly all of fertility traits were evaluated as bad. The average interval of insemination was 83.7 days, service period was 171.6 days and calving interval was 444.9 days. Interval of insemination was rising up to 3rd lactation. However 4th and following lactation insemination interval was lower about 9.6 days in comparison with 3rd lactation. Service period values were getting worse according to higher lactation order, 2nd lactation service period was shorter about 19.2 days. Moderate statistical difference was found in calving interval between 2nd (505.4 days) and 3rd (395.1 days) lactation. Only 3rd lactation calving interval could be evaluated as satisfying. Calving interval values were rising up from 4th and higher lactation. The average milk yield of tie stabled cows was 9,869.5 kg per standard lactation period (content of milk fat 3.96 % and content of milk protein 3.44 %). Milk yield was rising up to 3rd lactation when it reached maximum values and slight decrease was recorded on 4th and following lactation. The average content of milk fat was increasing following higher lactation order. Statistically significant difference was found between milk protein content of 3rd lactation (3.37 %) and milk protein content of 4th and following lactation (3.53 %).
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Analyze of the milk yield and economics indicators in dairy cows of Holstein cattle
ZNAMENANÁ, Lucie
The aim of the trial was to analyze selected indicators of milk yield and economics of milk production in dairy herd of Holstein cattle. Economics of dairy cows is critical to keeping cattle on the farm. Among the main priorities that can improve the economic results of cattle, are mainly production conditions corresponding milk yields, good fertility, high quality market products, quality dairy nutrition, good health, appropriate management of breeding and compliance of welfare in the cattle breeding, because good health belongs among main conditions of economically successful milk production. In dairy cattle breeding herd of Holstein cattle in the farm Meclovská zemědělská, a. s. there were monitored 1081 dairy cows on the first to eleventh lactation for the two years (2010-2011). From the results, there was clear that 2010 was achieved higher milk yields (9 080,87 kg/lactation) than in 2011 (7 857,83 kg/lactation), a higher content of milk fat and protein, it was achieved lower costs (181,44 CZK/FD and 6,98 CZK/kg of milk) than in 2011 (199,40 CZK/FD and 7,92 CZK/kg of milk) and higher profit.
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Analysis of selected indicators of milk production and fertility in the herd of Holstein cattle
KÁŠKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor work is focused on the analysis of the selected indicators in a flock of miliking the cattle, which can affect the levels of milk and reproductive performance. Monitoring the factors at the workplace of the exiled Agrospol Mladá Vožice a.s., which behaves like a Holstein and Simmental cattle. Since 2008, the company used převodné crossing of Czech pied cattle on Holstein cattle. In 2012, the number of cows in an average of 249 329 pieces in milk. For the analysis of selected indicators have been monitored 190 pieces of dairy cows, according to the genotype, the order of lactation and age at first calving. Sighted in a herd of dairy cows, in groups sorted according to the genotype of the best results of a reproduction H 99-88 and that the collection interval (78 days), service period (80 days) and the intervening period (365 days). The worst performers were from the genotype (H) 100. The collection interval was 77 days, a service period of 105 days, and in the meantime, 390 days. According to the order of lactation of dairy cows on the other were the best lactation (collection interval 78 days, a service period of 87 days and in the meantime, 374 days). The worst performers were dairy cows at the fifth and later lactation (collection interval 78 days, 114 days and the period of service in the meantime, 401 days). According to the age at first calving have Calved in the age of prvotelky 661-720 days for best results (77 days interval, collection service period 85 days and in the meantime, 370 days) and prvotelky Calved in the age of 721-780 days have the worst results (the collection interval 77 days, service period and the interim 100 380 days). Overall reproductive performance can be assessed as good. In all indicators of milk yield, would appear to be the best kříženky H 87-75 (12.016 kg milk fat, 3.65%, 3.35% protein). According to the order of lactation were the best results at the fourth lactation (11 772,34 kg milk, 3.55% fat and 3.29% protein). According to the age at first calving had the best performance under 660 days Calved prvotelky (11 018,46 kg milk, 3.48% fat and 3.21% protein). From the results of the abovementioned indicators it strongly suggest that the fertility indicators are at a very good level, even when their performance is over 10 000 kg of milk. The higher genetic potential of cows for milk production, the higher the demands on management of the herd. As a result, it is important to pay due attention to nutrition and health status of dairy cows high utility.
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Evaluation of feed rations and their effect for milk production
ROUBÍČKOVÁ, Jana
Feed rations and their influence on milk yield were assessed for the years 2010 and 2011 in working conditions on the school farm Měšice. This was mainly comparison of the basic nutrients feed rations with a recommendation. Furthermore, feeding technology, quality of silage, composition of feed rations and content of milk components were evaluated. Selected economic indicators of dairy cows were evaluated in the monitored enterprise. The results indicate that the feed rations give a good presumption for high milk yield of dairy cows. However, quality of roughages, primarily corn silage should be improved.
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Disorders of mineral metabolism in cattle
KADLECOVÁ, Lenka
My Bachelor thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The goal of the theoretical part is to elaborate the bibliography dealing with significant production diseases of cattle with emphasis on the disorders of the metabolism of mineral substances especially of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. The bibliography contains a description of the symptoms, therapies and the prevention of particular diseases. The practical part of my Bachelor thesis includes two areas of findings. The first part focuses on the intake of the minerals substances in question contained in food and mineral supplements in dairy cows on the farm Horní Staňkov. The second part follows the contents of mineral substances and alkaline phosphatase in the blood plasma and urine of dairy cows. Based on the examination of blood plasma and urine an overview of the level of saturation with macroelements in dairy cows was made.
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