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Vliv teploty na udržení schopnosti oplození a líhnivosti při přechovávání neoplozených jiker u keříčkovce červenolemého
BORŮVKA, Vít
When hormonally induced artificial spawning of african catfish (Clarias gariepinus), was several female injected intraperitoneally in one dose preparation Ovopel at doses of 1.5 pellet × kg-1. Females were kept separately in the tanks at a temperature of 21.5 °C. All females were spawned at the same time latency 19.2 hours. Eggs from three spawned females were mixed and divided into 6 doses. Each batch was placed into thermoboxes at temperature 5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C. These eggs were stored in thermoboxes and after times of storage 0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10h, part of the eggs (approximately 50 to 100 pieces) were taken out from each thermoboxes in three replications and was placed into individuals cups and fertilized by adding 5 drops of sperm and 20 ml of water. In these samples were subsequently observed fertilization, hatching rate and survival rate. When watching fertilization was in individual temperature the highest values and also statistically non-significant difference ( = 0.05) achieved: at 5 °C in times of fertilization 0.5 2 hrs. (61.6 +- 5.81 % - 47.7 +- 1.48 %), at 10 °C in times 0.5 - 1.5 hrs. (70 +- 6.7 % - 62.1 +- 8.9 %), at 15 °C in times 0.5 - 3 hrs. (59.6 +- 9.4 % - 59.6 +- 2.9 %), at 20 °C in times 0.5 - 3 hrs. (61.4 +- 3.6 % - 56.1 +- 2.5 %), at 25 °C in times 0.5 - 4 hrs. (55.5 +- 7.2 % - 49.7 +- 9.3 %) and at 30 °C in times 0,5 - 3 hrs. (61.6 +- 10.3 % - 51.8 +- 17.8 %). When watching hatching rate was in individual temperature the highest values and also statistically non-significant difference ( = 0.05) achieved: at 5 °C in times of fertilization 0.5 - 1 hrs. (28.4 +- 2.9 % - 21.1 +- 9.5 %), at 10 °C in times 0.5 - 1 hrs. (36.6 +- 17.3 % - 22.1 +- 7 %), at 15 °C in times 0.5 - 2 hrs. (34.1 +- 5.5 % - 26.9 +- 5.1 %), at 20 °C in times 0.5 - 2 hrs. (33 +- 8.2 % - 28.8 +- 1.6 %), at 25 °C in times 0.5 - 4 hrs. (31.4 +- 6.2 % - 15.3 +- 13.5 %) and at 30 °C in times 0.5 - 2 hrs. (33.1 +- 9.2 % - 21.2 +- 8 %). When watching survival rate was in individual temperature the highest values and also statistically non-significant difference ( = 0.05) achieved: at 5 °C in times of fertilization 0.5 - 1 hrs. (20.1 +- 6 % - 13 +- 3.3 %), at 10 °C in times 0.5 - 3 hrs. (19.8 +- 15.31 % - 3.1 +- 3 %), at 15 °C in times 0.5 - 6 hrs. (23.3 +- 9 % - 5 +- 2.8 %), at 20 °C in times 0.5 - 2 hrs. (22.4 +- 1.9 % - 15.1 +- 5.2 %), at 25 °C in times 0.5 - 4 hrs. (18.7 +- 4.4 % - 4.1 +- 1.9 %) and at 30 °C in times 0.5 - 1.5 hrs. (26.2 +- 5.5 % - 21.4 +- 6.8 %). Suitable temperatures for the storage of unfertilized eggs after spawning are two hours before fertilization at temperatures from 15 to 30 °C. Other suitable temperatures which are useful for storage are temperatures 15 to 25 °C, for preservation after 3 hrs. and longer after fertilization.
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Rearing of weatherfish (Misgurnus fossilis) fry in artificial condition
FRANTA, Pavel
The aim of the M.Sc. thesis was to verify possibility of weaning weatherfish larvae (Misgurnus fossilis) from the live food to the dry starter mixture using the method of co-feeding. The experiment included 3 control groups (starved control no feeding; negative control fed exclusively with dry starter mixture; positive control fed exclusively with live food) and 10 experimental groups with 5 different dates of termination of co-feeding period (at the age 13, 18, 23, 28 and 33 days post-hatching dPH) and different duration of co-feeding period (1 and 7 days). The experiment lasted from the 6 dPH, when mixed feeding was iniciated, until the age 48 dPH at the temperature of 17,8 +- 0,7 °C. The effects of termination and duration of co-feeding period upon continuous survival, morphometric and gravimetric characteristics, ratio of macrobiogenic elements and gross caloric value in somatic tissues of larvae/juveniles were evaluated. Continuous survival, morphometric and gravimetric characteristics and total content of carbon and nitrogen in somatic tissues of larvae/juveniles were increasing with extending dates of termination of co-feeding period. The rearing of weatherfish larvae was accompanied by the marked decline of survival in the period 13 20 dPH, regardless of selected diet regimes in individual groups. Within all fed groups, the worst results of continuous survival and growth were recorded in the negative control as well as groups with date of co-feeding period termination at age 13 dPH. All individuals in these groups died at age 41 dPH. At the end of the experiment, the highest values of continuous survival were achieved in the positive control as well as groups with dates of co-feeding period termination at age 23, 28 and 33 dPH, respectively. There was no significant statistical difference among these groups. Very good results in terms of morphometric and gravimetric characteristics were achieved in the groups with dates of co-feeding period termination at age 28 and 33 dPH, respectively. However, only in group with date of co-feeding period termination at age 33 dPH were achieved comparable values of morphometric characteristics with the positive control. The exception formed only values of the body height as well as dry and wet weights which were significantly higher in the positive control compared to other fed groups. The duration of the co-feeding period (either 1 or 7 days) did not affect any of the monitored characteristics. The results of the present thesis also show that the weatherfish fry best prospers on live food and, on the contrary, fry can not be reared using dry starter mixture as a sole food source. To sum up, among all tested groups that use co-feeding, only weaning of larvae with the date of co-feeding termination at age 33 dPH could be advised. In such condition the continuous survival rate as well as lenght growth reach comparable values with group exclusively fed by live food.
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Individual contestant competence level participating winter and summer survival courses.
Šika, Vojtěch ; Dvorský, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vilášek, Josef (referee)
Title: Individual contestant competence level participating winter and summer survival courses. Objectives: The major aim of this work is to determine at what level of potential course participants' is knowledge of winter and summer survival. Knowledge of related skills associated with survival in extreme conditions and crisis situatuions. For this thesis we chose students from Faculty of Physical Education and Sport and other students from Charles University since summer and winter survival cource is also opened to students from other faculties of Charles University Methods: For data acquisition to this work we used the questionnaire method. Respondents were students aculty of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Arts and The First Medical Faculty. To get 100% questionaire return, the questionaire was assigned personaly. Results: The questionnaire survey was attended by 70 respondents overall. Data we collected, we wrote down in tables and graphs. The results from the evaluation of individual questions showed that knowledge levels associated with survival in critical situations is low. Only 33% of the total amount of students who completed the survey, were successfull. Keywords: survival, limit situations, crisis situations
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Inbreeging and its influence on the fitness of animal bread in captivity
Králová, Michala ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Komárková, Martina (referee)
Habitat loss and fragmentation is now the current problem, which leads to an inevitable reduction in the effective size of populations of many species. The negative effect of reduction further enhance processes such as genetic drift and inbreeding that causes deterioration of fitness (tj.inbreeding depression). Inbreeding and related phenomena may therefore be a threat to the survival of remaining populations of endangered species. Negative effects of inbreeding on population held in captivity that are part of the various emergency programs is even more recent concern (Frankham et al. 2002, O'Grady 2006). The aim of this study was to evaluate the current literature on the effects of inbreeding on populations of fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. Inbreeding affects mainly qualities associated with fitness and sexual selection traits and behavior.
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Influence of age and rearing conditions of a fish on the chance to survive in the wild
Lyach, Roman ; Frouzová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Čech, Martin (referee)
The task of this thesis is to summarize all the most important biotic and abiotic factors that can influence chances of reared fish to survive in the wild. It contains some of the most frequently reared and popular fishes, such as Sander lucioperca (pike perch), Samo trutta (trout), Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass), Esox lucius (northern pike), Esox masquinongy (muskellunge) and the hybrid of northern pike and muskellunge, the tiger muskellunge. Mainly the factors such as success, survival, rate of growth and mortality have been studied. Survival increases with the size of the fish because of the fact that larger fish can easily avoid predation. Pellet-reared fish show higher mortality than minnow-reared fish because of the loss due to predation and also slightly worse ability to catch living prey and obtain food, even though their diet contains similar species. Temperature can also affect the mortality of the stocked fish, mainly when the temperature difference between the rearing pond or hatchery and the new environment exceeds 10 řC, which brings loss of majority of the stocked fish. It has been revealed that genetics is very important during the process of stocking, while fish from the local population show better abilities to adapt to the environment than those from other geographic...
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Vliv délky světelného dne na příjem krmiva a růst síha peledě (Coregonus peled) v intenzivním chovu
KOS, Martin
The effect of the length of the daylight on growth of in peled (Coregonus peled) juveniles was tested in the intensive culture. Fish of mean body weight 1.82 +- 0.48 g and total length of 65 +- 7 mm were divided into four groups (the ratio of light and darkness 12k12, 16k8, 20k4, 24k0). The experiment lasted for sixty-three days. Every twenty-one days fishes were sampled for biometric measurements. Fish reached mean body weight of 15 +- 4.9 g (12k12); 15.6 +- 4.5 g (16k8); 16.7 +- 4.5 g (20k4); 16.8 +- 5 g (24k0) in experimental groups. The longest total body length was detected in both 20k4 and 24k0 groups (127 +- 11 mm). The lowest one was registered in the 16k8 (114 +- 11 mm). The highest condition coefficient had group 16k8 and lowest was found out in group 20k4. Specific growth rate during the course of the experiment was 3.33 %xday -1 (12k12); 3.28 %xday -1 (16k8); 3.49 %xday -1 (20k4) and 3.43 % xday -1 (24k0). The highest final survival (95.8 +- 1.4 %) was achieved in group 12k12. On the contrary, group 16k8 showed lowest survival of 90.0 +- 4.6 %. There were no significant differences in final survival rate.
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Performance testing of interline hybrids in tench.
HOMOLA, Ondřej
This thesis is focused on evaluation of performance traits as growth, survival and carcass yield in hybrids of chosen tench breeds. In this test were used hybrids of these breeds of tench: Vodňanské (V), Táborské (T), Maďarské (M) and Hlubocké (H), which served as maternal breed. As a control group the golden tench was used.
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