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ECG Cluster Analysis
Pospíšil, David ; Kozumplík, Jiří (referee) ; Klimek, Martin (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the use of some methods of cluster analysis on the ECG signal in order to sort QRS complexes according to their morphology to normal and abnormal. It is used agglomerative hierarchical clustering and non-hierarchical method K – Means for which an application in Mathworks MATLAB programming equipment was developed. The first part deals with the theory of the ECG signal and cluster analysis, and then the second is the design, implementation and evaluation of the results of the usage of developed software on the ECG signal for the automatic division of QRS complexes into clusters.
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controlled pacemaker
Csekes, Attila ; Hrozek, Jan (referee) ; Čech, Petr (advisor)
The Thesis deals with the area of cardio stimulation. It describes the different stimulation modes and their specifics. It describes the creation of a virtual cardio stimulator based on R-waves, designed in the LabVIEW application. Part of the thesis is the software realization of the model and the verification of its functionality.
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Artificial aorta for activity demonstration of intraaortal baloon contrapulsation
Bičiště, Jan ; Rampl, Ivan (referee) ; Zeman, Václav (advisor)
This dissertation work describes design and construction of simulated aorta device intended to demonstrate performance of the intra-aortal balloon catheter (IAB), and to test reaction of the contra-pulsation pump during simulated cardiac output in conditions of tachycardia, bradycardia and arrhythmia. The major part of the device is transparent plastic tube. The pressure pulses (waves) are generated inside this plastic tube to simulate real cardiac output. These pressure pulses are generated by step motor with membrane. The step motor is controlled by programmable control system AMiNi-E. Individual pressure pulses simulate cardiac output in conditions of tachycardia, bradycardia and arrhythmia. Required simulated cardiac output is selected by control switches. Generated pressure pulses are read by pressure sensor and are transferred to the control system of the configuration computer. Read data can be displayed as graphs in program Microsoft Excel. The intra-aortal balloon catheter (IAB) is inserted inside the aorta and is connected with contra-pulsation pump which on pressure pulse is responding.
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ECG signal classification
Smělý, Tomáš ; Harabiš, Vratislav (referee) ; Hrubeš, Jan (advisor)
This thesis deals with classification of different types of time courses of ECG signals. Main objective was to recognize the normal cycles and several forms of arrhythmia and to classify the exact types of them. Classification has been done with usage of algorithms of Neural Networks in Matlab program, with its add-on (Neural Network Toolbox). The result of this thesis is application, which makes possible to load an ECG signal, pre-process it and classify its each cycle into five classes. Percentage results of this classification are in the conclusion of this thesis.
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Analysis EKG by paramedic in pre-hospital care
KOLLNEROVÁ, Kateřina
This Bachelor thesis deals with the issue of monitoring and evaluation of electrocardiography (ECG). The monitoring of ECG belongs to the basic diagnostic methods of heartbeat. It is also irreplaceble in prehospital emergency care (PEC). That is why a paramedic must be sure in manipulation with the ECG machine and he or she must faultlessly distinguish typical deviations in ECG curve, especially in case of life-threatening and frequent arrhythmia because a proper treatment in PEC usually has a decisive influence on a patient´s life. In the theoretical part of the thesis I dealt with basic knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of heart. Then I focused on electrocardigraphy as a basic diagnostic method, I mentioned various types of ECG and described ECG machine used in PEC. I also delineated electrodes and downspouts and their classification. I added a procedure of monitoring ECG by means of defibrillation electrodes and by means of downspouts. In the next chapter I dealt with physiological ECG curve, its description and assessment of cardiac rhythm. A considerable part of the theoretical part is devoted to heart rhythm disorders and classification of these disorders. In the last charter I mapped options of heart rhythm disorders treatment pharmacological as well as therapy without drug application. The research part of the thesis is based on qualitative and quantitative form of research. Data were gained by method of interview and by additional knowledge test designated for paramedics from the South Moravian Region. The interviews were carried out with paramedics from the Emergency Medical Service of the South Moravian Region. The additional test consists of 16 open as well as closed questions. Results of the research were processed and depicted by means of bar charts. These express numerical value of the research results. The main aim of the thesis was an analysis of paramedics´ procedure when evaluating ECG curve. The minor aim of the thesis was to map a paramedic´s knowedge in te field of ECG curve evaluation. The theoretical part of the thesis can be used as a study material for paramedic students and also for students of other medically-oriented branches who study the issue of ECG. On the basis of the thesis results a manual was made out which could simplify the evaluation of ECG curves.
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Quality of life in patiens after catheter ablation
KOCMICHOVÁ, Jana
Theoretical Foundations Catheter ablation is an intervention focused on targeted removal of or damage to an area that causes arrhythmias. This intervention began to be performed at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s because it had been found that treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs was expensive and the drugs had to be taken throughout patients' lives. Thanks to its high success rate and low risk of complications, it has been used in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. At present, the success rate is around 75 %, and the intervention sometimes needs to be repeated to achieve its desired effect. Objectives of the thesis The first objective was to find out whether patients with a history of catheter ablation changed their personal and professional lives. The second objective was to map out which areas of the patients' live were affected most by the catheter ablation treatment. The third objective was to find out about differences in the patients' lives before and after catheter ablation. Research questions V1: In what areas are the patients' lives limited most? V2: What changes have occurred in their lives after catheter ablation? Methodology The research part of the thesis was carried out using a qualitative survey conducted by means of semi-structured interviews with patients suffering from arrhythmias. The total of 9 respondents, 5 males and 4 females, were interviewed. The information obtained was processed using programme Atlas.ti. The results are presented as networks created in this programme. Results The research questions can be answered using the data obtained from the respondents suffering from arrhythmias. The first research question was aimed at finding out in what areas the patients' lives were limited most. It was found out, through the semi-structured interviews, that the most limited area was personal life, in which arrhythmia caused most difficulties to the respondents during sports activities. Because of their health problems, most of the respondents limited their sports activities or abandoned them altogether in favour of their health. Other problems are caused during physical strain and under physical load. That was also the thing that the addressed respondents preferred to avoid. The respondents are also limited in the performance of their work, when the main cause of their problems is psychological stress, mental stress resulting in arrhythmia symptoms in the respective respondents. The second research question examined what changes occurred in their lives after catheter ablation. The changes that occurred related to the care of the family and the household in which they are able to engage in multiple activities. The respondents were able to pay more attention to their families by whom they are encouraged in the treatment. There was an overall improvement in their health, enabling better integration into everyday life. The most frequently mentioned area of changes was sport. During the period after catheter ablation, the respondents began to return gradually to their hobbies. Conclusion The thesis describes the restrictions that arrhythmia caused to the respondents and also the changes that have occurred in the individual respondents after catheter ablation treatment. The results can be used in practice in the education of patients who wait for the catheter ablation treatment and in subsequent measures using the prepared mind maps.
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Nursing care of patients before and after catheter ablation
KMETKOVÁ, Monika
Catheter ablation is the ultimate non-pharmacological treatment of heart rhythm disorders, allowing the destruction i.e. ablation of abnormal tissue in the heart, which has resulted in the emergence of this disorder. This is a procedure which can be targeted pathologic affect the electrical activity of a precinct of cardiac infarction. This work is dedicated to the nursing care of patients before and after catheter ablation, the level of patient awareness, the level of communication between the nurse and patient and monitors the needs of the respondents after myocardial performance. Up to date of this issue we see even that several prospective randomized trials have shown significantly higher ablation efficiency in long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm than during treatment with ant arrhythmic drugs. Furthermore, the quality of life after catheter ablation increases and its improvement is significantly higher than with ant arrhythmic drugs. The theoretical part deals in the introduction with the history of discoveries in other chapters include anatomy and function of the heart. It also provides information about heart rhythm problems, describes the clinical picture of the disease and treatment options. At the end of the theoretical part is to work preparing a patient for power, the act itself, potential complications, nursing care after surgery and the role of the nurse in her. The aim of this passage is a summary of existing knowledge about resolved issue. This section has been prepared on the basis of relevant literature sources. The aim of this work is to determine the specifics of nursing care before and after the performance of catheter ablation. To achieve this objective were in the empirical part used the qualitative research methods. In this section were collected answers to three research questions. What is the awareness of patients undergoing catheter ablation performance? What is nurse communication with the patient? What are the needs of the patient after surgery catheter ablation? The survey was conducted in patients undergoing catheter ablation performance. Interviews took place in the hospital České Budějovice and in the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM) in Prague cardiology department. The survey was included in a group of ten respondents. Their choice was determined by the willingness of respondents to participate in the research and work on it. For each of the participants used non - standardized form of interview. The results of the survey were analyzed and entered into categories. In view of the results of our work we want the work and its results as much as possible open up to the public of professional nursing. We hope that results of the work will increase the interest of the professional public about this issue and ask other workers willing to contribute to their solution.
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Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias related to nursing care
NOVÁKOVÁ, Jaroslava
Nursing care continuing the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias is an inseparable part of the patient?s care. As there are various types of arrhythmias and different types of treatment, similarly, the subsequent nursing care has its specifics as well. It relates not only to the post-treatment care but also to pre-surgery preparation and subsequent education. The theoretical part of the thesis contains the information on arrhythmias, their development and treatment. Organizations associating nurses working in arrhythmologic centres are mentioned as well. The practical part consists of the survey research. The quantitative enquiry is conducted in arrhythmologic centres by means of questionnaires addressing the nurses. The qualitative part contains interviews with patients who underwent some of the types of cardiac arrhythmia treatment. The objective of the thesis was to find out whether the nurses are aware of the specifics of the nursing care that follows the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia, in which stage the treatment is the most demanding for nurses and whether they can apply standardized nursing procedures in their work. Another objective is focused on mapping of the educative activity within the nursing care. Interviews with the patients are aimed at the areas of admission, prior to surgery, after surgery and during education. They should outline the view from ?the other side?. All the defined hypotheses were confirmed. The cardinal hypothesis of the thesis was the assumption that nurses, when providing nursing care to patients undergoing treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, do not work according to standardized nursing procedures. Subsequently, a draft of standardized nursing procedure focused on nursing care of patients undergoing implantation of a permanent cardiostimulator was prepared ? it could be applied in the University Hospital in Plzeň where most of the enquiry was conducted.
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Quality of life in children with chronic diseases of heart
BORSKÁ, Aneta
The bachelor thesis "Quality of life at children with chronic diseases of heart" summarizes, in its theoretical part, an issue of children´s cardiology including the heart anatomy, examination methods in cardiology, causes and a classification of arrhythmias and, last but not least, their treatments, including the use of methods such as cardiac stimulation and implantable cardioverter {--} defibrillator. Further the quality of life is characterized and specified, its conception extent and an importance of the evaluation. The final of the theoretical part is dedicated to a chronically ill child and its developmental and social aspects. The practical part is composed of an aim of the bachelor thesis and a stated hypothesis. This is followed by a methodical description of the research methodical process and used techniques. The chapter {\clq}qResults`` reports on the carried-out investigation in a form of graphs with verbal descriptions, these are then compared in a discussion. The goal of the thesis is to map the quality of life and other related issues of the children´s cardiology focused on a group of children with implanted pacemakers. To focus on major problems and to try to propose an optimal solution. An aim of the thesis is to find out to which extent the implanted pacemaker affects the quality of children´s life. Data from respondents were obtained by an interrogation method, a technique of a non-standardized questionnaire, dealing with three domains {--} physical, mental and social. Based on the results it is shown, that children perceive their limitations in comparison with an optimal state. There are evident differences comparing the children´s view of their own body after the implantation of the pacemaker in terms of gender. The theoretical part as well as the research results can serve as a summary of findings of the issue in a part of the children´s cardiology, dedicated to the heart rhythm disorders, which are necessary to be solved by a pacemaker implantation in relation to the quality of life and also it is about an experience of the disease depending on the developmental aspects of the child. It can be used by parents, clinical children´s psychologists, general practitioners for children and adolescents or the others who want or need to obtain more detailed information concerning the topic.
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Nursing intervencion with middle age patients suffering from arrhythmia.
KOLÁŘOVÁ, Libuše
Current rapid development medical science is already at such level that its aim is to meet need of patients in maximum possible extend and there are significant achievements in modern medical treatment. It does not promise full recovery, however quality of patients life may improve earlier or acute problems can be eliminated on time thanks to early diagnostics, well chosen treatment or early medical action and last but not least approach of entire attending medical staff and professional attitude of a nurse, who is an essential part of complex care, since he/she is often the first one in contact with patients, can recognize a problem and make sure it will be looked at.
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