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Mutations in MLH1 gene and MSI status as molecular characteristics of sporadic colorectal cancer
Čaja, Fabián ; Vodička, Pavel (advisor) ; Kadlecová, Jitka (referee)
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the Czech Republic. In general, there are two molecular pathways leading to CRC: one is characterized by chromosomal instability, the other by the deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. MutL homologue 1 (MLH1) gene, a member of the MMR gene-family, represents a key component of the MMR system, responsible for recognition of nucleotide mismatches occurring during DNA replication, and for the recruitment of repair proteins to correct the replication errors. According to literature, somatic mutations in MMR genes, and MLH1 in particular, hallmark sporadic, MMR deficient, CRC cases. We aimed at analyzing somatic events in MLH1 gene and the determination of microsatellite instability (MSI) status in 99 DNA samples from 96 patients with sporadic CRC. Mutations were screened by high resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis. Positive cases in each run were subsequently verified by automated sequencing. Mainly gene variants were found in MLH1 gene: We discovered two new variants, one in exon 2 at position c. 204 C>G, p. Ile68Met (98 C/C, 1C/G) and the other in exon 11 at position c. 973 C>T, p. Arg325Trp (98 C/C, 1 C/T). Only the latter variant c. 973 C>T was identified as somatic mutation. All other variants found in MLH1 gene...
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Second sound as a tool to study quantum turbulence generated by superflow of He II
Varga, Emil ; Skrbek, Ladislav (advisor) ; La Mantia, Marco (referee)
Second sound as a tool to study quantum turbulence generated by superflow of He II Abstract Liquid helium bellow 2.17 K at saturated vapour pressure becomes superfluid. Hydrodynamics of such liquid is well described in terms of two-fluid model. Superfluid helium is also capable of developing turbulent flow, called quantum turbulence, through randomization of distribution and orientation of vortex lines. Quantum turbulence in superfluid helium generated by mechanically driven pure superflow was studied by measuring the vortex line density in 10×10mm2 square channel using the attenuation of second sound technique. Agreement with results predicted by Vinen's equation was found in steady state. For decaying turbulence, agreement with Vinen's equation holds only for low initial vortex line densities and tends to develop a region where the time dependence of the decaying vortex line density appears ex- ponential. In course of this work new second sound sensors were made and tested. 1
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Hodnocení výnosových a kvalitativních znaků u rekombinantních linií ječmene jarního s vyšší tolerancí k suchu
Baláž, David
Goal of "Evaluation of yield and quality parameters at recombinant lines of spring barley with higher tolerance to drought" was to analyze offspring from crossing of two selected parents of Jersey a spring malting barley and Tadmor a syrian landrace variety of barley. The sowing of F4 generation of hybrids has been done on two sites in Brno and Žabčice. Single traits were evaluated in offspring of Jersey x Tadmor and Tadmor x Jersey. We evaluated growth, earliness, number of plants and plant height in vegetation.After harvest we specified grain color, starch content and nitrogen content on FT-NIR Nicolet Magna unit. Furthermore we measured weight of thousand seeds and total weight of harvested grains. Results showed a few genotypes, that proven better characteristics than parents. In Brno strain 1/28 excelled with high starch content similar to variety Jersey while conserving low rates of grain protein content.
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Spectroscopy of B[e] star FS CMa
Kříček, Radek ; Korčáková, Daniela (advisor) ; Krtička, Jiří (referee)
B[e] stars are a peculiar group of stars with forbidden emission lines in their spectra. This phenomenon is commonly ascribed as a result of a large shell around the star. FS Canis Majoris (FS CMa) became a prototype of one group of these stars because it was intensively studied in the past. However, in the case of this class of objects current theoretical models of the stellar evolution of a single star are not able to produce such huge amount of circumstellar matter, even if the stellar wind and rapid rotation are included into the calculations. We analysed and rectified some already reduced spectra obtained from 2005 to 2011 at the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Ondřejov and at SAAO observatory. Then we focused on the study of short- and long-term time variations of spectral lines in the stellar spectra, measured equivalents widths and radial velocities of the chosen spectral lines and discussed some achieved findings. Especially the short-term time variations of some spectral lines show dynamic processes of the inner star shell.
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: application in a study of transient species in discharge and ablation plasma
Kubelík, Petr ; Civiš, Svatopluk (advisor) ; Wild, Jan (referee) ; Rohlena, Karel (referee)
The present dissertation consists of two thematically related parts. The first one (includes two publications) deals with the study of chemical pro- cesses and spectroscopy of highly reactive particles produced in the discharge plasma. This part includes the analysis of ro-vibronic CN radical transitions in the infrared region and the study of chemical reactions in pulsed dischar- ges. The discharge was used as a tool for research of decomposition of simple precursors (acetonitrile, formamide and BrCN) and the subsequent formation of intermediates and reaction products in plasma. The obtained experimental results were interpreted using a numerical model developed in context of this work and used to simulate the kinetics of the studied systems. The second part (includes seven works) is aimed at high-resolved spectro- scopy of metals in the ablation plasma. A total of six different metals were studied: Au, Ag, Cu, Cs, K and Na. The main motivation for spectroscopic research on metals in the infrared region is to obtain information on atomic metals transitions, which are particularly important for astronomical identi- fication of lines in the spectra of stars and their spectroscopic assignments. Each publication contains a summary of the analyzed atomic transitions of which a considerable portion had not...
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The population of the European beaver (Castor fiber) in PLA Český les
MARKOVÁ, Kateřina
The aim of this study was monitoring of European beaver in a defined area of the central part of the PLA Český les in order to determine size of the population and its food demands. The monitoring took place in December 2013 and January 2014. The data were obtained during walks along the shore lines of watercourses and areas located in the monitoring area and had form of GPS location recording beaver tracks and signs. These data were transferred into the geographic information system, where individual territories of beaver families were defined using kernel density estimates. The total number of individuals in the monitored area was estimated based on the number of defined territories and the average number of individuals per one family. In total, 15 territories comprising approximately 81 individuals were defined. The most commonly found type of housing was the castle. Beavers used mostly trees genus Salix (37,86 %). Other frequently used genera of trees were Betula (29,04 %), Alnus (17,70 %) and Populus (9,73 %). Most of the trees that were cut had the diameter of 2,6 6 cm (30,45 %) and of 2,5 cm (20,96 %).
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Molekulární podmíněnost rezistence lnu vůči těžkým kovům a možnost jejího ovlivnění transgenozí
Vrbová, Miroslava
This work is focused on the molecular conditionality of flax resistance to heavy metals. Attention was therefore devoted to the identification of proteins whose role in stress response to heavy metals have not been discovered yet in flax. Two contrasting flax varieties displayed differences in steady state levels of short thiol peptides (GSH and PC) and heavy-metal binding proteins (ferritin and lipocalin) which can detoxify cadmium via chelation. These results are the first published analysis of the proteomic response to cadmium exposure in commercially important annual crop with potential use in phytoremediation. Another of the objectives was to verify the possibilities of influencing the flax resistance to heavy metal using transgenosis. There were obtained a multiplied flax plants, in which the presence of a transgene was verified, and these lines were tested for tolerance and accumulation of cadmium in both in vitro and in the field conditions.
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Ten steps for optimal birth care.
JEŽKOVÁ, Anežka
Topic of this bachelor thesis is 10 steps for the optimal obstetric care. The theoretical part is focused on general aspects of obstetric care, individual birth times, which includes not only a physiology, but also an obstetrician's role in these times and a competence of a midwife. The theoretical part is also focused on International initiative for obstetric care for mother and child - 10 steps for optimal obstetric care and describes in detail individual points of the initiative. The first goal of the research was to find out how well midwifes know the initiative. The second goal was to find out how midwifes provide optimal obstetric care and finally the third goal was to find out what experience with obstetric care puerperal women have. Qualitative and quantitative research was used to achieve these objectives. Opinion of midwifes about the IMBCI initiative and its individual steps was found out by interviews. By questionnaires was discovered what experience with obstetric care puerperal women have. The research group consisted, 10 midwives and 110 puerperal women. It was discovered that midwifes perceive the IMBCI initiative as beneficial, they mostly agree on its individual points, however they add that points presented in the initiative should be standard for every midwife. According to the obtained results it came out, that the care is provided optimally only particularly, in accordance with recommendations of IMBCI. Midwifes responded, that they agreed on individual points and they tried to follow them, but they saw a problem in necessity of respecting orders of doctors who had tendencies to rush for a childbirth and intervene in a physiological process of a birth. An estimated hypothesis has been confirmed, because it was discovered that there are differences in perceptiveness of obstetric care between midwifes and puerperal women. Results point out that women have lack of information about the care which is provided for them although midwifes claim they inform them enough. Almost half of puerperal women quoted that they were not informed about massage as a pain reducing method. Results are consistent with the statement of midwifes about too frequent interventions to the natural birth process. A navel cord is immediately after the birth cut off to most women and they are often limited in eating and drinking. Some of them felt a rush for giving a birth and it was prohibited to have a long contact with the neonate immediately after birth. In connection with potentially harmful procedures, most women confirmed repeated vaginal examinations and performing of episiotomy. Most women underwent artificial rupture of the membrane sack. This imply that these procedures are executed often, sometimes even as a routine, although they are not, according to actual science results, beneficial in any way, only in specific situations, when its benefit is higher than its risk. From interviews with midwifes it came out, that they totally automatically fulfil ten points of Initiative for a support of successful breast-feeding. Puerperal women sensed it differently. This bachelor thesis can be used by midwifes or student of this field for acquiring a greater perspective in a care, which is presently described as optimal. It is up to them if they will follow individual steps of the initiative or if they will be inspired and find their own optimal way. These lines could help women to clarify what they expect from a care in a maternity hospital and how it should properly look in an ideal case.
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Vybrané aspekty prehistorického a historického ovlivnění reliéfu severozápadního okolí Brna
Kirchner, Karel ; Kallabová, Eva ; Kuča, M.
This contribution is especially dealing with the selected aspects of the prehistoric and less historic influences, which are connected with the settlement colonization and the others joint activities (problems of civilization). The function of the traffic network (questions of the middle course of the Svratka River as communication line) was an important studied aspect also. Centre of the primeval settlement in the studied area is possible to suppose in the Neolithic era. In addition to favourable climate and soils, useful local quality resources of row material (hornblende diorite, diorite porphyry) are located in the studied area, row material was exploiting for making of the edged stone industries. The prehistoric settlement is documented by the findings of pottery as well. Study of the anthropogenic relief in the northwest Brno vicinity of is a partial output of grant projects no. 205/06/1024 and no. 404/05/H527 supported by Grant Foundation of the Czech Republic.
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