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Influence of the Application of Lignite on the Distribution of Organic Carbon in Soil
Širůček, David ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on optimization of sequential chemical fractionation method to humeomics in order to be useful for determination of organic matter content and distribution and also organic elements in soil. Subsequently, the optimized method is used to assess the efect of lignite application as soil support on these soil characteristics. For these purposes, there were three source matrices of organic matter (lignite, soil and annual soil extraction after lignite application) fractionated by sequential chemical analysis. In parallel, these samples were also fractionated by classic alkaline extraction to obtain the so-called extractable fraction of organic matter (NOM). Individual fractions from sequential chemical fractionation as well as NOM samples were characterized by methods of elemental analysis (determination of organic elements), thermogravimetry (contents of ash, organic matter and moisture) and FTIR spektrometry (structural analysis). The results obtained from a large range of data from all humeomics fractions and NOM fractions showed that the method of sequential chemical fractionation gives higher yields of organic matter compared to classic alkaline extraction. Another indisputable advantage is the fact that the obtained fractions divided according to solubility and strenght of binding to soil inorganics can be better characterized by physical-chemical methods, which provides more detailed information about soil organic matter. The results of the work also show that in order for lignite as a support substance to significantly affect soil properties, a longer time, multiple sampling and repetition of individual fractionations would be needed.
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ge137989
Kamenskich, Jiří ; Ambrůz, Jan (referee) ; Gabriel, Michal (advisor)
This thesis is focused on exploring and analyzing my native region and its surroundings. It is also continuing of my previous series of works that deal with this issue. The main objective is to move my personal knowledge and feelings about the local landscape. I was highly interested in what is under the surface of the Keprník Mountain. The intention was to create an object whose realization takes place in direct contact with this place. I chose rosin as a suitable material for this object because this material has the ability to maintain its transparency after drying and at the same time it is able to combine the individual elements of the soil from which it gets the essence as well as the shape. The whole process was documented on video which is part of the presentation of the object.
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Study on the Effect of Biochar Application on Organic Matter in Soil
Kurková, Marie ; Sovová, Šárka (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis studies the effect of the application of biochar on the composition of organic matter of two different soil samples. Specifically, the total content of organic matter in the soil and the ratio of humic and fulvic acids in these soils before and after the application of biochar were monitored. The composition of the soil mass was also observed thermogravimetrically and by using the certified method of humic and fulvic acids isolation from samples of studied soils. Furthermore, the effect of biochar on the growth of a model plant (maize – Zea mays) was observed. From this point of view, differences in plant growth were possible to observe from the beginning of the experiment, both in comparison with samples with and without biochar and in comparison with samples containing different doses of biochar. The type of soil used for cultivation experiments also influenced on plant growth.
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Biochar Effect on the Microbial Processes in Soil
Losová, Anežka ; Sovová, Šárka (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the investigation of the biochar effect on the microbial processes in soil. The theoretical part describes the properties of the soil, the characteristics of biochar, the definition of the methods of its production and the influence of biochar on microbial activity in soil. The experimental part was focused on optimization of the conditions for assessing of the effect of biochar on the rate of mineralization of soil organic matter through monitoring of the release of carbon dioxide from soil without biochar and from the biochar-amended soil with NPK fertilizer. Carbon dioxide was sorbed into sodium hydroxide during the incubation and the released amount was determined by titration. In the following part of the thesis, the experiments were focused on assessing the effect of increased soil temperature and humidity on the amount of CO2 released by soil respiration. Experimental data showed that biochar promoted the microbial activity and this effect was even enhanced by addition of NPK fertilizer to a defined amount of biochar. The increased temperature negatively influenced the microbial processes in soil, as the rate of soil respiration of carbon dioxide decreased. Excessive moisture had also a negative effect on microbial activity, resulted in the slowed rate of the soil respiration. In summary, biochar has a positive effect on microbial activity and the rate of mineralization of soil organic matter in a defined amount under the appropriate conditions and it can be used as a suitable soil conditioner in agriculture.
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Impact of soil samples treatment and used measurement methods on heavy metals concentrations.
Kejík, Marek ; Marko, Michal (referee) ; Hajzler, Jan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis aims to explore the possibilities of treatment of soil samples and compare the suitability of selected analytical methods of analysis for determining the concentration of heavy metals. 7 reference certified materials of various soil types and one soil sample from the recreational area located in Brno were selected. Each soil sample was subjected to three different treatments. It is a method of melting into a solution, decomposition in aqua regia and aqueous extract. All thus treated samples were subsequently subjected to analytical methods for determining the concentration, specifically the ICP-OES and GF-AAS methods were used. To assess the suitability of selected methods of treatment of soil samples and analytical methods of determination, the 4 most risky elements were selected, namely arsenic, cadmium, copper and lead. The measured concentrations were compared with reference values of soil samples. Finally, the suitability of combinations of different sample preparation procedures and selected methods of analytical determination of the content of determined elements from soil samples was assessed.
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Contamination of soil and sediment by hazardous metals
Pidima, Tomáš ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with soil and sediments from the environmental perspective. For selected heavy metals – cadmium, lead and mercury are given information about their occurrence, characteristics and potential sources of environmental contamination. It is also mentioned legislation dealing with the topic. The limit concentrations in soil and sediments, determination methodology and principles of the most commonly used instrumental analytical methods for these elements are described.
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The study of behavior of platinum nanoparticles in environmental compartments
Berka, Michal ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
Platinum nanoparticles pose a risk to environmental compartments. The aim of this diploma thesis is to conduct research on the influence of platinum nanoparticles in a wide range of concentrations on soil properties at different humidities. Specifically, it is about influencing the stability of water molecular bridges, the content of aliphatic crystallites, the retention capacity of water in the soil and the strength of water binding. Furthermore, the amount of nanoparticles sorbed on the soil was also measured. These indicators give us more information about the influence of platinum nanoparticles on evapotranspiration and soil deterioration. Methods of thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry) and optical methods (atomic absorption spectrometry) were used for these researches. The theoretical part of the work is devoted to a comprehensive introduction to platinum and its nanoparticles, as well as aqueous molecular bridges. It has been found that 200 nm platinum nanoparticles affect the strength of aqueous molecular bridges, have no effect on aliphatic crystallite content, have minimal effect on soil water retention, and that the water bond strength decreases due to platinum nanoparticles at high relative humidity. With 200 nm platinum nanoparticles, complete adsorption to soil occurs over the entire concentration range. With 3 nm nanoparticles, the soil is supersaturated at higher concentrations and larger amounts are not adsorbed. The results show that the larger the size of the platinum nanoparticles, the lower the negative effect on evapotranspiration and soil function itself.
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Transport of selected metals from the soil to the plants
Šilerová, Iva ; Sommer, Lumír (referee) ; Dočekalová, Hana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the soil, contamination of selected heavy metals and transport of heavy metals from soil to plants. The entry of heavy metals, their reactions in the soil and their transport into the plant material are described here. Lead, cadmium and copper have been selected as the studied toxic metals. There are also described methods of soil sampling, sample preparation for analysis and determination of heavy metals in the sample.
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Impact of Extinguishing Substances on the Environment
Čtvrtníček, Pavel ; Buřík, Richard (referee) ; Valášek, Rudolf (advisor)
Considering of there is a constantly developing industrial and transport infrastructure, development of new chemicals and their application in the market there are also demands on fireman increasing , and fire extinguishing agent technology, which are with fires hazardous substances used. Therefore, I was in my thesis focused on how to evaluate extinguishing agents as classic as modern. Then I tried to describe the work process of soil remediation after the warehouse fire with hazardous materials. The benefit of my thesis will be a comprehensive overview of the extinguishing agent used and extinguishing procedures, which may be a suitable gadged for the commander of intervention in dealing with this type of extraordinary incident.
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