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Health risks to the area affected by flooding and measures to overcome them in the territory of the Czech Republic.
KUČEROVÁ, Andrea
The topic of my thesis called "Health risks to the area affected by flooding and measures to overcome them in the territory of the Czech Republic" I have been engaged in over the recent years affected and still affects all of us. I think this topic is actual as the Czech Republic was hit by floods several times in the past. It is still necessary to develop new measures to minimize the consequences on the lives and health of the population after the flood. In the theoretical part of my thesis, I described the most common infectious diseases associated with the consequences of floods and I was trying to point out the measures which are needed for the rescue and liquidation activities in this natural disaster. The described measures are important to minimize the infectious diseases which threaten the population. To find the practical results, I prepared the questionnaire that I gave to the random people who were involved in the floods in 2002, 2006 and 2009 in the South Bohemia and Pilsen regions. Then, I compared the results of the infectious diseases with the statistical data of the reported infectious diseases in the Czech Republic. The study tested the hypothesis whether the population at the time of the floods was duly and properly protected and informed about the health risks immediately after the flood. This hypothesis can be closed as confirmed as I was convinced that the measures were sufficient to protect the population against the health risks. I dare to say that there are no health risks during the floods, because the only one practical and theoretical knowledge talk about preparing for the evacuation due to a possible flooding.
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Setting up a unified methodology for hygiene, disinfection, and sterilization at UZ, RTG, CT, MR and AG departments.
HLOUŠEK, Jan
The presented bachelor´s thesis {\clq}qSetting up a unified methodology for hygiene, disinfection, and sterilization at UZ, RTG, CT, MR and AG departments`` focuses on an area closely relatedto the field of radiology. The hygiene of the radiology ward, disinfection, and sterilization are an inseparable part of the work of the radiological assistant. In my thesis I wanted to set up guidelines for newly established wards specializingin imaging methods in order to easily tackle this issue. Some of the findings of this work may be applied also at established wards, for instance for the broadening of the range of their action. The risk of contamination by nosocomial infections in medical facilities is very high, especially in radiology wards where various people with different infectious diseases come into contact with hospitalised patients and people treated at outpatient wards. Each imafing method has its specific requirements and various hygienic demands. The evolution of diagnostic methods, new technologies and materials prompts the growing of the quantity of invasive and diapeutic operations, which leads to substantially increased risks. Medical facilities are not safe places for patients. Approximately each eighth to ten patient is infected with a nosocomial infection during hospitalisation. This is why every radiological assistant should maximise the elimination of all hygienic and epidemiological risks related to the performance of his profession by strict adherence to hygienic standards. The motto of every medical professional at work should be {\clq}qPrimam non nocere`` {--} First, do no harm.
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Effect of \kur{Nosema apis} and \kur{Nosema ceranae} on colonyof bees
ANDERLOVÁ, Jana
The work is aimed at assessing the influence of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae on the hive. The literature contains only a limited degree of information about Nosema disease, which caused by both protozoa, that?s why the main aim of this work is to gather all available technical information from various sources, to compare and evaluate them. The result of evaluating the information gathered then is how this disease affects bee behavior, which has implications for breeding bees. The content of this work is first the general characteristics of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, their distribution, reproduction and development. A description Nosema disease, such as preventive and disinfecting measures to prezent it and how you can treat already established disease. The findings described by ptrotozoa Nosema apis imply that this protozoa is explored in the vast majority. Nosema ceranae is a recently discovered species and its research is not yet complete. Finally, the thesis summarizes the most important effects of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae on the hive. These factors include, fluctuating number of individuals in a hive, honey yields lower, in some cases death of the colony and it also changed the behavior of honey bees.
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Sophistication of population about origin of infection in tattoo and piercing saloons
RICHTROVÁ, Daniela
Tattoos and piercing are part of the mankind since time began. It is by no means a matter of new fashion. Until recently, tattoos and piercing was attributed to a fringe group of the population. Today, this body art is influenced by the fashion industry and music. However, during the application of tattoos and piercing, infection or blood-borne diseases can be transmitted. It is an activity in which the integrity of human skin is damaged. Therefore, in my diploma paper I deal with the issue of informedness about the risks of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours. The main objective was to find out about the level of informedness of students at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia (ZSF JU) about the presence of infection and the possible risk of its transmission at tattoo and piercing parlours. A secondary objective was to compare the level of knowledge of people with tattoos or body piercing and those without them. In this paper, the experience of ZSF JU students with tattoo and piercing parlours and the knowledge about blood-borne diseases were described. This diploma paper used a quantitative research, through the form of an anonymous questionnaire. The group of respondents consisted of students at ZSF JU. The paper presented three hypotheses and the research results bring the following evident conclusions: H1: The population is not sufficiently informed about the risk of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours. This hypothesis was refuted. H2: The informedness of the risk of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours is higher for people with tattoos or body piercing than for people without them. It was found out that the informedness of the risk of infection in both groups did not differ statistically. H3: People, when choosing a tattoo or piercing parlour, are rather interested in the price than in the quality. This hypothesis was not confirmed. The knowledge obtained can serve as an informative material for the prevention of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours.
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Risk assessement as a method for evaluation of preventive and crisis measures in the control of avian influenza in the Czech republic
NOVOTNÁ, Lucie
The topic of my bachelor thesis is: {\clqq}Risk assessment as a method for evaluation of preventive and crisis measures in the control of the avian influenza in the Czech Republic``. Humanity has already fought with a series of diseases since the beginning of their existence. Recently the avian influenza has come into prominence. The history of the avian influenza, which stroke a wide spectrum of avian kinds, is probably very long, however the public became interested in it after the transmission to a human in Hong Kong in 1997. It has been responsible for hundreds of human deaths since. In my bachelor thesis, I was trying to estimate the possible risks of preventive and crisis measures in the control of the avian influenza in the Czech Republic. The {\clqq}word`` method of risks estimation was used and three possible risks, which could occur during an outbreak of the avian influenza in the Czech Republic, were selected {--} the risk of a human contagion by the avian influenza; the risk of a poultry contagion by the avian influenza and the risk of an outbreak of a pandemic virus. While estimating the risks, activities associated with the liquidation and prevention of the bird flu by the integrated rescue system, activities of the breeders and activities of the public were taken particularly under consideration. In terms of spreading of the disease, activities presenting the least risk seem to be those of the integrated rescue system. This is due to the fact that its members have been given an adequate training and education. The importance of the populace for the possibility of spreading the bird flu seems to be relatively low, however an appropriate degree of foreknowledge is highly recommendable. It was found that in terms of spreading the avian influenza, it is the breeder and other staff members associated with the farm, that are of particular importance. This is especially the case if they are not fully adhering to the appropriate level of disinfection and missing out on duties given by the law.
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The care of a sickbed as a nursing problem.
PŘÍHONSKÁ, Lucie
Taking care of beds is part of nurses{\crq} everyday work. The way a bed looks influences the patient{\crq}s physical and mental state. Care of the bed involves its arrangement, exchanging used bed-linen and especially disinfection, which prevents the transfer of nosocomial infections. The objectives of the thesis was to survey the way nurses take care of beds, identify obstacles associated with the care of beds, and propose a basis for creating a standard care of beds. 3 research questions were set. Research question 1: How does the length of patients{\crq} stay on the bed depend on the frequency of its disinfection in practice? Research question 2: Do nurses consider the care of beds from the point of view of the work schedule or the patient{\crq}s comfort? Research question 3: What are the most frequent obstacles in the care of beds? The research was conducted by means of a structured observation, followed by a follow-up recording in the record sheet. An anonymous questioning was conducted to obtain results. 8 nurses present in the department took part in the observation and questioning in the course of research investigation. The research set consisted of nurses in the subsequent care of the CTM Hospital a.s. in Humpolec. The investigation results let us set hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: The overall disinfection of the bed is done after the patient is discharged from the hospital. Hypothesis 2: Nurses take care of beds according to work schedule. Hypothesis 3: An obstacle in the arrangement of the bed is the lack of clean bed-linen. The investigation results may be provided to the management of the department in which the investigation was conducted. They may result in an improvement of the care of beds. A proposal of the nursing standard of the care of beds was drawn up as the result of this investigation. This proposal may serve for unifying the care of beds in individual departments. Setting principles and the overall procedure in the care of beds.
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The Tolerance of Selected Species Fish Eggs to the Antifungal Baths
RAŠKA, Karel
The antifungal detergents Jodisol and Aquahum were tested on the fish eggs of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the sheatfish (Silurus glanis), the tench (Tinca tinca) and the common barbel (Barbus barbus). On the fish eggs of the African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) the detergents Aquahum and Primrose were tested. The fish eggs from artificial spawn were used for the experiments. These experiments were running under laboratory conditions. The bath length was 5 minutes. The fish eggs incubation proceeded on laboratory dish at average water temperature, which was for the carp 22.87 ? 1.38 (min. 20.5; max. 23.8) °C, for the sheatfish 24.03 ? 2.12 (min. 20.4; max. 25.5) °C, for the tench 20.40 ? 2.13 (min. 18.0; max. 22.5) °C, for the common barbel 16.8 ? 0.95 (min. 14.5; max. 18) °C, and for the African sharptooth catfish 22.50 ? 0.35 (min. 22.0; max. 23.0) °C. Using Jodisol the best hatching success for the common carp was achieved when the concentration was 1 ? 10 ml?l-1, for the sheatfish 1 ml?l-1, for the tench 20 ml?l-1, and for the common barbel 50 ml?l-1. Using Aquahum the best hatching success for the common carp was achieved when the concentration was 1 ml?l-1, for the sheatfish 0.1 ml?l-1, for the tench 2 ml?l-1, and for the common barbel 0.1 and 2 ml?l-1. The stable preparation Aquahum with concentration 0.05 ml?l-1 proved the best results for the sheatfish. The preparation Primrose used for the African sharptooth catfish proved the best results with concentration 0.0033 and 0.01 ml?l-1. The detergent Aquahum could be recommended for the baths of the common barbel and the common carp. Jodisol worked well for the tench and the sheatfish. The best detergent for the African sharptooth catfish was Primrose.
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Decontamination of devices in nursing practice
SMÍTKOVÁ, Šárka
Term ``decontamination{\crqq} is defined as a set of measures which constitutes killing or removal of microorganisms from the environment and items regardless of the degree of reduction of the germs quantity. Decontamination forms an integral part of nursing practice, preventing transfer and spread of infections. The qualitative research was conducted in the internal medicine ward of Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. by the method of a non-standardized interview, supplemented by structured observation. The research set comprised eight nurses. The interview consisted of 11 questions and the observation was divided into six units. Four objectives were set. Objective 1: to ascertain what devices are decontaminated in the nursing practice; objective 2: to ascertain who prepares solutions intended for decontamination of devices in the ward; objective 3: to ascertain in what manner decontamination of devices is conducted; and objective 4: to identify the most frequently used decontamination preparations. On the basis of these objectives the following research questions were raised: What devices are decontaminated in the internal medicine ward most frequently? How is preparation of decontamination solutions secured? How do nurses proceed in decontamination of devices? What preparations are used for decontamination? On the basis of the in-depth interview and observation it was ascertained that plastic devices are decontaminated in the ward, most frequent being urinals, bedpans, vomit bowls, working surfaces, tableware used by patients and surgical tools. The solutions intended for decontamination are prepared by nurses and sanitation staff following the recommended procedure but not observing exact dosing of the disinfectant. When decontaminating devices, the nurses use a two-stage decontamination procedure. The decontamination preparations most frequently used by the nurses are 0.5% Persteril and Presept tablets. The results of the research will be provided to the ward where the research was conducted. As an opportunity for improvement, I propose holding a session of a small group of nurses in order to interact on the topic of decontamination of devices and to repeat the principles stipulated in the hospital standard so that the nurses realize what mistakes they make and what consequences may follow from the mistakes both for them and their patients.
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Disinfecting fluid for urinary bladder catetrization as an nursing problem.
LINHARTOVÁ, Lucie
This Bachelor´s Thesis themed {\clqq}Disinfectant Solution in the Catheterization as a Nursing Problem`` concentrates both on urinary bladder catheterization and genitalia disinfection prior urinary bladder catheterization. Two objectives were set out for the Thesis. 1st objective: To find out if a recommended disinfectant solution for catheterization is used. 2nd objective: To find out how nurses ensure effectiveness of genitalia disinfection. A qualitative research was used to achieve the results, namely the method of structured observation of nurses and the method of non-standardized interviewing of observed nurses. A group of 10 nurses, working at the urology outpatient unit in the Hospital in České Budějovice and at the urology ward and the after-treatment physiotherapy unit in the Hospital in Pelhřimov, was observed. The research should contribute to the awareness of deficiencies in catheterization and the results should be used to formulate recommendations to be implemented in practice.
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Possibilities of use technical disinfection of water in fish farming
BROŽ, Pavel
Disinfection of water in fish farming is becoming increasingly important. For these measures, there are different ways of water treatment. The aim was to evaluate selected water treatment facilities in terms of economic performance. This work compares UV sterilizers and ozonizers on the basis of their technical parameters and market prices.
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