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Morphologic-genetic study of populations of salt-water gastropod \kur{Hexaplex trunculus} from Mediterranean sea
MACÍK, Jiří
Variability in genes and shell shape of salt water gastropod Hexaplex trunculus (Linné, 1758) was compared among the samples from three Croatian coastline localities, four localities on Greek island Lefkada and two localities from south France coastline in total number of 464 specimens. Genetical criteria were not found for separating individual populations. No variability were found in 683 bp long fragment of gene for michondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI). Differences among populations were not significant, even in conection of my data with the data of recent portuguese study (sequences from GenBank). Differences among populations were found by the geometric morphometric method. Based on these results, morphotypes for certain habitats were determined. During the study, high level of tributyltin (TBT) pollution in the Mediterranean sea causing sexual malformation called imposex phenomenon, was proved in this species of gastropod.
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Genetic variability of dung beetles on pastures.
VRBOVÁ, Kristýna
The aim of this thesis was a research of the genetic variability of 8 populations of the dung beetle Aphodius prodromus using allozyme markers. Following population-genetic analysis were used to determine genetic structure of these populations: estimates of heterozygosity, Wright´s F- statistics, estimates of gene flow, Mantel test, PCA, Nei´s genetic distance, testing of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium. The results revealed low gene flow between populations, low number of heterozygotes and disequilibrium within and between populations. Cluster analyses showed, that populations from Tichá and Rychnov nad Malší-hřbitov are genetically most different from other populations.
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Genetic variability of natural populations of the \kur{Diuraphis noxia} (Aphididae)
SÁBOVÁ, Michala
Genetic variability of natural populations of the species Diuraphis noxia (Aphididae) was studied with RAPD method. First goal was to establish the chosen method in the laboratory and to optimize conditions of RAPD-PCR for D. noxia. This was followed by the pilot study, in which 12 populations were analyzed. Expected variability among individual populations and within population was acknowledged. The results of this investigation came up to the noted progress of diffusion of this species around the World. Results will be used in further more complex study of D. noxia.
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Morphological and genetic variation in populations of Gymnadenia conopsea agg.
KOLOUŠKOVÁ, Pavla
The complex Gymnadenia conopsea s.l. represents a very problematic group in terms of taxonomy, showing a wide morphological, phenological, genetical and cytogenetical variability. The aggregate G. conopsea encompasses a range of taxa, two of which, G. conopsea (L.) R. Br. s.s. and G. densiflora (Wahlenb.) A. Dietr., have been acknowledged as beeing a species level. Individual taxa cannot be safely distinguished on the basis of morphological characteristics in all cases. Recently, there has been a lot of discussion concerning the taxonomical value of taxons within the G. conopsea complex. The complex is represented by a variety of cytotypes, while the major tetraploid cytotypes represent the above mentioned G. conopsea and G. densiflora taxa, that are easily distinguishable by means of flow cytometry. The taxonomical classification of minority cytotypes is not clear. For these reasons, to be able to obtain more detailed information, an application of different approaches from the field of morphology, cytogenetics and molecular genetics is suitable when evaluating the populations. In this thesis, morphological characteristics, AFLP and an analysis of microsatellites along with a measurement of ploid level using FCM have been used for evaluation. On the basis of evaluating a multidimensional cluster analysis and a dendrogram created by the UPGMA method combining these data, a specific dissimilarity of the G. densiflora and G. conopsea taxon has been confirmed. Based on the comparative analysis of microsatellite loci and overlapping morphometric characteristics of tetraploid and octoploid G. conopsea cytotype it can be assumed that the octoploid cytotype is a separate chromosomal aberration of tetraploid plants.
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