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Comparison of Opinions of University Students of Medical and Economic Specializations of the Issue of Addiction
KŘÍŽKOVÁ, Ilona
The thesis deals with the issue of addiction. The objective of the paper is to compare opinions and experience of university students of medical and economic specializations regarding narcotics and psychotropic substances. The issue of addictions is a frequently discussed and up-to-date subject that has big impact not only on health service and economics. The Annual Report of the Public Health Authority of the capital city of Prague in 2009 provides information about frequency of drug use among population. The first place belongs to methamphetamine (pervitin) which is mostly used by clients of K - centres and also by clients demanding treatment for the first time. The second place belongs to cannabis. The third place belongs to clients using opiates and demand treatment for the first time. (56) The theoretical part focuses on the issue of drug, alcohol and cigarettes addictions. The history and the development of every single type of addiction are mentioned here together with present knowledge and information. In the practical part of the thesis the method of quantitative research was applied. The data were obtained by means of a questionnaire. Students of the Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and students of the University of Economics were a quota for the selection. The objective of the research was to map and compare opinions of students of above mentioned specializations of the issue of addiction and also to find out what is the personal experience of these students with narcotics. The research shows that the first personal experience of students of medical specializations with narcotics and psychotropic substances is similar to experience of students of economic specialization. Over 60 % of respondents answered that they have already had experience with a narcotic and psychotropic substance. There is also the similarity of age. Both groups most frequently mentioned the age of 16 as the age of the first experience with narcotic and psychotropic substances. Marijuana was the drug that was most frequently mentioned and used by students. 97 % of the students of the third Faculty of Medicine and 100 % of the students of the University of Economics answered no to the question whether they use narcotics or psychotropic substances regularly. They have had experimental experience with narcotics or psychotropic substances, however are not regular consumers. The students of the University of Economics show bigger tolerance to the use of psychotropic substances than the students of the Faculty of Medicine, these students mostly condemn such an activity. The students of the Faculty of Economics distinguish soft and hard drugs more than the students of the Faculty of Medicine, these students mostly answered that all drugs are dangerous. One of the questions focused on a total ban of smoking in restaurants and on the attitude of the students to the ban. 78 % of all students think it is a good thing. They mind passive smoking above all. Respondents from both universities agreed that they would not establish a partnership with an addict. Most students would even not tolerate a partnership with a person who was once an addict and now abstains since they are afraid that he/she could return to the addiction. The hard drug addiction is found by the students the most serious. On the other hand, marijuana addiction is extremely underestimated.
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The urologynecologic Operation and the nursing Care
ŠPILAUEROVÁ, Vlasta
Abstract The Bachelor´s work is called Urogynecological Operations and Nursing Care. The aim of this work has been to summarise up-to-date ways of surgical treatment of urinary incontinency and following nursing care in the theorteical part and to find out common reasons why women search for a professional help in the practical part. In this part I have also tried to find out if women are informed of possible options of urogynecological treatment and if they are provided with a good-quality nursing care. The qualitative research method, a questionnaire, was used. The information was collected at the gynecological department of the hospital in České Budějovice. Eighty clients (100%) were asked to complete the questionnaire. There were options offered in some questions. The return rate was 92.5% (74 questionnnaires) but only 66 of them (82.5%) could be used for final evaluation. This number (66) finally represents 100%. There were three hypotheses stated. The first hypothesis should have proved that women search for professional help in case of their urinary incontinence. It has proved in 100%. The second hypothesis should have proved that women-clients are informed of urogynecological treatment options. The hypothesis has proved. The third hypothesis should have proved that women-clients are provided with a good-quality nursing care. This hypothesis has also proved as the clients are satisfied with the nursing care. The findings of this research could be beneficial for clinic work. Midwifery is supposed to be a mission in life. Women should be cared for all their lives. If we wish to be respected, we should help women throughout their lives, not only in the time when they deliver their child.
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Women´s awareness on prevention and treatment possibilities for vulvovaginal infections
TRNOVCOVÁ, Martina
Women´s awareness on prevention and treatment possibilities for vulvovaginal infections. The thesis on `` Women´s awareness on prevention and treatment possibilities for vulvovaginal infections was worked out by a research technique. The thesis is divided into two sections {--} theoretical and practical. The theoretical section is subdivided into thirteen main chapters. The introduction gives information on the current state of knowledge and is followed by a brief description of external and internal female genitals. Much attention is paid to pathophysiology of vulvovaginal infections and their classification. The issues of viral vulnovaginitis and Bartholin glands inflammation are not omitted. In the main chapter diagnostic possibilities and methods in the treatment of vulvovaginal infections and diagnostic criteria are surveyed. Another chapter deals with therapy of vulvovaginal infections mentioned and the description of supportive preparatives used to stabilize vaginal medium. An important part of the thesis is a chapter giving account of prevention possibilities and the role of a midwife in nursing care for a woman suffering from gynaecological inflammations mentioned. In the final chapter information on the nursing process in women with inflammatory diseases of vulva and vagina is given. The objective of the thesis was to learn about the awareness of prevention possibilities and treatment of vulvovaginal infections in women of reproductive age. Two hypotheses were stated: Hypothesis 1 assumed that women are not informed about vulvovaginal infections possible prevention. Hypothesis 2 assumed that women are informed about the possibilities of vulvovaginal infections treatment. To verify or reject the hypotheses the questionnaire method was used. The questionnaire included 29 questions. Total 170 questionnaires were distributed, 156 of which came back filled in, i.e. 92%. Hypothesis 1 was rejected by the research, hypothesis 2 was confirmed. The results obtained may be published at specialist seminars focused on education of midwives and gynaecologists working in both in-patient and out-patient departments. They may also contribute to enhancement of women{\crq} s awareness.
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Ethical Behaviour Aspects of Clients of the Prevent After Care Centre in Connection with the Build-up of their New Identity
KOREŠ, Jiří
The theoretical part of this diploma thesis deals with the changes of behaviour and attitude of clients who underwent drug addiction therapy. I have focused on the ethical aspects of these changes and their development within the build-up of the clients' new identity. I will analyse the environment and facilities in which the changes take place, approaches to therapy as well as addiction models, these being the decisive factors of change. I will also focus on the concept of identity build-up as presented in M. Brožová's analysis as a process of changes, which take place after therapy in communities and therapeutic facilities. In the conclusion, I will analyse the conception of ethics and the components of ethics as a basis to define signs of ethical behaviour in the topics of respondents. The practical part is a probe into the process of behaviour and attitude development of Prevent After Care clients. In the introduction, I will present the applied research methods, selection of fields, the research sample and operational procedures. Further, individual dialogues with respondents are included, including interpretation of the dialogues in relation to human practice and an interpretation of behaviour changes. In the dialogues, I will focus on the perception of changes by the clients themselves, their idea of freedom and their values.
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Healt and psychosocial impact vertebral diseases for medical staff
BERÁNKOVÁ, Ivana
In the thesis knowledge of anatomy and physiology of musculoskeletal (locomotor) system is presented. Etiology, classification, diagnostics and types of vertebrogenous diseases are described. Furthermore, treatment options, focusing on disadvantages of surgical procedures for disc prolapse, on conservative treatment and prevention of vertebrogenous diseases are mentioned. Another important section deals with social aspects of vertebrogenous diseases in medical staff members, causes of sick leave and medical personnel turnover. The main objective of the thesis was to determine which specific profession included in the research database is the most endangered by vertebrogenous diseases. Other objectives were to find out if health professionals consider starting a new profession in consequence of vertebrogenous disease and also to determine the level of health professionals´ awareness of these diseases. The data needed to compile this thesis were obtained through the study of professional materials, using a questionnaire technique and an interview technique. The research was conducted using quantitative research and anonymous questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed to medical personnel divided into four groups according to their professions. The outcomes show that all the professions included in the research are vulnerable to vertebrogenous diseases, the most endangered being operating theatre nurses. It is important especially in the health sector to use actively and practically all the means to ensure suitable working positions, such as comprehensive application of ergonomic requirements. The results of the research show that medical staff turnover is mainly caused by economic reasons. Management of our health care facilities should be aware of that fact and should involve personnel management tools such as corporate culture creation and communication. Furthermore, it was found that the majority of health professionals suffer form a lack of relevant information on vertebrogenous diseases and apply pharmacological treatment. It is important to draw attention to those errors in treatment and to provide professional public with quality information on all treatment options.
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Awareness of patients about diagnostics and therapy of malignant gynecologic tumours
PLOJHAROVÁ, Anna
Three goals were set for the work. The first one was to find out whether women see their gynecologists once a year for the recommended preventive examination. The second goal was to asses the level of awareness among women regarding diagnostics and therapy of malignant gynecological tumours. The third goal of the work was to find out whether women are sufficiently informed about possible prevention and protection against cancer development. In connection with these goals three hypotheses were set to validate them. The first hypothesis supposed that women do not undergo yearly preventive examinations. It has not been validated by the research. The second hypothesis, that women are sufficiently informed about gynecological diseases, has proved to be correct. The third hypothesis, that women are sufficiently informed about prevention against cancer development, has also turned out to be correct.
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PROBLEM INSIGHT OF PEOPLE WITH PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES ADDICTION
PROKŠOVÁ, Michaela
The dependancy on psycho-active drugs presents a substantial problem these days. The number of users is constantly increasing. In the adolescent groups the social norms in drug use are changing as it is not considered deviant behaviour. There are many prevention programs for potentially endangered groups. Treatments are in development which include substitution programs. In psychotherapy, which is still the dominant treatment, the key role is the question of insight to morbidity of behaviour. The goal of this bachelor´s thesis is to verify whether the people dependent on psycho-active drugs are interpreting their harmful behaviour as an illness or as a lifestyle which they have chosen. The research was implemented in a group of dependent people retrieved from a network of contact centers and in a group of dependent people in therapeutic programs of psychiatric units. I used the questionnaire method. The research technique was by interview. I stated four hypotheses. The first, and second hypothesis were confirmed while the third, and fourth hypotheses were not confirmed. The use of this bachelor´s thesis can be seen in the possibility of its mediation as an information source for secondary and tertiary prevention actions in facilities which are focusing on people dependent on psycho-active drugs.
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Comprehensive care of person with Alzheimer's disease
ŘEHOŘOVÁ, Andrea
The thesis deals with the comprehensive care for a person with Alzheimer`s disease. As the population gets old, also the number of people with Alzheimer{\crq}s disease has been growing. Pursuant the survey, approx. 5 % population in the age of 65 years suffers from the middle up to high degree of dementia; thereof the Alzheimer{\crq}s disease represents 50{--}60 %. Its frequency roughly doubles every five years. Alzheimer{\crq}s disease is approximately the fourth most frequent cause of all the death cases. The main goals is to find out the extent of knowledge of lay public about Alzheimer{\crq}s disease in the South Bohemian region. Hereby we mean the information about the care, possibilities of healing, symptoms and prevention of Alzheimer{\crq}s disease. In connection with these goals the H1 hypothesis was postulated: The lay public was informed of Alzheimer{\crq}s disease. For achieving the given goal, the method of questioning, the technology of the questionnaire was used. 280 questionnaires were distributed among the persons older than 18 years and they were returned in 86 %. In total, 241 questionnaires were filled in, thereof 230 were filled in correctly and also evaluated. As the most important questions for confirming or not confirming the hypothesis the author determined questions concerning the knowledge of the AD treatment, AD symptoms, knowledge of facilities, consulting centre as well as other activities for the people with AD, occurrence of AD and forms of treatment. It followed from the results that H1 hypothesis was not confirmed. Two partial targets were postulated for the given issue for the completeness sake. The first partial target was to describe the medically social issue of Alzheimer{\crq}s disease including its impact on all the spheres of the life of man: i.e. biological, psychological as well as social spheres. The second partial goal concerned the survey of services for persons with Alzheimer{\crq}s disease and their families in the South Bohemian Region. This thesis may be utilized in future as source of information about Alzheimer{\crq}s disease for the students of Faculty of Health and Social Studies in České Budějovice and for persons from the lay public who would like to learn more of Alzheimer{\crq}s disease.
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Smoking - The Current Treatment Possibilities of Nicotine Addiction
CHYTILOVÁ, Monika
In comparison with other countries the Czech Republic has a relatively high prevalence of tobacco smoking. What is alarming is the growing number of 15-year-olds who smoke at least one cigarette a week. While in 1997 to 1998 this comprised 22% of boys and 18 % of girls, in 2001 to 2002 this figure had increased to almost 29% of boys and 31% of girls. Around 30 % of adults in this country are smokers, yet 70 % of these, i.e. around one and a half people, want to quit. Very few of them are successful without adequate therapy. This is also the reason why in 2008 a total of six tobacco addiction treatment centres were established.So far we have no accurate economic data relating to the costs of treating smoking and other health complications which result from smoking. There is, however, no reason to assume that these figures would be particularly different from those for other European countries. Some health insurance companies are aware of the high costs of treating smoking-related illnesses and are actively providing financial and non-financial support to those wishing to quit.The aim of this bachelor{\crq}s thesis was to determine how well-informed the population is as regards the options for treating nicotine addiction; also to map out the most common reasons that lead smokers to quit. In this work I have used the anonymous questionnaire technique to investigate this issue. A total of 100 people over the age of 15 were questioned. Hypothesis 1 assumes that the majority of the population knows about at least one way of treating nicotine addiction. Hypothesis 2 assumes that the majority of the population, if they smoke or if they were to smoke, would first seek expert advice from their GP. Hypothesis 3 assumes that the most important motive for stopping smoking is to save money.This work can be used as the basis for further bachelor{\crq}s or diploma theses on a similar topic, or to supplement courses at ZSF JU University in České Budějovice.
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Ectoparasitoses of dogs, cats and other domestic animals found in České Budějovice.
HANZALOVÁ, Jana
The objective of this graduation thesis was making a review of the most occurrenced ectoparasitic diseases and note the efectivity of medical preparation in the most risk groups. From February 2005 to December 2007 there was an observation of individuals apperance specialized in ectoparasitic diseases of miscellaneous origin in the Veterinary Clinic Vltava, which is interested in illnesses of small animals. This observation comprehended usually home breeded animals only. Total of checkuped animals was 6468 individuals. From that in category of race dogs acknowledged by FCI was on record 54 what counted 4702 individuals. Other animals numbering 1756 we have included in category of cats with acknowledged origin and European kind of cats without any origin. There was marginally treated with attendance of ectoparasits 5 rabbits and 5 guinea pigs. Between the most frequently medicaly groups the Yorkshire terriers 603 times belonged, hybrids untill the 10 kg of weight 525 times and Retrievers 512 times. Their age interface was different, what responding to their social popularity. At other individuals was the most recorded counts of parasitosis of European cats without any acknowledged origin 1402 times, mostly wild. Thanks to observation it we were able to analyze risky groups and their scalable treatment. The most frequently ectoparasits belouged for cats european kind Otodectes cynotis , numering about 869 pcs, for yorkshire terriers fleas numering about 295pcs and hubrid dogs up to 10kg fleas numering about. The next freguency occurrence of fleas and ticks we notea by the golden retriever. In spite of the komplex attitude in struggle with ectoparasits has beed prefered, by far not the owners proceeded by the advises of the veterinary. So that all precuation can be successfull in the long term, the owners would have to start to solve the problem with wild cats in their surroundings. This cats forms the most usually treated individuals and continually they contaminate their vicinage with ectoparasits with their contact way of life. In 10 disobedience cases the disease expanded not only to the other individuals in animal breeding but to the owner himself. So the necessity of prevention and through medication had been confirmed so that posibility of dangerous disease transmision would be eliminated.
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