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Nursing in children with diarrhoeal diseases
HEČKOVÁ, Šárka
This thesis deals with the problems of nursing in children with diarrhoeal diseases. Diarrhoea ranks the second most common disease in children and is often the reason for hospitalization because of its serious complications. Apart from the basis disease, admission to hospital represents a huge psychical stress for both a child and a family. Handling the situation depends also on the nursing personnel in a large extent. In the theoretical part you can find the division and specification of the most common causes, symptoms and basic treatment of diarrhoea. The theory is followed by the most common nursing problems developed during the nursing of children with diarrhoreal diseases. They include dehydration, pain, disrupted dermatic integrity, hyperthermia, loss of appetite, fear and anxiety. The possible causes of the occurence of nursing problems and their following solution are practically explained there. In the empirical part we dealt with the question if the presence of company leads to the hospitalization time shortening. For this purpose ten nursing records were noted. In five records the attention is paid to children hospitalized with the company of parents and further, five records of children hospitalized without the company of a close person are taken. After the analysis of the nursing records the following hypothesis resulted. Hypothesis 1: Permanent care to the limit of two nurses positively influences the adaptation of a child. Hypothesis 2: Presence of a company in a handicapped child leads to the hospitalization time shortening. Hypothesis 3: Nurses can influence the experience of children for their lifetime by their nursing. The nursing also includes the assesment and solution of nursing diagnoses. From the analysis of nursing documentation of hospitalized children (to the age of ten), the most common nursing diagnoses occuring in children with diarrhoeal diseases resulted. The presupposed hypothesis that the most often stated nursing diagnosis is the shotage of body fluids was proved. This result includes the fact that the need of fluids in babies and toddlers is considerably higher than in children and adults. Finally, it is possible to say that the results of the thesis advert to nursing problems which are solved during the care of children with diarrhoeal diseases. They can also help nurses realize the mistakes they make during the nursing of children with diarrhoeal diseases and improve the quality of nursing these children.
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Issues associated with hospitalization of children with parents staying with them
ŽÁKOVÁ, Lucie
I chose the topic of my thesis-the problems of child´s hospitalization with parents at children´s ward, because ill children and in hospital should not stay alone. The care should be focused on their psychic and also on their parents who are afraid and worried about their child. In the theoretical part of my work the branch paediatrics is mentioned first, followed partly by history of children medicine and nursing. Contemporary system of children´s care is described and developmental periods of children are mentioned in short. Then concepts like health, illness, coping with illness in different age periods continue. Further chapters are devoted to the family of ill child, preparation for hospitalization and nursing process in child at the ward. Practical part is focused on parent´s and nurses´ opinion on the problems, their opinions whether they prefer hospitalization together with parent or just short-time visits of a child who is hospitalized. The data were investigated with the help of two kinds of questionnaires. The first one was established for nurses working at the ward, the other one was for parents or company of hospitalized children. It was found out that Hypothesis I:{\crqq}Parents prefer hospitalization with the child{\crqq} was confirmed. But Hypothesis II:``Nurses prefer in child´s hospitalization just short visits of parents{\crqq} was not confirmed because nurses prefer common hospitalization of parents and their children to short-time visits. The results of this thesis can be used both by children stations and other people who are interested in the problems.
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The satisfaction of child´s needs in the establishment: nursery
KLABOUCHOVÁ, Lea
The bachelor thesis is aimed at the determination of the level of satisfying biological and psychical needs of children in facilities of the nursery-like type. Nurseries belong to special health-care facilities ensuring the all-round development of children in accordance with the provisions of Act 20/1996 of the Law Code, section 38. In the 1990s these facilities were mostly liquidated, now the attendance is about 1% of the children up to 1 year of age. However, nowadays the concept of nursery-like care seems to gain in importance. The objective of the thesis was to find if the nursery-like health care facilities can satisfy the child´s biological and psychical needs. The thesis elaboration was based on qualitative research, on the analysis of documents, methods of observation and interviews with the nurses in the facility as well as the parents of the observed children. The survey took place in Emil Pitter Nursery in České Budějovice. The facility belongs to the allowance organization network Nurseries and Shelters, České Budějovice. The sample consisted of eight children who regularly attended the facility. The case reports involved in the thesis comprise the information obtained at the stage of survey.
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Psychosocial support of children around the surgery planned operations
BLÁHOVÁ, Ilona
The study is focused on sufficient psychosocial support for children before and after planned surgical operations. This area of nursing has been still underestimated although medicine and nursing has been developing very fast in the Czech Republic. The importance of this support is often forgotten even if the contact between a child and his mother [parent] in such a difficult situation can definitely bring many positives. Unfortunately, children indicated for an operation are separated from their parents just at the hospital receptions or entering the operating room. The following preoperative preparation usually miss any psychological aspects and satisfactory explanation to children. They are often frightened and cry so it becomes very difficult for a nurse anesthetist to calm them down. Therefore the premedication and anesthetics have to be much stronger. Furthermore the psychic burden and total discomfort can cause many complications during the operation itself or in the postoperative care. The aims of this work was to find out if parents are interested in active attendance in preoperative preparation and postoperative care of their children, map out anaesthetist opinions on the fact that parents can accompany their children up to the operating room and compare advantages and disadvantages of it. In addition I tried to compare the occurrence of postoperative complications with children they have psychosocial support of their parents and those who are unaccompanied. This work was also focused on international comparison of the level and range of psychosocial care of children surgical patients among the Czech Republic, Hungary and Austria. All aims stated at the beginning were fulfilled. Within quantitative research five hypotheses were stated: 1/ Parents are interested in active attendance in preoperative preparation of their children indicated for operations. 2/ Parents are interested in taking part in postoperative care of their children. 3/ Anaesthetist nurses prefer children accompanied by their parents to the operating room. 4/ There are much less operative and postoperative complications if children are supported by their parents. 5/ Other countries (Austria, Hungary) encourage parents to accompany their children for operations much more than it is in the Czech Republic. Two research questions focused on the comparison of the level and range of psychosocial support of children surgical patients in the Czech Republic and abroad were defined for qualitative data analysis. 1/ Are there big differences in psychosocial care of children surgical patients in the Czech Republic and abroad (Austria, Hungary)? 2/ Are there good conditions for solid psychosocial care of children patients in the Czech Republic?
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The Beginning Preparation for Playing the Piano
DAVIDOVÁ, Veronika
This seminary work is divided into four chapters in which the aspects important for the beginning of the piano play are analysed. The first chapter deals with musical ontogenesis in men at particular periods {--} from the prenatal period to the period of adolescence. The second chapter mentions the main participants in pedagogical process - child, teacher and parent whose role in pedagogical process is essential. The third part describes briefly the psychology of musical abilities, the range of problems related with talent and dispositions, inborn and gained dispositions and finally it deals with the disposition defects and the causes of its origin. The last chapter mentions the development of child´s musicalness, musical perception and creativity. The personal experience with child´s piano education at a young age is a part of this seminary work.
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Social and Psychological Situation in a Family with a Combined Disability Child
MAŠKOVÁ, Hana
The thesis focuses on social and psychological situation in a family with a child with combined disabilities, starting with the birth of the child and following reactions of the parents, family and society to this new situation. The thesis deals with different problems in the area of decision making in further possible steps concerning the child care and also with the way how to deal with given problems. The aim is to point to the parents who have a child with combined disability and to illustrate their situation from the beginning, showing how they cope with the situation. The practical part contains a research which is based on the questionnaire filled in by parents who have a child with combined disability. The questionnaire focuses above all on the parents, their situation and the change of their lives after the birth of their child, partnership, environment, help and other organizations that frequent the parents and their children.
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Weekend activities of czech families - depending on a season
HOLÁ, Věra
In my work, I focused on activities in Czech families during Saturday and Sunday, depending on season. Theoretical part summarises present knowledge to this theme from literature and other sources. The main contens of second part is analysis of data, obtained from investigation in families using selected methods {--} questionary, interview, observation. Reported data are summarized in tables and demonstrated in graphs. From comparison of weekend activities of mothers and fathers, it ensued, that mothers put in child and household care considerably more time. Men {--} fathers attend much more to rest and spare-time activities. Totally, passive way of spending pastime prevails. Based on these results, recommondations are conceived in conclusions.
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Using the tools of PR in the educational and training institutions
HAJSKÝ, Ondřej
The primary objective of this work was to introduce readers to the basic terminology in the field of Public relations and outline their ties to marketing communication. The practical part is focused (by using the results of a questionnaire survey and interview school management) determination of tools used in PR and their effectiveness, potential communication channels and factors that influence students'decisions on the selection of the following schools. After reading this thesis, the reader should have also an idea of how to evaluate the satisfaction of customers (in this case the students).
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Newborn individualized developmental care of the babies born before week 32 their gestation age from the view of the nursing staff
TROUPOVÁ, Jitka
Currently, the care of premature newborn infants and their parents is mainly focused on the so-called Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) that is aimed at protection of the developing central nervous system of a premature child.The aim of nursing care is to help premature child to cope with the premature delivery. To adjust the environment and the way of care so it suits the individual needs of every child. The support of the parental role and the efforts to involve parents in the care of a newborn infant as early as possible are stressed. The following objectives were defined in the diploma thesis. To process experience with introducing new forms of the developmental care of excessively or extremely premature newborn infants from the point of view of nursing. To characterize current provision of individualized developmental care of newborn infants born before week 32 of gestation. To map the role of the nurse in delivering individualized developmental care and to find out how parents perceive the developmental care of excessively and extremely premature newborn infants. 4 research questions were raised on the basis of the objectives of the thesis. Which forms of the individualized developmental care are used in care of a newborn infant born before week 32 of gestation most? Which problems do nurses have to cope when employing individualized developmental care in the day-to-day care of newborn infants born before week 32 of gestation with and which roles of nurses are applied most when providing care? How do parents of newborn infants born before week 32 of gestation perceive the care of their child included in the individualized developmental care? The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the issue of excessively and extremely premature newborn babies, characteristics of the individualized developmental care and the nursing strategies, the role of a nurse and the role of parents. The practical part is focused on the qualitative research. The results of the research suggest the nurses have included the individualized developmental care into the nursing care of premature newborn infants at the Department of Neonatal Medicine in the Hospital in České Budějovice, however, not in its full extent. The parents perceive the included aspects of this care positively,the nursing staff is important. The research has identified problems nurses have to cope with when they implement this care and what the reserves in the implementation are. A map of the individualized developmental care that can be used by nurses in practice is the result of the research.
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Parents in the Process of Adoption
ČERMÍN, Radek
The work deals with the status of a parent in the process of adoption. The purpose is the elaboration of the recent legal regulation and in the conclusion of the theses there is the comparison of recent legislation with the newly prepared bill in an articulated arrangement of the civil code. First there are the concepts determined, which are important for the subject {--} the maternity, the paternity, the child and the adoption. In the next part there is the law issue of the adoption processed, which can be revocable or irrevocable and the law issue of the parent´s consent with the adoption, direct or blanket, which is one of the most important conditions for the implementation of adoption. relating to the necessity of the parent´s consent, there are also the exceptions from this rule alleged. At the close of the theses there is the comparison of the recent legislation with the changes, which new bill of the Civil Code could bring, if it is enacted. To this question there is necessary to mention, that some amendments could help to the whole process of adoption, another amendments are minimally quetionable.
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