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Beneš’ Concept of Democratic State in the course of the World War I and in the beginning of state
Broklová, Eva
In his intentions and aims related to the establishment of the Czechoslovak State and its keeping within the founding ideas, E. Beneš was in agreement with T. G. Masaryk. The resistance movement’s starting point was that limitations upon the power of nation do not comply with democratic principles. In his works, Beneš however shows autonomous ways of solving political issues, mostly grounded on a scientific base. His concept was based on a study of individualism in the history of philosophy, theory of political partisanship, democratic ideals, and empiric method. To solve the Czech issue he demanded that Austria-Hungary should be overthrown as being an oppressor of nations and a support of Germany. He intended to build "The most democratic state from a social point of view and the most progressive one from a political viewpoint". Beneš was a co-creator and re-builder of a state.
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The Secret Journeys: "The Revolutionary Couriers"
Hájková, Dagmara
The contribution deals with the journeys of Czech-Americans from neutral USA to Austro-Hungarian Monarchy during the First World War. The war limited the personnel traveling, especially, between the belligerent countries. The Czechoslovak independence movement created unique style for secret exchange of the information by means of messengers. The work discusses the criteria for choice of couriers, as well as suitable routes, financial supplies and possibilities of obtaining the passports. It considers practical result of "secret journeys".
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Project Economic and Social History of World War
Mádlová, Vlasta
Paper treats of a project of the Carnegie endowment for international peace. The contents of the project was to be a publication of the extensive undertaking Economic and Social History of the World War. The intended collected work was to be devoted to economic and social influences of the Great War in sixteen European countries, incl. Czechoslovakia. The project began to be realized from 1920, and more than 200 researchers participated in it. From the Czechoslovak part only one volume, Alois Rašín, dealing with financial policy of Czechoslovakia, was issued.
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Bedřich Václavek and the World War I. 1914-1918-1926
Kábová, Hana
The paper contributes to the biography of Bedřich Václavek (1897-1943), literary theoretician, historian and ethnologist. Founded on archives resources (deposited in the Literary Archive pf the Museum of the Czech Literature, especially his diaries and correspondence) it deals with Václavek's writing, with his poetry and prose, and with his everyday life during the World War I.
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Russian captivity as the whole-life professional inspiration. War years of botanist Josef Podpěra
Pazdera, David ; Kodera, Pavel
In the introduction of the study authors present their working typologization of career of Czech scientists during WW I. Consequently, they begin with the analysis of a war line of a Czech, or Moravian botanist Josef Podpěra, who is an interesting example how the military conflict in the certain circumstances could be an important benefit for a professional career. On the eve of the war Podpěra was an officer of c. k. Landsturm. In March 1915, when the fortification Přemyšl fell, he was taken as a Russian prisoner and was transported into eastern Russia town Ufa where he began with studying Russian nature and botany, since autum 1915 even under the patronage of the gubernian museum in Ufa. His scientific activity in Ufa was continuing till the approach of Czechoslovak legions which he joined in summer 1918. The continuance in Ufa gave Podpěra a solid base of knowledge of Russian nature and botany, which he built his very succesfull career at Masaryk university in Brno after war on.
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The unusual memorial of the victims of Great War in Obříství in Mělník district
Pazdera, David ; Kodera, Pavel
At the introduction of the article the authors attempt to draw a basic standartization of the monuments and memorials of soldiers perished in WW I on the teritory of Czech Lands. Next they keep a thorough analysis of the growth and commemorative using of the memorial of victims of Great War in Obříství village in Mělnicko district. Their intentions is to find the reason why this memorial has an unusual form of a symbolic cemetery which is not typical for this kind of buildings. The reason for the form lies with the fact that the main person who was responsible for the inspiration and organisation of the growth of the memorial was the priest in Obříství Karel Peininger. This is also a very unusual feature of the memorial because the monuments and memorials in Czechoslovakia between the world wars were symbols of a secularized ideology of the new state.
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German Diplomatic Relations during the Weimar Republic
Pýcha, Jan ; Veselý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Šauer, Jaroslav (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the German position in international relations after the World War I and its development during the postwar years till Hitler's seizure of power. The text follows diplomatic activities of the defeated world-power from the Paris Peace Conference and deals with all key happenings at that time. It also points out the main German steps to the emancipation after being forced to bear the responsibility for starting the war. This thesis analyses fundamental issues of the twenties and early thirties within the German context including the reparations or the main security issues.
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