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Synantropis lepidopterans in Pelhřimov cemeteries
RŮŽIČKA, Libor
The presented study is to a degree a continuation to the author's bachelor thesis: Occurrence of Lepidoptera order within the district of Pelhrimov. This study is now focusing on the evaluation of research on moths found in five cemeteries located within this district during the year 2014. The area of interest is located in the south of the Czech republic, in the Region Vysocina. Measured from an entomological point of view, it is a cooler region with a lower diversity of the Lepidoptera order. Cemeteries in general represent very interesting localities well suited for entomological research, which has not been so far sufficiently recognized by members of the entomological academic community, but may represent a refugium in otherwise uniform landscape. During my research I recorded altogether 130 moth species during the period in question. The location number 5 (Cemetery in Cetoraz) has been evaluated as the one with the highest species richness, reaching documented occurrence of 63 species of the order Lepidoptera.
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Phylogeography of \kur{Boloria eunomia} and comparison with similarly distributed species
MAREŠOVÁ, Jana
Phylogeography, phylogeny and population structure were studied in two similarly distributed butterflies, the Bog Fritillary (Boloria eunomia) and the Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Boloria selene). Sequences of mitochondrial gen for COI and nuclear Wingless and Arginine Kinase were used for analyses, for reconstruction of evolutionary relationships within both species and for comparison of phylogeography patterns.
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Phylogeography of mountain butterfly ??Bicyclus anisops in West Africa
PETRŮ, Vojtěch
The Gulf of Guinea Highlands is a unique mountane range of volcanic origin, situated on the African mainland in the borther of Nigeria and Cameroon, and the Gulf of Guinea islands of Bioko, S?o Tomé and Príncipe. This area is highly unique as the only large mountains in central and western Africa. The high degree of isolation of these mountains generated high degree of endemism of many groups of organisms; the whole region is thus one of the world biodiversity hotspots (known as the West African Forests). Despite its tremnedous conservation importance, this mountain range is under strong anthropogenic influence, as one of the most densely populated areas in tropical Africa. Despite all these factors, the conservation efforts in West Africa focused mainly on lowland areas of rain forests, whilst only few conservation effort is focused to the mountain habitats. As the other result, the lack of comprehensive biogeographic and phytogeographical studies of mountain flora and fauna is obvious. In this work, I have summarized the results of all crucial studies of the biogeography of the Gulf of Guinea Highlands. I also obtained sequences of three mitochondrial genes (COI, COII, and ND1) of an endemic montane butterfly Bicyclus anisops. Variability in the studied genes was relatively low. Phylogenetic analyses separated haplotypes into 7 well-established groups (1st Mt. Cameroon, 2nd Nkogam I, 3rd Nkogam II, 4th Bakossi-Kupe-Manengouba-Bani, 5th Mbam, 7th Hosséré Enla Fabo 6th all others localities (tj. Bamenda-Banso Mts., Acha Tugi, Mbam, Ngel Nyaki, Gotel Mts.)) but did not significantly resolved relationships among them. Based on the hyplotype diversity of B. anisops as an umbrella species, Mt. Cameroon, Nkogam, Mbam Massif, Mbiame, Hosséré Enla Fabo, Mt. Manengouba, Mt. Kupe and Mt. Oku are considered as localities of the highest conservation importance.
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Ecology and evolution of mountain butterflies
KLEČKOVÁ, Irena
The thesis deals with speciation processes, thermal ecology and habitat use in Holarctic mountain and arctic butterflies. It demonstrates a crucial role of environmental heterogeneity for speciation, survival of butterfly lineages, coexistence of closely related species and, finally, for resource use of sexes with different habitats demands at the level of individual species.
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Population genetics of two endangered fritillary butterflies in the Moravian Carpathians
LEŠTINA, Dan
Annotation Populations of two sympatric large fritillary species, the High Brown Fritillary (Argynnis adippe) and the Niobe Fritillary (A. niobe), were studied using microsatellite markers to assess and compare potential population subdivision in a relatively preserved landscape of the Czech part of the Carpathians. The results are confronted with data obtained from a smaller-scale mark-release-recapture study, with species? known life histories and namely with their conservation status, all of which is also considered in explaining the obtained patterns of genetic diversity.
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Transformation of butterfly fauna on a middle scale: Situation in the South Bohemian Region.
ZAPLETAL, Michal
This thesis summarises historical and recent information on the distribution of butterflies in South Bohemian region, based on 130 records from literature, collections and recording reports, amassed during Mapping of Czech Republic butterflies. Historical and present distributions of each of 130 butterfly species found in their region are displayed on distribution maps. Out of the 130 species, 42,1 % is already extinct, while 24,1 % is threatened to some extend. Comparison with the situation in entire Czech Republic reveals a higher rate of extinctions, which is probably a function of smaller total area. Compared with the Czech Republic total, xerophilous species suffered higher losses in South Bohemia, whereas species of mesic habitats are relatively less endangered and for peat bogs specialists, the region represents a major refugium. Priorities for further research and active conservation measures are discussed.
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Ecology of butterflies traditionally managed submontane meadows
ZIMMERMANN, Kamil
The persistence of Marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) and its relationships with five other closly related and co-occuring Nymphalidae butterflies was studied in identical habitat networks. Basic demography and dispersal patterns, and their consequences for conservation strategies, were investigated across mutliple sites and seasons.
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Does butterfly mating behaviour change with phenological condition of populations?
VLAŠÁNEK, Petr
The optimization theory assumes that males of insects with separate adult generations should preferentially invest into the mating if there are the most fresh females; in other times they should save energy and focus on maintenance activities. Based on this assumption, butterfly behaviour should change with season, population density (mainly the sex ratio) and day time. To explore these assumptions, we used mark recapture data obtained from several mark-recapture studies, which contained records of behaviour of each handled individual. In total, we analysed data on 14 species, 24 ``butterfly-seasons{\crqq}, 21 737 individuals (14 228 males, 7 509 females). We subjected the behavioural data to ordination analyses controlled for weather effects. For daily patterns, morning and afternoon activities comprise mainly of maintenance activities, while mating seems to occur in middays. Regarding seasonal patterns, males of most of the species switched from mating behaviour to maintenance behaviour. No prevailing trend applied to females, in which we found both transitions from mating behaviour to maintenance activities and opposite patterns. Density predictors (sex ration, daily population size) revealed changes in mating behaviour of one sex with changing the abundance of the other sex. In conclusion, exploring mark-recapture data for behavioural patterns proved to be fruitful, but cannot fully replace studying behaviour via more traditional ethological methods.
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