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The analysis of pastures in selected farm and recommendation of suitable grazing system and intensity
TICHÁ, Pavlína
This thesis at first discusses the importance of permanent grasslands, establishing and revival of pastures, further dividing agrobotanical groups, homogeneity of pastures and the treatment and fertilization of grasslands. The second part focuses on the breeding of cattle, commercial properties and targets in breeding herds. It deals with the Aberdeen angus beef, that is kept at monitored sites. In addition, the organization and the division of pastures. The third part contains observational monitoring of grassland. The effects of different grazing systems on pasture vegetation were observed at the selected pastures areas. Forage crop characteristics were measured and the suitable grazing system was designed and system of usage and treatment of pasture vegetation was designed. The observation was greatly complicated because of the excessive rainfall (floods) in the first third of the grazing season.
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The Moving Activity of Beef Cattle During the Whole Year Outdoor Lairage
ZACH, Ondřej
The bachelor thesis is focused on the moving activity of beef cattle with whole year outdoor lairage. The aim of the work was the observation and evaluation of the moving activity in relation to day time and the state of health of cattle. Ethologic observations were made, during which the basic life displays were observed. The aim was to analyse the daily regimen in various conditions of breeding and to find out influences disturbing their contentment. The observation of the motion activity was gauged by Vitalimeters which were placed on the animal's neck. The measurement does not prove the difference between moving activity of Charolais cattle and Aberdeen Angus cattle.
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The influence of pasture system and pasture exploitation on sward structure and soil properties
ŠTAFKOVÁ, Kateřina
The aim of the thesis is an influence of a grazing method and a frequency of grazing and the influence of grassland load on its composition and the soil enviroment. The basis is a literature rewiew which contains a brief outline of productive and nonproductive function of permanent grasslands, grazing systems, influence of individual livestock on grassland formation and ecological conditions influencing composition of a permanent grassland. The experimental part was performed at Carlsbad region near a village named Fojtov. The experiment includes botanical images of three different grazings, cattle, horse and sheep. At these grazings were made three observations, on the 27th of April 2012, on the 15th of June 2012 and on the 13th of September 2012. At the cattle grazing were made observations at three different growth types, at the sheep grazing were made at two different growth types considering a slope of grassland and on the horse grazing was made one observation. Obtained informations were used for calculation of species diversity indices (Simpsons and Hills) and for water regime of site. A part of the practical part was also to calculate overall grazing load for a grazing period and the grazing load for each grazing cycle.
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The influence of way and intensity of grassland exploitation on sward composition and crop yield
BARTOŠ, Ondrej
The aim of this work is to assess the influences of various methods of cultivating and making use of permanent grasslands in respect of their surface structure and productivity. At the same time we have to take into account the production and extra-production importance of permanent grasslands. That is affected by exploiting different pratotechnic methods (mowing, grazing, alternate ways of cultivation, absence of cultivation) which have an effect on the formation of vegetation structure of the grass growth. One of the consequent aspects is also fytocenologic and production characteristics of the grass growth. In the work there are also methods of assessment and classification of space types and the summary of the most widespread ones mentioned. The earning capability of various growth types and proper methods of their exploiting is also an important part of the work. Permanent grasslands are main component of fodder for livestock, and throught them we can make livestock farming more effective. For the best quality and profit of grasslands is necessary proper preparing a land, mainly by manuring and mulching. Well manured grasslands give higher crop yield than unmanured. Crop yield also dependson climatic conditions and soil qualities. Plant and grass biomass presents materials of identical origin, which can be used in various branches of agriculture and industry.Using appropriate pratotechnic procedures, corresponding with ecological and economical conditions, we can expect high-quality yield. Combination of mowing and grazing appears as the most convenient utilization of grasslands. Mulching is alternative and the cheapest way of farming on not used (by mowing or grazing) grasslands, because it prevents overgrowningUtilization of grasslands a grazings must be conected with enviromental protection and should be sustainable.
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The influence of way and intensity of grazing on sward composition, homogenity and productivity of permanent grassland
TICHÁ, Pavlína
Abstract: This thesis deals with the first part fytocenologickými and production characteristicsof grasslands. Importance and influence of different ways and intensities of grazingon the formation of stand composition and homogeneity of pasture vegetation. It alsodeals with the productivity of pastures and nedopasků in different ways and intensity of grazing. There are different compared to literature data. The second part deals with the materials and methodology of his own observation,when the farm was chosen areas of permanent grassland with different ecological conditions, with different management practices were evaluated and their vegetationcomposition, productivity, biodiversity and grazing value.
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Influence of different process of farming on permanent meadow
SEJPKOVÁ, Jana
Researched topic is to asses the influence of different proces of farming on permanent grassland (livestock grazing vegetation, mowing, various agronomic measures). The goal is to realize and make a proposal that farming on permanent grassland is more profitable, what is the best quality forage biomass and what effect it may have on foragestand composition. The use of grassland farming activities is necessary because grasslands are one of the major components of feed base for livestocks as well as participate in some non-productive functions of agriculture. If there is no farming on grassland, there would be a succession and consequently climax forest condition. It is also important to respect the potential of natural habitat, conserving agroecosystem biodiversity and minimize the negative impact of civilization on the environment.
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Grazing and grazing systems in prehistoric Europe
BELAVÁ, Barbora
This bachelor work deals with pasture and pastoral strategies in prehistoric Europe. This work summarizes informations about spectrum of breeding species of farm animals and types of pastoral landscape on the basis of archaeozoological and archaeobotanical data. It also dwells on the food resources, especially leaf fodder.
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INFLUENCE BEHAVIOR GRAZING ON DAIRY CATTLE
HŮRSKÁ, Miriam
The work was based on my own watching and the aim of this work was to determine basic vital signs of dairy cows breed in grazing system in the submontane area of South Bohemia. Herd of breeding cows, consisting of the Holstein breed, the Jersey breed and the Czech Pied Cattle crossbred with the Jersey, in quantity of 53 heads. During the year 2010 there were six behavioral watchings namely from June to October. Each watching lasted 24 hours and there was used the method of watching in the group with the time interval of 10 minutes. Cattle vital signs were watched: feed intake-grazing, lying down-resting, standing and movement.
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The effect of different management on plant diversity and biomass production of grass stands
JÍLKOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of different management practises on submontane meadow plant diversity, species richness and biomass production. The experiment was carried out in the submontane region Šumava (Kaplicko, Velký Chuchelec, Údolí Velenovského potoka). There were applied four types of management {--} continual grazing, mulching, fallow (Velký Chuchelec) and mowing (Údolí Velenovského potoka). Plant diverzity and hay production has been observing for three years. Obtained data were used for calculation Simpson and Hill index diverzity, value of fodder quality and nutritive and water regime (condition) of site. Values were used for statistical computing (ANOVA, Fischer LSD test). The plant species diverzity and biomass production are significantly affected by grassland management (treatment). Mulching and fallow lead to lower species richness and increases the coverage of grasses. Hay production is higher on mulching and fallow stands and on mowed stands than on continuously grazed stands. Mowing leads to higher species richness. Is necessary to conserve this status by mowing or the better way is to intesify contemporary management.
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