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Basic Aspects of Population Protection against Consequences of Chemical Terrorism in the Czech Republic
Drápal, Stanislav ; Hradil, Jaroslav (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
The theme of my bachelor work is The basic aspect of population protection against conseqences of chemical terrorism in the Czech Republic. In my bachelor work, I drew from home and foreign sources over the past ten years. The opening part of my work deals of basic concepts relating to terrorism and its branches. It states some case studies of terrorist attacks against civil inhabitants with the aid of chemical agents. The middle part engages in a characteristic and dividing of particular chemical warfare agents and dangerous toxic chemical agents. There are stated lawful norms and measures used in the Czech Republic. Also processes of medical sectors Emergency Rescue System in provision of pre-hospital urgent care in cases of mass impairment of health. In closing I analyse preparedness of inhabitants in the Czech Republic to possibility of a chemical terrorist attack and I suggest a handbook „The danger of a chemical attack“ to civil inhabitants.
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Conception of Population Protection till 2020 and its Possible Reflection in the Teaching at the Elementary and Secondary Schools
Pajpachová, Veronika ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (referee) ; Novák, Jaromír (advisor)
The topic of the bachelor thesis is Conception of population protection till 2020 and its possible reflection in the teaching at the elementary and secondary schools. The issue of teaching of Population Protection was neglected at the end of the last century. Therefore it is necessary to create a functional system that would allow access for school children to a high standard education. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the history of population protection. It also describes emergencies in the Czech Republic and contains a review of educational manuals and tools used during the education. The second part represents the Conception of population protection till 2020 and shows the current state of education. The conclusion deals with a proposal of the educational system.
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Facilities of Civil Protection for Issue of Means of Individual Protection
Jokešová, Markéta ; Doležel, Ludvík (referee) ; Svoboda, Bohuslav (advisor)
Bachelor thesis deals with the protection of population and with the means of the individual protection. The thesis is devided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The first theoretical part covers the means of individual protection for the given categories of people and it presents the legislation which is concerned this topic as well. The second practical part includes a plan of area coverage with the facilities of the civil protection for the issues of means of individual protection in Brno - north city district.
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Importance of Emergency Phones for Crisis Management and Civil Protection
Obadalová, Kristýna ; Rosická, Zdena (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
In order to gather relevant information, extensive literature search in domestic as well as foreign sources was carried out and quoted in the thesis presented. This bachelor thesis is dealing with emergency extension line significance both for crisis management and population protection. The topic is focused on mapping problems related to emergency lines within the Czech Republic territory, in particular telephone number 112. The thesis characterizes emergency calls structure, emergency call centers, their hierarchy, significance, qualification requirements for emergency call centers operators. The goal of thesis consists in the assessment of current situation within emergency calls system, efficient and reasonable use for saving human lives as well as protection of health, material and environment. The author was able to apply theoretical knowledge systematically while accomplishing practice period at a Brno 112 emergency call centre. The author was capable of verifying importance and function of emergency extensions while participating in the above mentioned specialized center activities. The bachelor thesis covers personal contribution to emergency call centers upgrading considering higher effect. The thesis presents unique chance to participate in controlled calls with emergency call centers operators resulting in gathering valuable information. The thesis also includes short population research targeted at knowledge and skills in order to get emergency call information needed.
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Comparison of inhabitants readiness from emergency planning zones Nuclear power plant Dukovany (Czech Republic) and Jaslovské Bohunice (Slovakia) in the area of population protection including influence of population differentiation
KOLÁŘ, Jiří
Superior readiness of the inhabitants for the emergency situation caused by radiation accident is a very important condition for managing these situations, further for trouble-free adoption of measures related to the protection of life and health for each individual. Persons should be conscious of the hazard of emergency situations and within oneself be prepared to help themselves and each other. The objective of this master thesis is to examine the readiness of the inhabitants of the emergency planning zones of the Nuclear power plants in Czech Republic (Dukovany NPP) and in Slovakia (Jaslovské Bohunice NPP) to the emergency situation and to assess, if the readiness in both countries differs. The Nuclear power plants in Dukovany and in Jaslovské Bohunice were chosen for the particular reason, that both facilities were constructed and put into operation at the time of existence of the common state of Czech and Slovaks. The starting point is a working thesis that the readiness of the inhabitants for managing the emergency situation in the planning zones of the Nuclear power plants in Czech Republic and in Slovakia was on the same level. Considering the population differentiation, I analysed separately the answers of respondents in the age group of the 4165 year old. Theoretical part of my thesis initially focuses on the historical development of Nuclear power plants on the territory of the former Czechoslovakia and deals with the advantages and disadvantages of the production of electricity in a fission reaction. The other part deals with safety and operational security of the Nuclear power plants. Here is mentioned the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale, including the examples of nuclear facilities accidents. At the conclusion of the theoretical part is a survey of legislative regulations concerning the nuclear safety and protection of the population in both countries and a survey of measures concerning protection of the population in the event of radiation accident. The experimental part of my thesis started in form of questionnaire inquiry by the inhabitants of both emergence planning zones. Half of the 16 questions in total is analysed by the means of descriptive and mathematical statistics, the answers to the other questions refer to behavior, informedness, readiness and differing needs of individuals in case of emergency shelter in place or evacuation from the actual occurrence of radiation accident. The hypothesis was verified by applying the two-selective parametric testing. By means of the t-test it could be proved, that there is no statistically significant difference between the inhabitants readiness in the both emergence planning zones. The hypothesis was therefore accepted. By applying the chi-square test it was elicited, that the empirical distribution of both selective statistical sets can by replaced by a normal distribution, both empirical curves can by therefore replaced by a Gauss curve. This partial research focuses on the age group of the 41-65 year old. Also in this case could be proved by means of chi-square test the normality of both statistical sets. Also the application of two-selective parametric testing approved, that the readiness of the population of the age group under investigation do not vary in the both zones. The particular answers were recorded graphically and in the following discussion were commented the differences and specifics with regard to the differing knowledge, behavior and specific requirements of the people in case of evacuation. In context of the results measured in the particular zones of accident planning it could be useful to consider, if in place of the normal distribution of readiness not another for example the Poisson distribution - would be more suitable, that could possibly testify better readiness for emergency accidents. Very important role plays enlightenment and education in such form that will arouse interest in the given problems in the population.
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The statistical investigation of selected tasks in protection of the population in emergency planning zones of nuclear power plants
HAJÍČKOVÁ, Iva
The thesis deals with statistical investigation of selected tasks in population protection in emergency planning zones of nuclear power plants.The issues of population protection have been developing since 1930s up to now.Currently,the population protection is addressed particularly in concepts of population protection,while the most recent one is the Population Protection Concept until 2020 with an Outlook to 2030.The objective of the thesis was to compare awareness of the population in emergency planning zones of nuclear power plants.With regard to a potential extraordinary event,in this case a radiation accident,the awareness of the population plays a significant role.The theoretical part of the thesis analyzes population protection,legal regulations and documents dealing with this topic.It also defines measures in population protection which seek to mitigate impact of extraordinary events or emergency situations on health and lives of the population,property and the environment.The thesis also mentions emergency planning and describes types of emergency plans.The second section of the theoretical part describes selected statistical methods.The last chapter of the theoretical part describes methods of multidimensional statistics.The following hypotheses and partial hypotheses were formulated in the research part of the thesis to meet its objective: H1 There is no statistically significant difference between the emergency planning zone of the nuclear power plant Temelín and the emergency planning zone of the nuclear power plant Dukovany.H11 There is no statistically significant difference in awareness among men about a potential extraordinary event at NPP Temelín and NPP Dukovany.H12 There is no statistically significant difference in awareness among women about a potential extraordinary event at NPP Temelín and NPP Dukovany. H2 The awareness of the population in emergency planning zones of both the nuclear power plants has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H21 The awareness of the population (men) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Temelín has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H22 The awareness of the population (women) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Temelín has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H23 The awareness of the population (men) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Dukovany has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H24 The awareness of the population (women) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Dukovany has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.All the formulated hypotheses were tested with methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The research was conducted with questionnaires handed out in the emergency planning zones of NPP Temelín and NPP Dukovany.The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions and it was filled out by 242 men and 270 women in the zones.All data used in the research were provided to me within the project "Population protection depending of differentiation of the population" safety survey (VG20132015122) performed at the department of radiology,toxicology and population protection at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice in cooperation with the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic.Results of the research have shown that the average awareness of the population living in the emergency planning zones of the nuclear power plants is less than 50% and that the knowledge of the population about a potential extraordinary event is not satisfactory.The population living in emergency planning zones of both the nuclear power plants could be exceptionally prepared for a potential non-standard situation, not only in the form of a Gauss curve.
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The power outages in the hospital Jihlava.
CHVÁTALOVÁ, Jana
Health - without a doubt - is one of the most precious gifts and it is one of the most important values for each of us. The human body fascinates humanity throughout its existence. Since the beginning of the first medicinal extracts to modern robotic surgery, people strive for the same - to prevent diseases, full recovery of health or to bring closer this state. The whole developed society is interested in our good health. It is necessary to ensure the functional part of the infrastructure, so called critical infrastructure. Unplanned power blackout can have disastrous consequences not only for the patients. Plenty of electrical energy is required for the functioning of hospital. The electrical network in the hospital is very fragile. It is necessary to have alternative sources of electricity in hospital. For each hospital is a priority ability to reliably protect the power grid to avoid damaging consequences of its lack. This thesis entitled "Power blackout in Jihlava hospital" focuses on the question of emergency unscheduled power blackout Hospital Jihlava, also explains the basic concepts related to this topic and describes the functioning of the hospital equipment. The theoretical part consists of several chapters which provide basic information about electricity, the electricity grid, power plants, transmission and distribution systems, principles and functioning of the hospital. There is clear description of the Maslow's pyramid of human needs, in this part is also explanation of the term "blackout" and the incidence of several serious blackouts of electricity in the Czech Republic and worldwide, experience with them and their impact on human society. The practical part is the basic characteristic of Hospital Jihlava, location of alternative sources - diesel power generators, a description of the various sources of electric power, their function and principle of functioning of Hospital Jihlava. The whole research theoretically examined the readiness Hospital Jihlava to power blackout. The basic method of investigation was to collect data that was obtained through a guided interview with the responsible employees, their answers were transcribed into text and then were analyzed risks identified by the method KARS, in order to investigate the size of the impact of the crisis situation on patients. It is assumed that it is sufficiently adequate protection against failure of the power system, that could at power interruptions, endanger patients, staff, expensive diagnostic and surgical instruments actually overall functioning of this important institution. Based on the investigation was identified the need to inform the public, staff, patients and top management. Technicians may well ensure the functioning of important machinery and equipment. Equally important is understanding of this issue by medical staff to be well versed in an emergency situation quickly. The behavior and conduct of staff could help manage the situation without major problems and reduce imminent risk of impact on patiens and expensive instrumentation to a minimum. Also for this purpose could serve the results of this work. The aim of the thesis was to investigate the effects of a power blackout at the Hospital Jihlava on patients and suggest possible measures. The results of the survey show that a sudden power outage Hospital Jihlava presents a serious threat to its functionality, for this reason, in the final part of my thesis are presented the final recommendations, which can not only reduce the risk of impact on patients.
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Means of population protection against chemical hazards during emergency situations
MRÁZKOVÁ, Silvie
This diploma thesis deals with the methods of population protection from hazardous chemicals in the event of an emergency situation. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of legislation that governs hazardous chemicals and it pays special attention to the risks related to the transportation of hazardous chemicals and their subsequent leakage. The thesis describes selected hazardous chemicals and informs of accidents that have happened recently. It is also pays attention to warnings, evacuation, providing shelter and the means of improvised protection, which is the most important factor for common public. People meet tanker cars transporting chemicals everywhere and every day; therefore, the protection of population should be aimed in this direction. People often do not know how to behave in situations like this. A questionnaire was compiled for research in the practical part; the questionnaire was intended to find out about the level of knowledge among people. Through the evaluation of population informedness and based on the questionnaire results, a suitable form of education was proposed to fill a gap in the knowledge (a pocket guide). At the same time, the questionnaires were distributed among the staff of the Fire and Rescue System with the aim of confirming their preparedness as well. The preparedness of the Fire and Rescue System is also documented by the analysis of photographs from a tactical drill aimed at a leakage of a hazardous chemical during transport.
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"Selected tasks of fire fighting units in protection of the population"
NOSEK, Martin
The objective of this bachelor thesis was to analyze tasks and activities of fire fighting units with a focus on activities in civil defense and protection of the population. The thesis also assessed preparedness and equipment of the fire fighting units. Using a questionnaire survey the thesis investigated the level of knowledge of commanders of voluntary fire brigades in municipalities in the field of civil defense and protection of the population. Recent experience from management of extraordinary events, particularly windstorms and floods, has shown the need to have well-prepared and organized teams available so that they can fulfill specific tasks in civil defense and protection of the population. The organized, but not completely prepared, teams include the voluntary fire brigades in the municipalities. In the introduction to the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis the author provides a historical overview of protection of the population in this country´s conditions, as well as identification of potential risks and extraordinary events which might occur. The thesis also lists types of fire fighting units and their categorization for blanket coverage. The thesis analyzes basic tasks of fire fighting units in the field of civil defense and protection of the population in agreement with Section (§) 30 of the Decree No.247/2001 Coll. For some of those tasks the thesis lists the equipment of professional units in the district of České Budějovice for their performance. At the end of the theoretical part the author analyzes the situation of voluntary fire brigades in the municipalities. The practical part investigated the level of knowledge of commanders of voluntary fire brigades in the municipalities by means of a questionnaire survey. In the discussion the author analyzed the individual questions from the questionnaire. The bachelor thesis concludes that it is necessary to further deepen the knowledge of members of voluntary fire brigades in the municipalities in the field of protection of the population, by means of periodic trainings. The conclusions of this thesis will be used by the Fire Rescue Brigade of the South Bohemian region in the training of commanders of voluntary fire brigades in the municipalities.
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