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Zhodnocení systému nakládání s komunálními odpady ve městě Hodonín
Kyša, Lukáš
This bachelors thesis is evaluation of municipal waste management in Hodonín. The first part thesis is about legislativ, the regulation of town Hodonín, basic concepts of waste management, characteristic of municipal waste and metods of waste management in Hodonín. In this part of thesis is description of town Hodonín, company to waste collection. The next part thesis presented waste production in Hodonín and compared with prioduction ORP Hodonín and the Czech republic. In conclusion the thesis is evaluated system of waste management in Hodonín.
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The influence of energy mix on environmental impacts of waste management
Dočekalová, Veronika ; Kočí, Vladimír (advisor) ; Trecáková, Tatiana (referee)
This paper presents energy mix of Czech Republic and its effects on environmental impacts of waste management. Three technologies: landfilling without energy recovery and landfilling and incineration with energy recovery are assessed using LCA. Results for 1 t of mixed municipal waste are compared in 9 impact categories: abiotic depletion, acidification, eutrophication, global warming, ozone layer depletion, photochemical ozone creation, human toxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity. Landfilling without energy recovery was evaluated as the most harmful technology to the environment, incineration as the most environmentally-friendly one. The use of Czech energy mix made impacts of the energy recovery technologies look lower, contrary to burdens of landfill without energy recovery that resulted higher. The influence of energy mix composition change is discussed further.
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Models for network flow identification
Smejkalová, Veronika ; Kůdela, Jakub (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on development of a mathematical model of network flow in waste managment. The theoretical part of thesis deals with graph theory, network flow and optimization. The next chapter introduces the mathematical model. The model was compiled with the use of Information systems of waste management. The data are very often burdened by error. The task of the model is revelation of those errors to make the data useful. This thesis also includes suggestions for further development.
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Energetické využití nerecyklovatelného směsného komunálního odpadu
Laštůvka, Igor
The aim of the dissertation was set in respect to the decline of caloric value of waste at SAKO Brno incineration plant and decrease of the amount of MSW at landfill in Nemcice in Hana. Smart goal was defined to increase the caloric value of municipal waste components by at least 5%. The theoretical part is basically a comparsion of the development of municipal waste in landfills and combustion. There is also described the historical development of municipal waste management in different times and countries in the paper. Used technologies and individual components raised at landfilling and combustion are compared and scrutinized. This topic is very current since the European Union supports most forms of combustion, in order to minimize landfilling in the next 10 years. The practical part shows technology of waste to energy from municipal waste. There is a procedure set for the classification and sieving of municipal waste, so the energy components are separed and the heating value is increased. There were 3 compared to samples of wastes caloric value was measured in the process within the incinerator SAKO Brno. Highest calorific value was measured for sample no. 2 - communal waste enriched with 1/5 weight plastics calorific 13.09 GJ.t-1. When the calorific value of the operating amounth for producing 42.55 tp.h-1 was needed 10.04 t.h-1 one of said sample. The suggestion part determines the specific procedure. The output is the energetical and economical benefit for the incinerator and the economical benefit for the landfill. We can say that both technologies are maximally used. The conclusion and recommendations summarize all the benefits of the technology, including the risks and opportunies that are associated with this method.
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Design of steam boiler in waste to energy plant
Reiskup, Matěj ; Tomáš, Weigner (referee) ; Skála, Zdeněk (advisor)
The thesis deals with the design of the boiler to combustion of mixed communal waste. The introductory chapters present introduction of the problem, short explanation about fuel of the boiler and speciality of the boiler to combustion of mixed communal waste. The main part is the heat calculation of the boiler, which consists of stoichiometry of the combustion, heat losses, then disposition of heat performances to individual exchange surfaces. In the end is summary of calculation and knowledge consequent of the calculation.
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Heavy Metals Transfer during Waste Incineration
Karásek, René ; Noskievič, Pavel (referee) ; Kabát, Viktor (referee) ; Skála, Zdeněk (advisor)
The municipal solid waste (MSW) is a heterogeneous material that consists mainly of organic and mineral substances, metals and water. After thermal treatment this waste redistributes into individual incineration products. This also holds for the metals contained in the waste. This thesis deals with the behaviour of heavy metals and their compounds during the incineration process. Determining the percentage content of heavy metals from the waste entering the process of thermal utilization is practically impossible. The principal aim is to determine the amount of each heavy metal in the MSW from the incineration products. The opening sections of the thesis deal with waste, options of incineration, flue gas cleaning processes and also with the problems of the heavy metals in the environment. The next section introduces recent developments, what possibilities there are for determining the heavy metals in the waste and methods of data evaluation. The experimental part of the thesis introduces of a four-day measuring process that was conducted at the MSW incineration plant SAKO, Inc. The samples of the individual products of incineration were taken and after the laboratory analysis the results for the selected heavy metals were processed. The results include statistical data analysis.
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Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Possibilities in Microregion
Ucekaj, Vladimír ; Ochodek, Tadeáš (referee) ; Klemeš,, Jiri (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (advisor)
n accordance with Council Directive 1999/31/EC implemented by Regulation number 294/2005 Sb., Czech Republic has agreed to reduce landfilling of biodegradable material contained in mixed municipal waste (BDMW) by 50 % in comparison with 1995 starting January 1, 2013. This causes several problems to municipalities as the issue of mixed municipal waste (MMW) treatment is not handled at any level of state administration. PhD thesis tackles the question which level of state administration - national, regional, or microregional or municipal - should be responsible for waste treatment and whether it is economical and efficient, or not.
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Similar solution identification in the field of stochastic simulation related to waste management
Gal, Pavel ; Frýba, Lukáš (referee) ; Šomplák, Radovan (advisor)
The Master’s thesis deals with the issue of collecting mixed municipal waste from producers to a~waste-to-energy or landfills. The initial chapters are aimed to waste legislation and transportation of the waste by road freight transport across Europe. The objective is to collect the data, that are required for calculation in tool NERUDA. The next part describes the cluster analysis and different approaches in it. The selected methods of cluster analysis are apllied to the logistic task in the final chapters. The cluster analysis is considered from different aspects. The results are visualized using the software ArcGIS.
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Waste management system sustainability
Bravený, Adam ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
The thesis proposes a new approach to assess sustainability of waste management systems. In the first part current mixed municipal waste (MSW) management system of the Czech republic is reviewed and promising MSW treatment techniques are introduced. In the second part a summary of literature on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to assess sustainability of MSW systems is provided. A new sustainability assessment model is proposed by implementing LCA to a current tool called NERUDA used to optimize waste management costing. It is demonstrated how to connect these two concepts in order to aquire a powerful tool for sustainability assessment.
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Application of stochastic programming methods for the purpose of energy producing system
Šomplák, Radovan ; Mrázková, Eva (referee) ; Popela, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of the strategic investment in the waste-to-energy plant development. The central supply of heat and the incineration plant connection can be provided for example by the distribution network. The objective is to find financially feasible solution regarding uncertain development of waste management and energy market. A heat supplies to district heating network significantly influences the strategic decision. A two-stage stochastic programming based on the scenarios and the GAMS software were applied to solve this task. The main contribution of this thesis is decision on crucial parameters of the waste-to-energy plant.
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