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Variability of Ephemeroptera of family Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)
KOLLROSS, Jan
This thesis deals with a variability of the Baetis fuscatus species-group (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). This study contains three main topics: The first one is distinguishing between two highly similar species, Baetis scambus and Baetis fuscatus based on morfological structures, specifically their mouthparts - labial palps. To analyze the shape of the labial palps, I applied a computerized outline analysis. Second topic is focused on the validity of Baetis beskidensis as a distinct species based on the morphology and DNA sequences (obtained for the topotypical material for the first time). And finally, I also investigated some samples from Corsica in attempt to discover new species of the Baetis fuscatus species-group. I found that most probably it is not possible to distinguish between Baetis scambus and Baetis fuscatus based on the shape of their labial palps. Baetis beskidensis is morfologically different, but genetically not distinctly separated from other representatives of the Baetis fuscatus species-group. I didn´t discover any distinct morphological differences in specimens from Corsica, pointing to the possible existence of new species.
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Pragmatic lemmatizer of Czech language
Vacek, Matěj ; Strossa, Petr (advisor) ; Kliegr, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis is focused on lemmatizing of nouns and adjectives. It is based on morphology of Czech language. The goal is to create a lemmatizer which can stem words with success rate 90% (at least). At the same time the lemmatizer should be very easy, it should consist as little rules as possible. Lemmatizer will be created to work with real estate adverts, especially houses for sale. In this thesis there will be made an analysis of specific characters of this area. Lemmatizer will be created according to results of this analysis. Lemmatizer was written in Java. Only three types of rules were used and generally the lemmatizer created correct stems in 96.4% of all words.
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Differences in lymphocyte morfology of children and adults
ZMEŠKALOVÁ, Dagmar
Lymphocytes belong among white blood cells and they are involved in the body defense reactions. With other cells they create the human immunity system. In blood counts they are included in the differential leukocyte budget. Morphology of lymphocytes is evaluated in the microscope. The evaluation of morphology is an important aspect in distinguishing a normal state from a state that is caused by infection or hematological diagnosis. In this dissertation I will be dealing with the percentage of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood from birth to adulthood, measuring cell size and morphology evaluation of four types of cells: normal lymphocytes, atypical small lymphocytes which resemble "hematogones" , atypical large reactive lymphocytes with nucleus changes and esp. in the cytoplasm and and large granular lymphocytes (ie. LGL). On each lymphocyte I also used special staining for visualisation of the nucleoli for evaluation of three types of them - ringed, large and micronucleoli and number of nucleoli in cells. The purpose of this work is a microscopic comparison of the number of lymphocytes, their size, type and type of nucleus as it varies depending at the age from birth to adulthood.
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The morphology of penis and baculum in selected genera of African rodents
HORÁKOVÁ, Sylvie
This master thesis consists of two main parts. The first of them represents a compilation of information and facts about baculum, specifically about its presence, function and evolution in mammals. Further I focused on biological characters of five genera of African muroid rodents (Acomys, Aethomys, Gerbilliscus, Saccostomus, Stenocephalemys), which were analyzed in detail in the second part of my thesis in respect of their penial and bacular morphology.
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Czech as a foreign language. Modified linguistic description of the selected grammatical categories of Czech
KUTLÁKOVÁ, Michala
The goal of this dissertation is to propose and develop theoretical linguistic basis for the branch of Czech as a foreign language. Specifically, it deals with the complex linguistic description of Czech grammar in the function of a foreign language, which would introduce a theoretical solution for the processing of didactic grammars of Czech for foreigners. This description is supposed to provide such a range of linguistic information, which depending on the purpose, enables the variable processing of language structures and simultaneously clarifying the relationships and connections between them. Above mentioned linguistic description of Czech as a foreign language is focused on a specific group of non-native speakers, in our case, a group of non-native speakers, whose mother tongue is German. As it is a model process of description in this dissertation, the attention is only paid to the selected grammatical categories of Czech, namely the grammatical category of the genitive of substantives and verbal aspect. The issue of the description of the grammar of a natural language is initially discussed in general terms, in the part where we define the types of grammars that are relevant to our work. Subsequently we characterize both languages, i.e. Czech and German, in the terms of their differentiation, stratification and typological point of view. The particular linguistic description and its model application, which is the core of this work, is called a modified linguistic description with the reference to Dolník J. (1993). This description is based on five sources. These are the theoretical works of leading Czech and Slovak linguists, dealing with the issue of natural language and works describing Czech grammar. Further starting points for the proposed comprehensive description of Czech grammar is to define particular reference levels according to SERR for Czech as a foreign language, a research unit focused on the target group of non-native speakers and their perception of the difficulties of Czech grammatical phenomena, and last but not least, the research probe carried out in the particular corpora of the Czech National Corpus.
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Polyphasic approach to the taxonomy of selected cyanobacteria
MAREŠ, Jan
The modern taxonomic revision of cyanobacteria is a work in progress, with both theoretical and practical challenges to be addressed. This thesis investigated selected terrestrial cyanobacterial taxa using a polyphasic approach, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis and accompanied by phenotypic characterization and nomenclatural treatment. Diverse methodological approaches were used including optical and transmission electron microscopy, molecular analysis (DNA sequencing) of cyanobacterial strains, single cells and filaments, and phylogenetic analysis of multiple genomic loci. This study provided systematic revisions of individual cyanobacterial genera and the entire phylum, and suggestions for future study projects.
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Vliv nadmořské výšky a jižní expozice na morfologicko-anatomickou stavbu jehlic smrku ztepilého
Bartoňová, Lenka
In the introduction of the thesis is a literature review focused on the morphology, ecology, area of occurrence and the influence of climate on the growth of Norway spruce. Three same-age spruce stands were selected in Jeseníky mountains which had different altitude and the same exposition. Samples of one-year old sun-exposed shoots were taken from the selected stands. On the needles was carried out the morphological-anatomical analysis. It was found, that altitude affects the needle parameters - needles at higher altitudes compared to needles growing on spruces at lower altitudes are thicker, wider, shorter and relatively the area of central cylinder increase compare to needle cross-section area. Exposure affects only the cross-section area, length and the projected area of needles. Using geospatial technologies have been developed predictive maps of solar radiation and altitude influence on needle parameters.
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Biologie rozmnožování u raků
NIKSIRAT HASHJIN, Hamid
The ultrastructure of spermatozoa from six crayfish species were described. The acrosome complex and nucleus are located at the anterior and posterior of the spermatozoon, respectively. The acrosome complex organelle is divided into two main parts: the main body of the acrosome that is a dense inverted cup-shaped structure and organized into three layers of differing electron densities and extended parallel filaments, and the sub-acrosome zone occupying the central part of the acrosome complex, which is divided into two electron dense areas. The spermatozoon of Orconectes limosus is described for the first time. In addition, an acrosome spike in the spermatozoon of Procambarus clarkii is described. Despite a well conserved general structure and similarity of pattern among these spermatozoa, differences in the dimensions of the acrosome within the studied species may be useful to help distinguish the different crayfish. The ultrastructure of the spermatozoon and spermatophore wall of the narrow clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus during three stages including freshly ejaculated, post-mating, and after release of the spermatozoon were described and compared. The crayfish spermatophore consists of a sperm mass enveloped by a three layered spermatophore wall. After mating, the thickness of the outer layer of the spermatophore is increased. The matrix in the middle layer of the spermatophore becomes reticulated, and granules inside this layer release their contents. Fibers in the inner layer degrade to small particles. The spermatozoon capsule swells and space between the capsule and the spermatozoon appears. The area of the plasma membrane is increased by wrinkling of the surface and alteration from a single to a multilayered structure at the anterior part of the acrosome. The density of the subacrosome zone increases in the vicinity of the main body of the acrosome. With the onset of fertilization, the layers of the spermatophore are dissolved by female glair glands secretions. The capsule, plasma membrane, and membranous lamellae are eliminated, and bundles of filaments are released. The subacrosome zone loses electron density and retracts. The electron-dense material of the innermost layer of the acrosome is discharged and, together with filaments, forms a filament/droplet structure at the anterior part of the spermatozoon. The most important change is observed in the subacrosome zone, which may play a key role in the fertilization. Also, morphological changes of the spermatozoon after release from the capsule, especially formation of the filament/droplet structure, may contribute to the mechanism of egg-spermatozoon binding in the crayfish.
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Cryptosporidial infection in hedgehog
HUCLOVÁ, Kristýna
This study involves the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. in hedgehogs. Course of infection based on 405 isolates from 15 hedgehogs obtained during a few months was observed. Morfological and molecular analyses were conducted to detect oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. Altogether 69 (17.01%) samples from 11 hedgehogs were morfologically positive and 81 (19.9%) samples were molecular positive. Only 4 individuals remained negative, the cumulative prevalence represented 73.3 % of total samples. Oocysts from monitored hedgehogs measuring 4.94,7 m (mean = 4.8 m) × 4.0-3.8 m (mean = 3.9 m) with a length to width ratio of 1.22 (1.261.20) (n = 50) in native were indistinguishable from those of C. erinacei and C. parvum. Molecular analyses based on small subunit rRNA, 60 kDa glycoprotein and Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein revealed presence of C. parvum and C. erinacei. Cryptosporidium parvum IIdA18G1 was detected in 11 hedgehogs. Mixed infection with C. parvum with C. erinacei was observed in 3 animals. The C. parvum IIdA18G1 genotype has never been described in hedgehog before. It belongs to zoonotic IId subtype family frequently found in goats and lambs. This subtype was identified in lambs from Great Britain and Spain and also in children from Kuwait. Cryptosporidium erinacei is adapted to hedgehogs and it does not appear to cause clinical disease in hedgehogs. All positive individuals were juvenile and wild hedgehogs.
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