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Maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation for energy use
JIRAŇ, Michal
Maize is one of the world's among one of the most important crops. It is grown not only for food or feed but now increasingly used in industry. One of the possibilities of its use, which in recent years in the Czech Republic increased, the conversion of the biomass in the biogas into methane and other substances generated by anaerobic fermentation. Resulting gas mixture can be used for example to generate electricity through cogeneration units. The work is focused on the description of agricultural operations in the cultivation of maize sown. The work also describes the possibilities of using energy.
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Conservation of corn silage
KŠANDA, Martin
This bachelor thesis deals with using of maize for production of silage that has a high potential and that are an irreplaceable part of a cattle nutrition. The introductory part focuses on the origin, characteristics and description of individual parts of plants. This chapter is followed by a mention of the posibilities and use of silage hybrids of maize. Following chapter describes the procedure of conservation and fermentation. The thesis also mentions microorganisms that have a positive as well as negative influence on the whole procedure. An interesting chapter is an introduction ofa silage additives. The conclusion is about constructions that are used for silage. One of the most important parts of a thesis is a technological description of the procedure of silage, together with harvest methods and factors, which are of great importance for a final product- a good quality and eneregy- rich feed, that a corn silage undoubtedly is.
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Maize growing in the Czech Republic
HOVORKA, Jaroslav
This bachelor thesis deals with the cultivation and use of maize (Zea mays) in the Czech Republic over the past 24 years. The work is written like a literature review. The maize is irreplaceable crop in human nutrition and it is widely used for feeding, industrial use and for energy purposes. Thanks to wide range of hybrids the maize is grown in different climates, with the specific goal of growing and high yield potential. Maize is widely grown crop in our country. There have been changes in the cultivation and use of maize from 1990 to 2013. Thanks to these changes, the Czech Republic became an exporter of maize grain. From the collected data and information, it can be stated that sowing areas are growing. This fact contributed to the construction of agricultural biogas plants, because the maize is the major substrate. Agrotechnics of maize is continually developing and its changes lead to reduction in soil erosion and to higher returns. Other changes that have occurred in agrotechnics, sowing areas, yields and the reasons for those changes are solved in this work.
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The use of cereals for biogas production
FENCL, Lukáš
In these days, renewable resources is a very current topic which also includes biogas production in agricultural biogas stations. Some of the main raw materials used to produce biogas are cereals, which we will be focusing on in this thesis. The use of cereals for energetic purposes results in decreasing the state of non-renewable resources in nature. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarise findings of various possibilities for utilisation of cereals to produce biogas and compare cereals of the 1st and 2nd group. Describe biogas and biogas station linked with it as such, we used biogas station in company ZS Kozojedy, a.s. Cereals are split into two groups and in order to produce biogas you may use both of these groups. Bachelor thesis is mainly focused on two main crops which are now a days very important for production of biogas. Included between these two crops also are: firstly maize, which has worldwide representation in crops grown mainly to make silage; and secondly rye which is more part of new crops from which silage is already being made.
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Agrotechnical demands for establishing growth of the selected annual and perennial energy crops
BÍNA, Martin
The aim of this dissertation is to verify the influence of certain agrotechnical procedures during the growing of selected annual and perrenial plants for use as energy sources. The chosen annual plant was maize (Zea mays L.) and the observed perrenial plant was (Miscanthus x giganteus). The literary overview is aimed at agrotechnical requirements, range of uses and the economic aspects of growing the chosen energy crops. The productive potencial of the chosen plants was then assessed on the basis of the individual agrotechnical procedures. The purpose of growing the plants was the creation of phytomass to be used as a raw material in biogas stations. Field tests were carried out for each plant, and the chosen agrotechnical procedures were then judged on the basis of the tests.
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The effects of low-temperature plasma on initial growth of Brassica napus L. and Zea mays L.
LANDOVÁ, Tereza
Curently seed treatment with low-temperature plasma is one of the trends in alternative agriculture. This trend is based on a seed stimulation without the use of chemical stimulants. The subject of this thesis is the study the effects of low-temperature plasma on initial growth of selected agricultural crops Zea mays L. and Brassica napus L.. The length of sprouts and roots were measured from the initial germination. Growing biomass was dried and weighed at the end of each experiments. Discussion is focused on the time of plasma treatment in relation to possible profitable crops.
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Environmental aspects of energy crops growing - production of CO2eq
PÍSAŘÍK, Martin
This thesis deals with the partial evaluation of the life cycle of three kinds of power plants, particularly flint corn ( Zea mays L.) , reed canary grass ( Phalaris arundinacea L.) , Szarvazi I ( Agropyron elongatum L.) and their environmental impact during their cultivation. As an evaluation framework was used seedbed preparation time from the first year to the last harvest after ten years growing cycle. To calculate the emissions of greenhouse gases has been used software tool SimaPro . The aim was to find out how much greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2eq per 1 kg of dry matter ) is created in the cultivation of selected power plants and compare that plant is from an environmental point of view the most environmentally friendly. The total emission load produced during the life cycle of corn is sown CO2eqv 0.199210 kg per 1 kg of dry matter , with reed rákosovité CO2eqv 0.182075 kg per 1 kg of dry matter. I Szarvasi is from an environmental point of view the most friendly CO2eqv produces 0.110232 kg per 1 kg of dry matter.
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Growing of energy crops - yield parameters
NĚMEC, Václav
Thesis deals with renewables resources, potential of biomass and plants phytomass. We focused on the cultivation of selected energy crops, as perennial grasses Elymus elongatus (subsp. ponticus, cv. Szarvasi-1), reed canary grass, miscanthus sinensis and annual crops of maize and sorghum. The practical part is aimed to the establishment of small plot trials with a variety Szarvasi-1, reed canary grass and miscanthus. We described the methods of field experiment establishing with crop Szarvasi-1 of their treatment and harvest. The results of our own experiments we compared with the literature data. The last part deals with the economy of growing selected crops.
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Growing sorghum and maize for forage purposes
KUBEŠ, Pavel
Maize and sorghum are the most important crops worldwide, used for fodder, food and technical purposes. The aim of this thesis is to summarize information about the properties of these crops and possibilities of their usage as fodder plants. The sorghum is compared to determine the effect of the inter-row spacing on the yield of each variety of sorghum plant. The comparison resulted in the statement that the inter-row spacing has a significant effect on the yield of each species. The experiments proved that 12.5 50 cm rows resulted in the highest yields while the 75 cm rows showed decrease in the yields. The qualitative parameters of maize were tested for nutrient composition in relation to dry matter. The sources established that the optimum dry matter of the harvested material ranges between 30 33 %. It is the dry matter when the plants contain water-soluble sugar needed for fermentation process and animal nutrition. These plants also contain sufficiently high proportion of starch. The dry matter of the plant lower than 28 % and higher than 35 % is not suitable for silage.
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The maize growing in integrated farming system
VOKATÁ, Lucie
The main aim of this bachelor work is a summary about how to grow maize in an integrated system of farming. It includes utilization of maize in this system and effective protection against harmful factors. The work is made in a form of literary research. Maize has become an irreplaceable item of people's crop. It is used as feed and for industrial processing plentifully. Also its utilization as an energetic crop has started to grow recently. There is a range of maize crossbreeds which are determined to various climatic conditions with particular goal of growing and high income requirements. The diseases caused by different pathogens have been shown in the consequence of actions caused by unfavourable factors (such as change of climatic conditions, ways of soil treatment, greater substitute of maize in a sowing process, etc.). Also damaging these plants by pests is one of the significant problems to mention. Therefore the protective arrangements that do not overload the environment are necessary. One of these arrangements presents growing plants in an integrated system of farming. The integrated plant protection, as the main part of more intensive growing system, is reducing the usage of pesticides and it is supporting usage of non-chemical methods IOR. The core of the whole system is an effective protection against harmful factors, which provides regular profit and high quality of the agricultural production. Reduction of the risks and little influence of pesticides on people's health and the environment is necessary.Establishment of integrated plant protection is necessity arising from the regulation of the amendment for the law no. 199/ 2012 Sb. Observance of the principles for an integrated protection is compulsory for all professional users since January 1st, 2014.
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