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Examination of the karyotype from amniotic fluid
MOULEOVÁ, Pavlína
My bachelor work is focused on the examination of the karyotype from amniotic fluid. The examination of the karyotype from amniotic fluid being obtained by amniocentesis is a basic method of prenatal diagnostics. It is possible to confirm or exclude fetal chromosomal aberrations with this examination. Amniocentesis is an invasive method of obtaining amniotic fluid. The risk of complications associated with amniocentesis, such as a miscarriage or a premature rupture, is around 0.5-1%. The indication for amniocentesis is performed by a geneticist, mostly on the basis of positive results of screening examinations. Amniocentesis itself is done between the sixteenth and eighteenth week of pregnancy. The self cultivation and the following processing of the preparation is usually between 10-17 days, therefore it is very important to set a term for this amniocentesis. Cells are separated by centrofugation from amniotic fluid. After that these are seeded in a culture medium where they grow to the required amount. At the end of the cultivation period, the division of cells is blocked in the metaphase of mitotic division by adding Colcemid. This is followed by processing for the microscopic views which includes hypotonia, fixation and the creation of native preparations which are stained most frequently by Giemsa - Romanovsky technique for G-banding. The these samples are evaluated in the light microscope with using a computer karyotyping system. During the stage in the laboratory Genetics - Plzeň s.r.o., I took the measurements of 50 samples of amniotic fluid. Forty-eight samples of all these were negative ( it menas that they had a normal karyotype) and 2 samples were positive . One of them was trisomy of the 21st chromosome, which is characteristic of Down syndrome. The second one was the reciprocal translocations, which was determined by FISH.
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Mesenchymal stem cells and the possibility of their transdifferentiation into insulin producing cells.
Dostálová, Veronika ; Holáň, Vladimír (advisor) ; Čečrdlová, Eva (referee)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated in almost all tissues of the body. Their main source is bone marrow and adipose tissue. These cells are multipotent, e.g. they are capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types. They are able to migrate into damaged tissues. Their other relevant property is a specific suppression of imunity. In the body they serve as precursors for specialized cell types and they also participate in formation of specific tissue microenvironment. Their properties represent a great potential in a wide range of clinical therapies. Besides other possible applications they could be used in the therapy of diabetes mellitus type one. During this disease insulin producing -cells are destroyed. MSCs have been used in experimental in vitro and in vivo studies to differentiate into insulin producing cells. However these cells are not able to produce sufficient amounts of insulin to exclude the supportive administration of exogenous insulin. Therefore there is a need for further research in this field of possible therapy.
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Random walk and game theory
Vondrušková, Ivana ; Malá, Ivana (advisor) ; Novák, Ilja (referee)
A random walk is a mathematical formalization of a trajectory that consists of taking succesive random steps. The results od random walk analysis have been applied to computer science, economics, biology tec. This thesis is concentrated on connection between random walk and games theory especially with thinglering simulation. The application part of this thesis is focused on game strategies, that determine the amount of bet in next game.
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The legislature of the pharmacognostic drugs area.
Kunhartová, Jana ; Dušek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Jana Kunhartová The aim of this work is to summarize current laws and ordinances of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, concerning the medical plants issues. The work contains the facts about the laws and ordinances, which I compiled regarding their importance for the drugs or natural substances. The focus is on the development of the official drugs. I have compared the representation of particular drugs and particular galenical substances, which are made of natural materials, in the contents of the formularies from the Czechoslovakian medical codex 1 to the Czech medical codex 2005. The changes of gradually released codexes in our state naturally reflects the progress in the area of organic and analytic chemistry and in the technology of medicament preparation. Therefore is possible to observe a certain advancing from the usage of particular drugs to the usage of simple galenical products and the isolated substances. The medical formularies as the fundamental normative publications are further extended by the laws and ordinances. I have also focused on the laws given by the Government Institute of the Medical Control, which are related with the medicinal plants area. This work declares that a great amount of the medical codexes, laws and norms deal with the medical plants or the natural...
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Elliptical Stable Distributions
Omelchenko, Vadym
The elliptical stable distributions represent a symmetric subfamily of the stable distributions. Their advantage contrary to the general stable distributions consists in their easy-to-use property and the highest resemblance to the normal distribution. They enable an easy representation of the dependence structure of the margins by means of a matrix Q the same as in case of the normal distribution. In general, the dependence structure between margins is given in form of a spectral measure which can be even continuous. The computations and approximations require so much time that it just the fact that many practitioners avoid using general stable distributions. The general stable distributions possess so many additional properties that they barely take after the multivariate normal distribution. But the multi-variate elliptical stable distributions can be easily simulated and the estimation of their parameters can be obtained by methods whose preciseness is almost the same as the one of the maximum likelihood methodology.
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Nové trendy v likvidaci pojistných událostí vybraných skupin počítačové a informační techniky
Fišr, Martin
This thesis focuses on the issue of the claims adjustment of selected groups of computer and information technology in a connection with the protection against fraud cases. It describes the process of claim adjustment of innovated technology together with usable remaining parts. There are also suggested methodology procedures and such arrangements that from the practical point of view markedly limit claims costs. In this thesis a great emphasis is put on an individual approach to thinking about particular cases.
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Computer-Generated Music
Chmelka, Jakub ; Polok, Lukáš (referee) ; Fapšo, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with the problem of music composition by means of computers. The system uses artificial neural networks which learn the regularities of the chosen music genre from the recordings in MIDI format. In addition to the melody, this work places great emphasis on rhythm of newly created compositions. Besides the problem of neural networks, this work deals with the appropriate representation of input data and re-conversion into MIDI format. The system is implemented as a set of scripts mainly in the mathematical software Matlab.
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The history of measurement of rock mechanical properties at the Institute of Geonics AS CR
Konečný, Pavel ; Blaheta, Radim
The rock testing and evaluation of parameters for description of rock behaviour is an important part of the research at the Institute of Geonics AS CR since its foundation as an independent institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in 1982. Focusing on mechanical testing, the first testing device, the hydraulic press EDZ 100H made in GDR with maximum force 1000 kN, was acquired in 1980, when only a branch of the Mining Institute existed in Ostrava. This equipment was substantially extended in the eighties by two „small“ mechanical presses FPZ 100 (max. force 100kN) and FPZ 10 (max. force 10kN) purchased in 1987 from GDR. But a really great progress came with the mechanical press ZWICK 1494 (500 kN) controlled by computer with a possibility of recording and processing the data. This press was bought from ZWICK Ulm (FRG) in 1985. The deformation measurement was realized by the dial test indicators. The described equipment was used for rock testing with focus on elastic behaviour and uniaxial strength limits, which were required for solving engineering problems mostly related to the coal mining.
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Shading of Bézier Patches
Kolcun, Alexej ; Bocek, J.
There are well known shading algorithms (Gouraud, Phong) for the surfaces shading. The problem is that such algorithms just approximate the real shading. Precise shading algorithms require the values of normal vectors at all points of rendered surface. Computation of normal vector for Cartesian and triangular parametric surfaces is presented in the paper.
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