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Women´s in childbed attitude towards cardiotocographical fetal monitoring during childbirth
PAPÍRNÍKOVÁ, Petra
Cardiotocography is a noninvasive method providing information on the condition of the fetus during pregnancy and childbirth. Fetal monitoring has become standard in obstetric care for pregnant women and mothers. The procedures recommended by the Czech Gynecological-Obstetrical Society determine indications of the use of cardiotocography and state rules of how to interpret the results of the method. During physiological childbirth the mother can be observed intermittently, i.e. at regular intervals according to the practice of the specific obstetric department. Pathological delivery, such as breech delivery, delivery of a hypotrofic fetus, fetus with a nonphysiological CTG record, should be monitored continuously. External fetal heart sounds scanning may bring mother some unpleasant restrictions in movement and positioning. When medical staff show preference in observing data obtained by monitoring, it may make the mother fear about the fetus´ condition or raise presumption that midwives do not adequately meet her own needs during the delivery. Nursing care of mothers during cardiotocographical scanning is very specific because a midwife provides care to two subjects - the mother and the child. According to scarce literature on this subject mothers{\crq} in bed attitudes toward cardiotocography vary from the positive view that monitoring protects the fetus and ensures its health to negative feelings of discomfort, limitations, pointless medialization of the natural process, medical personnel distraction and rejection of medical examination. Czech studies, however, have never been conducted and modern literature on this topic does not exist. The research was conducted by the prospective quantitative research using questionnaires. The questionnaires were anonymous and contained 26 questions, 23 of which were closed, 1 was semi-closed and 2 were open. The total number of questionnaires distributed was 101, the target respondents were women in confinement in the Gynecological-Obstetrical clinic of. 1. LF UK a VFN in Praque. The research database was composed of women who were 2 or 3 days after delivery, women with elective Caesarean section were not included into the research. The aim of the research was to learn women{\crq}s in childbed attitude toward cardiotocographical fetal monitoring during childbirth. Three hypotheses were stated: Hypothesis 1 assumes that mothers consider cardiotocographical fetal monitoring to be a source of information on the child condition, and this hypothesis was confirmed. Hypothesis 2 assumes that cardiotocographical fetal monitoring during childbirth restricts the mother{\crq}s movement and relief positioning, and this was confirmed by the research. Hypothesis 3 raises the presumption that there is a lack of valid information provided to mothers on cardiotocography, interpretation of CTG records and their relevance. This hypothesis was confirmed by the research. The women{\crq}s in childbed attitude toward cardiotocographical fetal monitoring during childbirth was evaluated and thus objectives of the thesis were met. Holistic approach in nursing care is supposed to ensure that all patients have access to the best possible comfort, comprehensive care and enough information. The conclusions of the research conducted in the Gynecological-Obstetrical clinic imply the need to improve communication and the flow of information from medical staff to women in childbed and technical possibility of CTG recorders.
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Related injuries during pregnaney and nursing care matters.
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Alena
This bachelor{\crq}s thesis focuses on the injuries in pregnancy and the issue of nursing care. The theoretical part characterises the occurrence of injuries, moreover it deals with individual types of injuries and healing, poly-traumas and prevention of pregnant women travelling by car. In the practical part, four goals and four research questions were prepared. The target of this thesis was to find out what kind of injuries occur in pregnancy at most, what is the impact of the injuries on the health of the pregnant women, if the pregnant women realise the danger while utilizing the public transport means and what are the most frequent problems in the nursing care of women after the injuries.
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"The importance of screening examination methods in prenatal diagnosis from a midwife{\crq}s perspective"
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Klára
The subject of this bachelor thesis is to create a well-arranged and comprehensible review of the current status and possibilities of the prenatal diagnosis, as it nowadays represents an integral part of almost all pregnancies and many pregnant women decide whether to undergo a prenatal diagnosis and which method of the prenatal diagnosis should be employed in order to achieve a maximum guarantee that they will not give birth to a child with a defect. This thesis has a total of six aims. To find out if the midwives are informed about possibilities of screening examinations in the pregnancy, whether they proceed in compliance with the recommendations of the Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics during these examinations, whether the pregnant women according to the midwives understand the meaning of the screening examinations, whether the pregnant women according to the midwives are interested in performance of screening examinations in pregnancy and whether the pregnant women are interested in optional, above standard examinations that are not fully covered from the health insurance. In order to ascertain these aims, a total of six hypotheses were postulated on the grounds of which an anonymous questionnaire was created that was focused on evaluation of the theoretical knowledge of the midwives about possibilities of screening examinations in pregnancy and on evaluations of pregnant women{\crq}s interest in these examinations based on the opinions of the midwives. The questionnaire contained a total of 26 questions. The cohort of respondents consisted of the midwives working with pregnant women in 79 selected gynaecological-obstetric outpatient departments in Prague where the research was carried out. A total of 146 questionnaires were distributed, the rate of return of which was 66%. The interpretation of the results is based on the total of 94 respondents. The first hypothesis was based on a presumption that the midwives are informed about possibilities of the screening examinations in pregnancy. This presumption was confirmed as the opinions of the respondents were in 66% in accordance with this hypothesis. In the hypothesis 2, there was a presumption that in the field of the screening examinations, the midwives do not proceed according to the recommendations of the Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics. This hypothesis was not confirmed as nearly all midwives claimed to proceed in compliance with these recommendations. In the third hypothesis, there was a presumption that according to the midwives, the pregnant women do not know the meaning of the screening examinations in pregnancy. This hypothesis was not confirmed as the average of 86% midwives gave a positive answer at this point. The fourth hypothesis was based on a presumption that midwives positively evaluate the importance of the screening examinations in pregnancy. This hypothesis was confirmed as the average of 92% of responders evaluated the importance of these examinations positively. In the fifth hypothesis, there was a presumption that the pregnant women are according to the midwives interested in performance of screening examination in pregnancy. This hypothesis was confirmed as the average of 95% of respondents gave opinions that were in accordance with this hypothesis. The last hypothesis was based on a presumption that the pregnant women are not interested in the optional, above standard examinations that are not fully covered from the health insurance. This hypothesis was not confirmed as the average of 51% of respondents reported the pregnant women to be interested in these examinations. This thesis and the results of the research part should help the midwives and other medical staff to increase the awareness on screening examination methods of the prenatal diagnosis.
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Awareness of healthy lifestyle during pregnancy among pregnant women
VOŠAHLÍKOVÁ, Vendula
The thesis deals with awareness of healthy lifestyle during pregnancy among pregnant women. Mistakes they might make during this period may have permanent negative effect on the foetus future life quality. Influences that might harm a child have to be highlighted. The healthy lifestyle principles during pregnancy involve sleeping, relaxation, nutrition, care of excretion, hygiene during pregnancy, suitable pregnancy clothing, sufficient moving, massage, sex in pregnancy, avoiding addictive substances, taking medicines, vaccination and travelling during pregnancy. There are four research goals. To learn about awareness of healthy lifestyle in pregnancy among pregnant women, to find out sources of information on healthy lifestyle in pregnancy, to learn about adherence on healthy lifestyle principles among pregnant women and to learn about physical activities of pregnant women. Four hypotheses were set to reach these goals, upon which an anonymous questionnaire aimed at finding out the theoretical knowledge of healthy lifestyle in pregnancy was prepared. The questionnaire contained 36 questions. The target group consisted of pregnant women in various gravidity stages. 150 questionnaires were handed out, of which 64 per cent returned. The result interpretation is based on 96 respondents. The research itself was held in 2 hospitals and 3 outpatient facilities. The first hypothesis assumes that today{\crq}s pregnant women are informed on healthy lifestyle in pregnancy. This hypothesis has been confirmed. More than 80 per cent of respondents answered correctly to nearly all the questions related to the healthy lifestyle in pregnancy. The average of correct answers is 88 per cent. The second hypothesis assumed that pregnant women obtain most information about healthy lifestyle from the internet. This hypothesis was refuted. 42 per cent of the respondents gain information about healthy lifestyle from the internet. The third hypothesis assumed that pregnant women adhere to the healthy lifestyle principles. This hypothesis was confirmed. 91 per cent of pregnant women adhere to the healthy lifestyle principles. The fourth hypothesis assumed that pregnant women take physical exercises in pregnancy. This hypothesis was confirmed too. 75 per cent of respondents go in for physical activities during pregnancy.
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Informedness gravidity woman in connection with inspection of amniotic fluid.
NOVÁKOVÁ BOUŠOVÁ, Hana
The thesis should map the awareness of women in connection to the carried out investigation of amniotic fluid. On the basis of aims which should map the problems of amniotic fluid extraction four hypotheses were stated. They dealt with these questions: if pregnant women have information on amniotic fluid investigation, if pregnant women use the possibility to go for amniotic fluid investigation, if pregnant women are educated on the way of amniotic fluid investigation and if pregnant women know about the risks of the carried out amniocentesis. All hypotheses were proved and aims were fulfilled. It is possible to state two hypotheses on the basis of qualitative research. The first: pregnant women mention fear as a problem of amniocentesis. The second: pregnant women mention pain as a problem of amniocentesis. The combination of qualitative and quantitative research was used for the data collection.For the quantitative research the technique of a questionnaire was used. The questions were closed or semi-open, when informants crossed the answers or they could fill their own variation of an answer. There were 31 questions; first of these were identification questions and the other were related to the topic of the thesis itself. Expectant mothers who come to amniocentesis have enough information concerning amniotic fluid extraction but there were also some who did not have enough information. The lack of information in these mothers can be attributed to the lack of interest in amniotic fluid extraction, or inattention during education led by medical personnel. That is why the feedback during questioning is necessary. I propose the creation of leaflets and brochures which would contain everything connected to the problem of amniotic fluid extraction; the most frequent questions would be answered there. These leaflets or brochures should be available in all consulting rooms of gynaecologists and in genetic centres.
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Communication with a prenatal individual and with child on first days after labour
PETROUŠOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor work has been realised as a research work and consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with the description of antenatal period, the interaction between mother and child and psychologic antenatal findings where antenatal communication with an unborn child plays an important role. A cardinal part of the work depicts the role and psychosocial attitude of the midwives who take care of mother and unborn child. In addition, the importance of the first mother-child contact soon after delivery is highlighted. The practical part represents the research work. Two questionnaires were used to prove the initial hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: ``Close family members communicate with their unborn child during the pregnancy`` and hypothesis 2: ``Mother-child communication is enabled to start soon after the delivery`` have proved. Altogether 250 questionnaires were distributed, 140 of them to pregnant women and 110 to women after delivery. 229 questionnaires, 92 %, were completed and given back. However, the final set of correctly completed questionnaires, which could be surveyed, consisted of 126 (100 %) given back by pregnant women and 103 (100 %) by women after delivery.
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Psychologic and Medical Aspects of Prental Period Care
BERKIOVÁ, Eva
The work is focused on pregnancy period which is a unique life event for a woman. Pregnancy puts on her more demands which she has to meet. Living through troublefree period of pregnancy is closely linked to healthy nutrition, high quality prenatal care, passing courses for pregnant women and of course to understanding and support from close people.
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