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Abuse of the Sources of Ionizing Radiation
NOVOTNÝ, Matěj
The goal of submitted bachelor thesis is to summarize the problem of a possible misuse of ionizing radiaton sources, and especially to evaluate the Region of South Bohemia´s citizens´ knowledge within the area of ionizing radiation sources misuse. To fulfill the given goals it is necessary to study expert literature as well as the formulation of hypotheses which are further tested and examined in action. Individual questions are subsequently processed and evaluated. Determined hypotheses are tested on the basis of parametirized and non-parametirized testing. The bachelor thesis should introduce the reader to the basic terms within the area of ionozong radiation problem and its positive and negative use. Mainly it includes terms such as ionizing radiation and its biological effects, protection from ionizing radiation, and its sources. Attention is also paid to the use of ionizing radiation in radiotherapeutic and radiologic departments, in nuclear medicine or industry. In the following theoretical part the thesis focuses on the misuse of ionizing radiation sources as well as on radiologic terrorism which occurs as a huge threat for the humankind, having been already fulfilled several times. Nowadays, the greatest risk has been the use of a radiological weapon, so-called ´dirty bomb´ which may be misused by radical terrorist groups or may be available on the ´black market´. The practical part focuses on the research connected to the Region of South Bohemia citizens´ knowledge within the area of ionizing radiation and its misuse. This research is implemented via a questionnare survey. The questionnare contains 13 multiple-choice questions. Each question contains 4 multiple-choice answers (in the form of a), b), c), d)) out of which only one is correct. Two cities and five municipalities in the region of South Bohemia were randomly selected. There were 200 questionnaires in total out of which the first half was meant for cities and the other one was meant for municipalities. Questionning was carried out among respondents within age categories of 18-70 and questionnaire survey was carried out during the period of May to June 2016. In general the evaluated results of the questionnaire survey have showed that most knowledge regarding the given topic of the bachelor thesis was average, rather below the average. To be more specific, a higher success rate was noticed in the interviewed city residents rather than in municipality citizens. The difference in response unsuccess rate may be found in questions no. 7, no. 10, and no. 11 when interviewed municipality citizens had worse results in 68% average in comparison to city residents. On the contrary, municipality citizens proved better knowledge in question no. 9. Questions number 1, also number 2 and number 3 got the highest response success rate in all intervewed city residents and municipality citizens, where approximately more than 50% of the interviewed replied correctly. The main benefit of the bachelor thesis is the gained image of the Region of South Bohemia cities and municipalities´ citizens´ knowledge of the possible misuse of ionizing radiation sources. The theoretical part may serve as a study text for students of Population Protection study subject or connected study subjects.
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The Fulfillment of European union norms in area population protection
HOUŽVIČKOVÁ, Eva
The diploma thesis on the topic "The fulfillment of European union norms in area population protection" is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a practical part. Theoretical part is divided into three parts. First part is devoted to the description of the Czech system of population protection. It describes the development of population protection in the Czech Republic, introduces basic legislation in the area of population protection and elaborates tasks of population protection (evacuation, warning and notification, concealment, individual protection, emergency population survival and decontamination). The second part of the theoretical part is devoted to the international context of population protection. Describes the Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions, and European Union Documents and norms in the area of population protection. The third part explains the term of civil emergency planning. In the practical part, the system of protection of the population (civil protection) in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the system of population protection in the Czech Republic were discussed. As a basis for this part of the work were used the National Security Strategy, the Civil contingency act and basic Czech legislation in this area. Finally, the system of population protection in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Czech Republic was compared. The aim of the diploma thesis is to clarify the problems of population protection, to describe the system of population protection in the Czech Republic and the European Union and to compare this area in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Based on the analysed documents, a research question was answered.
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Fulfilling the tasks of population protection in selected retirement home with a special focus on drinking water supplies.
HNÍDKOVÁ, Jaromíra
The environment of social services is characterized by a number of relationships among people and institutions that have a large impact on quality of life. Their aim is to provide social services and create conditions for meeting the basic needs of people. Aging is a natural process of development which can not be avoided. The aging of population has become a phenomenon of our times and concerns everyone, without exception. Efforts to extend the period of life with general ability to work and realization of the fact, that it is we ourselves who are responsible for maintaining our own physical and mental health and work performance as long as possible, should become part of the moral profile of each member of society. The demographic development still confirms the increasing age of the population. Dependency on help of another person increases with age. Given that the modern family is becoming less willing and able to care for their disabled members and that a modern society is increasingly demanding on job performance and social behaviour, the importance of the existence of homes for the elderly is increasing. The role of new social facilities will increase in the future and therefore it is appropriate to deal with emergencies and evacuations of residents living in social service facilities. The thesis concerns the topic of population protection tasks at the chosen home for the elderly with special focus on drinking water supplies. Need to evacuate the persons dependent on the help of others is a very difficult process for nursing staff and for intervening organs of the integrated rescue system. The theoretical part deals with the issues of old age and the aging process, protection of the population, evacuations and explaining the key concepts related to the issues. We attempt to list the most important factors influencing age and we explain the process of aging and focus on factors affecting behaviour in emergency events. The theoretical part is divided into chapters dealing with topics that serve as a theoretical basis for the practical part, e.g. the protection of the population, drinking water and its importance for people, social service facilities and the issue of old age. In determining preparedness for an emergency event and evacuation of the facility associated with the accommodation, technique of standardized interview was used in the practical part of the study. This method can provide us with the results easily, quickly and in an organized manner. Research respondents were the employees of social welfare facilities in Veselí nad Lužnicí. The interviews were conducted with a total of 21 staff, of whom 19 were women and 2 men. Standardized interview technique allowed the personal approach and helped clarify any confusion which occurred during the interviews. Individual responses were manually recorded with the approval of the respondents...
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Development and history of nuclear weapons and their importance today.
KRAFKA, Jiří
The term atom has fascinated the philosophers since Ancient Greece. Since this period the scientists from the whole world have been more and more interested in the atom. They have researched its structure, properties and applicability. The atom has also become the basic element for constructing nuclear weapons. Many states all over the world tried to construct these weapons during the Second World War. In 1945 the United States of America managed to design ones. The Americans used them against the civil inhabitants twice. The weapons were dropped over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since the year 1945 more than 2 000 nuclear tests have been taken. That is why international contracts which adjust the testing and use of nuclear weapons have emerged. In the theoretical part of my bachelor's thesis on the topic "The development and history of nuclear weapons and their significance for today's world" I deal with the atom, its history and radioactivity. The next part of the bachelor's thesis is dedicated to the development of nuclear weapons in various countries which tried to design a nuclear weapon during the war. Afterwards I described the war use of nuclear weapons against the civil inhabitants in two Japanese cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which lead to the end of the WW II. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to evaluate possible use of nuclear weapons, alternatively a nuclear war, and to verify and compare students' knowledge of nuclear weapons and their effects. These students involved in the research were the ones studying the programme Population Protection in the bachelor's as well as in the master's study. Within the thesis the following hypotheses were stated: "The knowledge of students of the study programme Population Protection has normal distribution" and "The knowledge of students of master's study will be statistically more prominent than of the ones studying the bachelor's study. To reach defined aims it was necessary to analyse literary and other sources. Next, it was indispensable to create a questionnaire and perform a questionnaire survey. The research ensemble comprised 126 students of the bachelor's study programme and 50 students of the master's study programme. The questionnaire which was presented to these students consisted of 14 questions. It was aimed at finding out the knowledge in the sphere of nuclear weapons and on the basis of the results I compared the knowledge of the students of the bachelor's study programme and the master's one. The students of the programme Population Protection in the master's study proved better knowledge of examined issues than the students of the bachelor's study. However, the students showed unsatisfactory knowledge in some of the questions. Especially in the second one, only 33 % of the respondents knew what the name of nuclear programme in Germany was. The next problematic question was the one number 13, in view of the fact that 53 % of the students know that the most nuclear tests were performed by USA and 47 % of the students thought that it was the Soviet Union which carried out the most tests. The question number 4 was correctly answered by 55 % of the students. The question was: "What was the name of the first nuclear bomb?". The sixth question concerning the year of testing this first bomb was also correctly answered by only 55 % of the students. On the other hand, the students proved the best knowledge when responding to the seventh and eighth question. When answering the question number 7, 96% of the students know that after the explosion of a nuclear bomb a mushrooms cloud is formed. The gained data from the questionnaires were statistically processed. Subsequently, the given hypotheses were confirmed, the knowledge of students of the study programme Population Protection has normal distribution and the knowledge of students of master's study will be statistically more prominent than of the ones studying the bachelor's study.
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Protection against Hazardous Chemical Substances
Pajpachová, Veronika ; Zahradníček,, Pavel (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
The theme of population protection nowadays is very actual. It shows, that the average citizen of the Czech Republic is not able to protect his property, health nor life in the case of an emergency. This thesis examines on the readiness of the population in the case of accidents involving hazardous chemical substances in the past and nowadays and offers a comparison with other countries. The main part focuses on the guide for protection against hazardous chemical substances, according to which even an uninitiated person can orientate in the crisis situation and respond accordingly.
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Basic Aspects of Population Protection against Consequences of Chemical Terrorism in the Czech Republic
Drápal, Stanislav ; Hradil, Jaroslav (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
The theme of my bachelor work is The basic aspect of population protection against conseqences of chemical terrorism in the Czech Republic. In my bachelor work, I drew from home and foreign sources over the past ten years. The opening part of my work deals of basic concepts relating to terrorism and its branches. It states some case studies of terrorist attacks against civil inhabitants with the aid of chemical agents. The middle part engages in a characteristic and dividing of particular chemical warfare agents and dangerous toxic chemical agents. There are stated lawful norms and measures used in the Czech Republic. Also processes of medical sectors Emergency Rescue System in provision of pre-hospital urgent care in cases of mass impairment of health. In closing I analyse preparedness of inhabitants in the Czech Republic to possibility of a chemical terrorist attack and I suggest a handbook „The danger of a chemical attack“ to civil inhabitants.
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Conception of Population Protection till 2020 and its Possible Reflection in the Teaching at the Elementary and Secondary Schools
Pajpachová, Veronika ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (referee) ; Novák, Jaromír (advisor)
The topic of the bachelor thesis is Conception of population protection till 2020 and its possible reflection in the teaching at the elementary and secondary schools. The issue of teaching of Population Protection was neglected at the end of the last century. Therefore it is necessary to create a functional system that would allow access for school children to a high standard education. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the history of population protection. It also describes emergencies in the Czech Republic and contains a review of educational manuals and tools used during the education. The second part represents the Conception of population protection till 2020 and shows the current state of education. The conclusion deals with a proposal of the educational system.
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Facilities of Civil Protection for Issue of Means of Individual Protection
Jokešová, Markéta ; Doležel, Ludvík (referee) ; Svoboda, Bohuslav (advisor)
Bachelor thesis deals with the protection of population and with the means of the individual protection. The thesis is devided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The first theoretical part covers the means of individual protection for the given categories of people and it presents the legislation which is concerned this topic as well. The second practical part includes a plan of area coverage with the facilities of the civil protection for the issues of means of individual protection in Brno - north city district.
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Importance of Emergency Phones for Crisis Management and Civil Protection
Obadalová, Kristýna ; Rosická, Zdena (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
In order to gather relevant information, extensive literature search in domestic as well as foreign sources was carried out and quoted in the thesis presented. This bachelor thesis is dealing with emergency extension line significance both for crisis management and population protection. The topic is focused on mapping problems related to emergency lines within the Czech Republic territory, in particular telephone number 112. The thesis characterizes emergency calls structure, emergency call centers, their hierarchy, significance, qualification requirements for emergency call centers operators. The goal of thesis consists in the assessment of current situation within emergency calls system, efficient and reasonable use for saving human lives as well as protection of health, material and environment. The author was able to apply theoretical knowledge systematically while accomplishing practice period at a Brno 112 emergency call centre. The author was capable of verifying importance and function of emergency extensions while participating in the above mentioned specialized center activities. The bachelor thesis covers personal contribution to emergency call centers upgrading considering higher effect. The thesis presents unique chance to participate in controlled calls with emergency call centers operators resulting in gathering valuable information. The thesis also includes short population research targeted at knowledge and skills in order to get emergency call information needed.
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