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The level of vocabulary among 3rd class primary school dyslectic pupils.
VAŇOUSOVÁ, Iva
This graduation theses deals with a level of dyslexics` vocabulary at the beginning of the 3rd class at primary school. It defines a notion of speech, comunication and language level. It points to relation of thought and speech. It deals with ontogenesis of speech and mentions tests for examination of speech. It treats of specific disorders of learning and speech. It finds out dyslexic pupils` abilities to tell according to a scenic picture and end-point analysis informs about exploitage of part sof speech by pupils. By the help of Test of verbal thought by Jaroslav Jirásek it finds out level of vocabulary.
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Demands put on the nurse during the communication with the aphasic patient
VIDENSKÁ, Magdalena
Aphasia is defined as a systemic speech disorder which is caused by organic brain damage and on different levels it affects the organisation of speech. It is caused bz the damage of the dominant hemisphere associated with tumours, injuries, brain stroke, haemorrhage, meningitis and the like. Aphasia can affect people of all ages. The communication with an aphasic patient is difficult and the demands required from nurses are high. In my work I suggest alternative way of communication which would facilitate and improve the communication of an aphasic patient with other people. My work is based on the methodological handbook ``Pictograms{\crqq} written by Mgr. Kubová. This book deals with using communication picture system {--} pictograms {--} for education and developement of social communicative skills of children and adults with either mental or multiple handicaps, and it is used in many western countries. I decided to provide nurses and aphasic patients with these pictograms. The aim was to help aphasic patients to express their feelings and needs. By using the pictograms I tried to cover the basic human needs {--} the need of bowel movement, the feeling of thirst, pain, cold and so on. After about a three month use of pictograms I asked the nurses to complete a questionnaire and express their opinion on using the pictograms and on the pictograms benefit to the aphasic patients. The research was quantitative. For the data collection I chose the method of a questionnaire. The data obtained are processed in the form of tables and charts. The research group were the nurses who, when working with aphasic patients, were using the pictograms. The research was carried out in the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s., at the Nerve ward and the Follow-up care ward. The Charity Nursing Service in České Budějovice also used the pictograms in home nursing. The best of results with the pictograms were definitely reached in home nursing. 87,5 % of the nurses recommend using pictograms. When filling in the questionnaire the nurses included not only their own experience of using pictograms but also the experience of the family members taking all-day care of their aphasic relatives. The family members were able to say how well the pictograms served their purpose. The pictograms are recommended to be used by 73 % of the nurses of the Nerve ward and 62,5 % of the nurses of the Follow-up care ward. The results say that the pictograms were best used in home nursing aphasic patients. I believe that pictograms will become an important part of the communication with an aphasic patient and that they will be used effectively even though their use is time and patience demanding. The nurse{\crq}s reward is better quality nursing care and happier patients.
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