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CHEMICALS MANAGEMENT IN THE COMPANY PRIMAGRA,a.s.
GAIGEROVÁ, Petra
Abstract The protection of the population against the consequences of major accidents in recent years has been a very important issue to deal with. As well as hazardous chemicals which we encounter in our everyday life, intentionally or unintentionally. Therefore I have chosen the theme, which deals with the effects of hazardous chemicals and the possibility of accidents caused by hazardous substances. Another motivation for the selection of the topic of this work is that I have been working as head of the laboratory in a chemical plant for several years and proper handling of chemical substances has become an everyday necessity, as well as improving prevention of our company. Most of the people associate industrial accident with the Ukrainian Chernobyl nuclear plant disaster or a chemical plant in Seveso, Italy. The releases of hazardous substances into the environment are frighteningly common in the Czech Republic as well. The main aim of this work is to determine possible impacts of the effects of individual hazardous substances on the Primagra Company, a.s. Considering this aim, the main research question has been raised: Which hazardous substances in the Primagra Company, a.s. can cause accidents? Based on this issue, further practical parts of the next target can be defined: simulation of the accident in the Primagra Company, a.s., threats to the object and possible accidents. The thesis is divided into two parts: the first theoretical part is followed by the introduction of the Primagra Company, a.s., by the sort of stored substances and modeling that is important for finding possible impacts on the accident. The introductory section summarizes the basic information concerning major accidents, legislation and examples of accidents that are associated with the release of hazardous substances in the past. Regarding the topic of the work, the thesis describes features of hazardous chemicals, labeling and packaging of the chemical substances and preparations, documentation of hazardous chemicals and important physical properties associated with the management of hazardous substances. The significance of the second part is the implementation of the simulation, also known as modelling of a chemical accident associated with hazardous chemicals. Primagra Company, a.s. became a selected plant where several hazardous substances were treated at once. For the purpose of modelling, methanol was used as a substance. TerEx was used as a simulation software tool. By using this program two emergency situations were modelled. The type of model Bleve was used, which is suitable for the hitting of the tank by fire and subsequent destruction. The bulk of the tank contents then escapes into the cloud of gas and vapor of the liquid, which is rapidly mixed with the air. Subsequent fire has risen sharply due to turbulence and mixing with air. The result is a rising ball of fire - ie. Fire Ball. It is possible to conclude from the modeled results and outputs that a dangerous cloud reaching 145 m from the site of an accident would occure. It could cause mortality of 10% within the distance of 145 m. There would be a risk of burns 1 degree within a distance of 375 m. Recommended evacuation distance by reaching 375 m. By the analysis, it was found, that in the case of an accident in the company Primagra, a.s. employees, the population in the surroundings, the environment, property of the company may be affected. The company would suffer a loss in a business field, such as loss of customer interest, direct material and production decrease. More serious impacts that would implicate in human lives would not occur, however. This work may either be used in the company Primagra Company, a.s. as a protection against accidents or as a study material.
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Leaks of dangerous chemical substances in the territory of the town Pilsen
KUČEROVÁ, Andrea
The topic of my thesis is: "Leaks of dangerous chemical substances in the territory of the town Pilsen". I have been dealing with this very hot issue, because there are more and more chemical substances around us. We can find a lot of companies producing, using and having these substances in stock, so we cannot rule out smaller or larger leaks. They usually have negative impacts on human health and life, animals, environment or the leak can cause high material damage. It is necessary to take new measures to decrease results of leak of dangerous chemical substances. In the theoretical part of my work I described some dangerous chemical substances, rules for behaviour and arrangments during the leaks of dangerous chemical substances. In the practical part I evaluated statistic records about leaks of dangerous chemical substances and I valuated talks with experts of public administration in the area of Pilsen town. I carried out my own modulation of ammonia leak in the programme ,,TerEx? and by that I gained an area of public danger where I performed an investigation among people. In my work there was verified a hypothesis whether the people living round the object with dangerous chemical substances have some knowledge about the individual protection. I came to conclusion that this hypothesi can be confirmated due to out comes of my questionary research ? our inhabitants are endowed with the needy useful knowledge (as I have been persuaded by). In my work I found out and important piece of knowledge that there had been only one leak of dangerous chemical substance some ammonia leak from the Pilsner ´´PRAZDROJ a.s.´´. It was an acceptional situation and it did not have any serious effect on people and environment. I would like to recommend only one thing ? to increase public awareness about possible danger in the place of domicile. It is necessary to say that people are only exceptionally interested in these safety questions. This work can be used within the public administration in the field of emergency management and accidental planning for (preparation of) inhabitants´ protection. It can also be used as some study material.
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A simulated road accident of a tank truck in Ústí nad Labem resulting in chlorine leakage
LANGOVÁ, Regina
The main theme of the diploma thesis is simulated accident of a truck transporting pressure barrels with chlorine.The study is focused on evaluating the effects of the accident on the lives and health of the local population and assessing the risks (and the level of hazards) with the use of selected methods.In this study, the truck accident is described in detail and the risks are evaluated through using the IAEA-TECDOC-727 method, which is based on quantitative risk assessment of sources according to the level of hazard to lives.
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The solution proposals for crisis situations caused by mass chemical intoxication
BENEŠOVÁ, Silvie
The production and processing of various chemicals and raw materials all around the world currently exceeds hundreds of millions of tonnes a year and is constantly growing. In addition, the spectre of produced materials is increasing, including relatively toxic compounds. It is absolutely clear that such production volumes lead to a risk of accidents with the leakage of chemical toxicants, and {--} depending on the toxicity of the relevant substances {--} these accidents represent a serious threat for human health, animals and the environment.Disasters involving chemicals drew public attention already in the 20th century, when ways were sought to guarantee the safety of production, storage and transportation of hazardous materials. This is also an essential prerequisite for the occurrence of an accident involving the leakage of chemical toxicants {--} the presence of such toxicants in the production, processing, storage or transportation.Whether during wars or in peacetime, there are situations when large numbers of people can be exposed to the effects of a wide spectre of hazardous chemical substances (NCHL). These situations include military operations, campaigns by the integrated rescue system (IZS), industrial accidents or acts of terror. In developed industrial countries, the capacities used for the production, storage, processing and transportation of NCHL are usually localized in urban industrial zones. The high concentrations of these hazardous chemical substances within these zones represent a potential health risk for the people nearby. Chemical safety is a challenge and a must. I find this issue attractive and therefore decided to analyse, in my thesis, the causes of mass chemical intoxication and their consequences on the affected population. The objective of this diploma thesis is to compare the forms of protection and liquidation of the consequences of such accidents and try to find, structure and unify the recommendations regarding the solution of emergencies associated with mass chemical intoxications. Another objective was to verify the hypothesis that regulations and existing procedures regarding the solution of emergencies associated with mass chemical intoxications do not correspond with today{\crq}s standards and the on-going development of chemical noxious agents.
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The sector determination of emergency plan for ČEPRO, Corp. - store Včelná, by act No. 59/2006 Sb., about the prevention of hard accidents.
PAULŮ, Zuzana
ABSTRACT For my diploma thesis I have chosen a topic focusing on the setting of the zone of emergency planning in accordance with Act No. 59/2006 on prevention of major accidents, for the facility of ČEPRO Inc., the storage area of Včelná. The topic has been chosen for several reasons {--} I consider it interesting, and I am convinced that it is absolutely essential to create a zone of emergency planning for the above mentioned complex. A major accident is defined under Act 59/2006 of Collection, on prevention of major accidents, as an extraordinary, partly or completely unmanageable, terminable and spatially limited event, for example a major leakage, fire or explosion, which has already appeared or whose occurrence is imminent in connection with using the venue or facility in which a dangerous substance is produced, processed, prepared or stored, and which leads to a major jeopardy or to a major impact upon life and health of people, livestock and environment or financial damage. The first part of the diploma thesis presents the legislation concerning the setting the zone of emergency planning. Furthermore, the legislation concerning the issue in selected countries of the European Union is mentioned. The description of the storage facility belonging to the company ČEPRO Inc. in Včelná in the town of České Budějovice follows. The second part of the thesis focuses on the setting of the zone of emergency planning for the ČEPRO company in Včelná, and the evaluation of the questionnaires submitted to residents living in the surroundings of this storage facility. The discussion of the issues given above is presented in the third part of the diploma thesis. The following hypotheses were set and analysed {--} whether the emergency plan for the ČEPRO Inc. in Včelná is sufficiently elaborated and whether the residents living in the surroundings of ČEPRO have become sufficiently familiar with a potential danger.
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Assessment of emergency preparedness at the railway station in České Budějovice
KLÍMA, Petr
Emergency preparedness includes the ability to recognize the occurrence of extraordinary events and, in particular, planning, organizing and management of emergency measures to deal with them. The objective of this thesis is to assess planned measures to avert the consequences of accidents depending on selected extraordinary events in the premises of the railway station in České Budějovice. Another objective is to assess the overall emergency preparedness of the railway station in České Budějovice in this respect. In order to meet the objectives as well as possible I defined the following hypothesis: Planned measures to avert the consequences of accidents in the premises of the railway station in České Budějovice are adequate and in accordance with applicable legislation. The thesis includes basic general information on extraordinary events, emergency planning and the integrated rescue system, and then it describes securing emergency preparedness within the organizational structure of the entities involved. The thesis also includes the issue of rail freight transport and the related transport of dangerous substances. To achieve the objectives of the thesis and to verify the hypothesis, I used interviews with relevant experts from railway companies ČD as, ČD Cargo and SŽDC, and the study of available literature and legislation. Then, I used a document analysis aimed at assessing the adequacy and suitability of planned measures depending on the selected extraordinary events ? both associated with the normal operation of the railway station and the transport of hazardous substances in tanks. The analysis showed that the planned measures to avert the consequences of accidents in the premises of the railway station in České Budějovice are currently to a great extent adequate and in compliance with applicable national and international legislation. In the discussion section, I presented the problems that occurred in dealing with this issue. At the end of the thesis, I tried to propose some measures that would be suitable for adding into the documentation of emergency preparedness of the railway station in České Budějovice. I believe that this thesis will be used as a document monitoring an aggregate of measures to ensure emergency preparedness of the railway station in České Budějovice and, in the light of the thesis results, it will be possible to recommend further improvements in securing the preparation of these measures.
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Consequences of deliberate chlorine leakage from Spolchemie plc, Usti nad Labem, and Spolana plc, Neratovice
KADLEC, Zdeněk
Most of the current population cannot imagine their contemporary lifestyle without chemical products. This requires the chemical industry, which in some areas of our country is well developed. Spolana and Spolchemie are large chemical companies, which store huge amounts of chlorine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the simulation of leakage of chlorine from Spolana and Spolchemie using TerEx software and see if the two businesses can be important sources of risk for the population in terms of leakage of chlorine. Results of this study imply much larger consequences that would be caused by potential leakage of chlorine through intentional misuse. This possibility should be of interest to not only integrated emergency services and members of crisis management teams, but also the citizens themselves. Preparing for such an event and knowledge of things in terms of prevention is very important.
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The Analysis of Potential Consequences of Chlorine Leakage out of " Plav" Water Works Station
VILASOVÁ, Pavla
Regarding the topic of this thesis chlorine will be considered a dangerous chemical substance, especially because of the storage amount and chlorine concentration used for water treatment in Water Treatment Plant Plav. Chlorine characteristics, history and means of chlorine utilization bear its risk, methods of protection of human organism against this material belong to general parts of this thesis. Regarding presumption of coordinated operation of single components of joint rescue service during solving emergency and during liquidation emergency conditions in the analysed operation, single components of joint rescue service and activity performed by these components are detailed in this thesis.The aim of the work is to propose an analysis method with the usage of a special software programme TerEx, hazard evaluation, solution of emergency conditions in Water Treatment Plant Plav by means of a special software programme Terex, when chlorine escapes out of the restricted space followed by human lives hazard, environmental hazard. This programme after entering parameters about the amount of chemical agents, weather and climatic conditions in the surrounding premises, serves to simulation of spread of a hazardous chemical substance into surroundings, which helps flexibly lay down a procedure of the components of joint rescue service during the action.
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Action of the integrated rescue system´s unit and activity of the crisis crew of the Trebon city with extended competency by the accident of the tank transported hydrofluoric acid.
ŘIMNÁČ, Jiří
Road transport of dangerous substances represents a risk of emergency situations in which the transported substances can get out of control. The transport of dangerous chemicals has always been actual problem. It has been regulated by international directives, which determine the rules for handling of dangerous chemicals. Emergency situations related to a cleanup of dangerous chemical spill require an action of the Integrated Emergency System. This joint action is regulated by legislation and special regulations. This thesis is aimed to the legislation concerning the transport of chemical substances. It provides information on the vehicle designation used for transport of dangerous chemicals, and the identification and features of these compounds. The thesis also characterizes current situation in the district of the town Třeboň. It also describes the Integrated Emergency System, its structure and activities in case of emergency event caused by dangerous chemicals. As an example, the thesis explains procedures for individual bodies of the Integrated Emergency System during the joint action after an accident of the vehicle transporting hydrofluoric acid.
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Transit of dangerous chemicals at district Znojmo
VALOUŠKOVÁ, Aneta
Bachelor thesis is concerned at dangerous chemicals transportation. Analysis legislation at this field, chemicals production placement at district Znojmo, further more is concerned at basic Integrated rescue system components capability for dangerous chemicals leak accidents solving.
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