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Různé formy dusíku a hořčíku ve výživě máku setého
Mička, Miloš
Target of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of various forms of nitrogen and magnesium on yield and entire economy of poppy growing using the semipilot plant experiment. Field trial was established on the plots belonging to Ing. Lipovská in the Hartmanice cadastre in 2010,2011 and 2012. The amount of nitrogen was set down to 100kg/ha. Its application was done using these variants: unfertilizied control, ammonium nitrate with dolomitic lime, calcium nitrate, Urea, Ammonium sulfate, Alzon 46, Urea stabil, DASAMAG and MAGNISUL. Alzon 46 and Urea stabil were applied just once before seeding, while amount of ammonium saltpetre with lime, Urea, DASAMAG and MAGNISUL were divided into two applications. One half was applied before seeding and the other at the phase of earth bound leaf rosette (BBCH 21-27). Calcium nitrate and Ammonium sulfate were applied in three dosages. First two were just same as the previous forms and the third dosage at the stage of stemming and bud flowering (BBCH41 - 49) We assesed the yield of poppy seeds and poppy heads and stems among various forms of fertilizers and within the different years. The results of a three-year experiment show positive effects of divided doses of nitrogen on seed yield of opium poppy. Fertilizers containing magnesium and sulfur also positively affected seed yield. Fertilizers with inhibitors applied once before sowing did not show any positive effect, again confirming the suitability of divided doses of nitrogen and supplemental nutritition with the other macronutrients, in our case, magnesium and sulfur. The experimental results confirm that achieving a maximum yield is not only a matter of one nutrient.
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Bilance dusíku v půdě ve víceletých polních experimentech
Prchalová, Renáta
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of various forms of fertilisers (mineral, organic, and their combinations) with graded rates of N (N0, N1, N2, N3) on yields of crops (peas, winter wheat, root and tuber crops, spring barley) and the N content in the staple product (HP) and by-product (VP); subsequently to assess the nitrogen balance (uptake and output) in the individual crops in 2009 -- 2012. Experiments involving 9 combinations of fertilisation were established in 1996 at 13 ÚKZÚZ (Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture) stations lying in different soil and climate conditions (potato growing region - BVO, sugar-beet growing region - RVO). Yields differed according to region and crop. As a general rule the yields increased with the rates of nitrogen (various rates for the respective crop). Fertiliser application increased potato yields (BVO) much more than yields of sugar-beet (ŘVO). The application of the fertiliser to potatoes increased the yields of subsequently grown spring barley, while after the application of organic fertiliser to sugar-beet the differences in barley yields were minimal. The contents of N in the staple product and by-product usually increased with the N rate; the N contents in grain and straw of both cereals were higher in the ŘVO than in BVO. The total and/or average annual N balance (uptake, output) in both regions was negative in 8 out of the 9 treatments (-- 2 to -- 62 kg N/ha and -- 6 to -- 86 kg N/ha in BVO and ŘVO, respectively). There is no doubt that the application of the fertiliser considerably improved the N balance, but a positive balance was achieved only in combination with the highest N rate in the mineral fertiliser. As the results show, it is necessary to select the adequate rate of N considering the uptake by the yields.
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