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Nepůvodní druhy ve fauně a flóře České republiky: vyhodnocení stavu‚ prognóza vývoje se zvláštním zřetelem na možná rizika dopadu dlouhodobých změn na biodiverzitu‚ výzkum a definování strategie managementu
Český svaz ochránců přírody, Praha ; Samek, Radko ; Mlíkovský, Jiří ; Stýblo, Petr
Cílem projektu je 1. Sjednotit relevantní českou terminologii používanou v jednotlivých biologických a dalších oborech, a to mezi sebou a s evropskou terminologií, 2. Sestavit přehled nepůvodních druhů, které se v současnosti vyskytují nebo v nedávné minulosti vyskytovaly na území České Republiky (dále jen "nepůvodní druhy"), 3. Pro vybrané nepůvodní druhy sestavit jejich profily, zejména s ohledem na to, jaký je jejich původ, kdy a jak se na území ČR dostaly jaký je charakter jejich výskytu v ČR (rozšíření, prostředí atd.), zda a jak ovlivňují místní druhy chápané jako původní a místní biotopy/ekosystémy, na prognózu jejich další existence v ČR a na návrh, zda a jak jejich další existenci v ČR ovlivnit legislativně a/nebo prakticky, 4. Sestavit přehled druhů, u nichž je předpoklad, že se na území ČR mohou za pomoci člověka dostat v dohledné době, a to zejména s ohledem na druhy, které by mohly negativně či pozitivně ovlivnit místní druhy a/nebo biotopy/ekosystémy, 5. Zmapovat příčiny a cesty vědomého i nevědomého dovozu nepůvodních druhů do ČR a zhodnotit jejich význam a 6. Celkově zhodnotit význam nepůvodních druhů z hlediska ochrany přírody ČR a navrhnout strategii přístupu k nim. Plánovanými výstupy jsou kniha na odborné úrovni, brožura na úrovni populárně-odborného textu a www stránka (http://www.ndff.cz/). Zpráva obsahuje části: úvodní informace, cíle a rozpis projektu, přehled základní terminologie, struktura fact-sheetu, vyplňování fact-sheetu, klasifikace a terminologie, tvorba map, zpracování souhrnných kapitol. Příklady obecných kapitol a jednotlivých fsh.
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The issue of woman´s pregnancy in higher age
KUNTOVÁ, Anna
My Bachelor thesis devotes to the issue of the pregnancy of women in older age. This topic is currently very topical and frequently discussed. This work is divided into the theoretical and the practical or rather the research part. In the theoretical part we defined the physiological pregnancy, the general problems of the pregnancy in an older age and family planning. In the next chapter, we have focused on the influencing of a woman's age on her experience with pregnancy or the fetus. According to many studies, there is the evidence that women over the age of 35 years are predisposed more to the pregnancy complications.The important issue is also the fertility decreasing prominently after the woman´s age of 30 years. The prenatal care, psyche and needs of women in old age are mentioned too.There were two purposes of my work. The first one was the effect of the age of woman on the course of her pregnancy. The second one was monitoring of the most frequent reasons for getting pregnant in an older age. Five research questions were chosen : How does older age affect the course of pregnancy? How do multigravidas women evaluate the pregnancy before the age of 35 and after that age? How do midwives educate pregnant women in older age, and how they assess them? How is the situation about the awareness of women about the risks of pregnancy in an older age? Why did women deside for the pregnancy in an older age?The research was based on the qualitative method with the help of personalized semistructured interviews. Interviews were conducted with ten women aged 35 years and over (they were divided into the five primiparous and five multiparous) and three midwives. The research was conducted at the practical gynecologists offices on the basis of their consent to research.The results of this study pointed to the issues of pregnancy above the age of 35 years. It was found and in some cases confirmed, that age can really have a negative effect on the pregnancy after the 35th year of the woman's life.The pregnancy hypertension, low overlying placenta or the danger of amniocentesis appeared at respondents. We cannot say every pregnant woman will suffer from complications.The high-risk pregancy of older age was proved in some cases, it is possible to say three out of ten respondents spent their pregnancy without problems. The reasons for decision of women to have a child in this age are the women´s partners. Sometimes woman married a new partner or she was waiting for suitable partner for a long time. Sometimes women simply want a baby and they do not think about their age. The other reason can be also career or hobbies of women or the unintended pregnancy.My bachelor thesis pointed to possibility of risk for pregnant women aged over 35 years. It should serve as an information source but not as a plan that women can expect if they get pregnant over 35 years age. Established reasons of women to become pregnant should show the present situation and the attitudes of women. The results are a reflection of our time, because the age for women pregnancy grow. It is good to know why this is happening. We can argue against the issue of the knowledge and the education of women. They should know the risk of pregnancy over 35 years in advance. Is the ignorance in this issue the positive factor? Every woman is a personality with a different understanding and a different psychological frame of mind. It is necessary to perceive a woman holistically and to think about her anamnesis.
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Results of one-sided endurance of a kinetic apparatus in volleyball players and possibilities of a therapy
CHALUPOVÁ, Andrea
The one-sided load of volleyball players leads to occurence of pathokinesiologic changes of the locomotive system. The objective of the bachelor thesis is to ascertain whether volleyball players suffer from locomotive system disorders due to the one-sided overload and whether it is possible to make up a uniform compensatory set of exercises as a therapy. The objective of the theoretical part is to ascertain what functional disorders of the body system occur in connection with the one-sided load of volleyball players, what muscular dysbalances accompany the disorders and what physiotherapeutic procedures can influence them. The objective of the practical part is to use the obtained theoretical findings as the basis for making-up a set of compensatory exercises as a proposed therapy applied within the scope of case reports. The practical part involved a qualitative research using the techniques of interviews and observation, and included two case reports of randomly selected professional volleyball players. Examination of the probands has confirmed the one-sided load of the locomotive system manifested in insufficiency of the deep stabilization system and functional disorders in the area of the shoulder joint. Focused on activation of the deep stabilization system and including shoulder-blade stabilization features, two individual therapeutic plans were made up and undertaken by both the probands in accordance with the charakter of the specific movement activity of volleyball players. The final examination has shown objective improvement of the function of the posture stabilization system of one of the men. Activation of the deep stabilization system with stabilization of the shoulder joint within the specific movement activities of volleyball players appears to be a suitable basis of the compensatory exercises preventing the one-sided load of the locomotive system. The therapy requires an individual approach. For further research in this area I propose measurement of the muscular actvity by means of electromyography and focusing on co-activation of stabilizers of the shoulder joint within the specific movement activity of volleyball players.
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English Pronunciation of Middle School Children
ŠIMŮNKOVÁ, Radka
The main content of my diploma thesis is Pronunciation of middle school children. The theoretical part deals with the aims of pronunciation teaching. This part concerns the question to what measure the pronunciation is important and whether it is possible to influence it by teaching process. Furthermore, I attended to pronunciation differences between English and Czech sounds and typical mistakes made by Czech pupils. The practical part searches and analyses mistakes in Engish pronunciation made by pupils who have just come to middle school by research scanning. Consequently I suggested several exercises to eliminate some of the ascertained mistakes. At the end, I also practically verified them in school practise and summed them up in my final reflection.
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The individual protection of citizens during the emergency event in the Břeclav region
JAKUBCOVÁ, Dominika
Individual protection of citizens during the emergency event in the Břeclav region In today´s society a permanent need of sophistication dominates. Common citizens try to acquire the most possible information on all sources available for them. Despite of that there is increasing the number of people, having a sufficient amount of information on the risks, endangering them, however, they do not realize the fact that they are able to prevent a lot of them. From the recent years´ experience I can see how the people´s knowledge in the personal protection sphere is still decreasing. As they are not aware of warning signals, they do not know how to act subsequently and this may have unforeseen subsequence for them. Today and every day the emergency events endanger us, whose course cannot be influenced by us in any way. Most of them appear suddenly, without a preceding warning. Unfortunately we live in the era, when we are threatened not only with the factors within our country, but here is still the actual threat of attack from somewhere else. In our own interest it would be to have the most possible extensive information and knowledge of events around us. Proverb ?To be ready not to be endangered? does not apply so completely, but it is certain that readiness is an important element to survive with minimum damages in property and life. In this thesis there will be summarized the emergency events, endangering us to the most and the related risks for citizens. From this starting point the entire work will proceed, which refers predominantly to individual risks and protection, which can be obtained by a man all by himself. By means of a questionnaire survey there will be ascertained the level of people´s knowledge in the sphere of events during the emergency actions and individual protection.
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Bubble Production Controlled by Needle Movement
Vejražka, Jiří ; Stanovský, Petr ; Zedníková, Mária
For the research of multiphase flows, it is often needed to produce bubbles of well-defined size. Examples of such a research are studies of bubble acoustic emission, bubble interactions with solid particles (e.g. in flotation process) or interactions between bubbles. To produce a well-defined bubble is, however, rather difficult, and it is even more difficult to vary the bubble size between different experimental runs. For this reason, we have produces an instrument ("bubble generator", which produces bubbles in a controlled manner, enableng to set indepedently the bubble size, bubbling frequency and total number of bubbles. The bubbling control is achieved by moving the needle, on which the bubbles are produced.
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Photocatalytic activity of titanium precursors treated in low temperature plasma
Brožek, Vlastimil ; Matějíček, Jiří ; Šrank, Z. ; Mastný, L. ; Janča, J.
In order to obtain compact photocatalytically active materials, the possibility of preparation of new titania forms by oxidation of titanium compounds, having different crystal structures and oxidation degree, was verified. Four model substances were chosen: titanium carbide, nitride, diboride and Ti2O3. These compounds were prepared in the form of high-specific-surface powder, as well as large-area compact free-standing parts by CVD, PVD and especially plasma spraying. After high temperature treatment in a water stabilized plasma, generated by the WSP torch, a measurable photoactivity was observed; this could be further improved by controlled oxidation below 450°C. Oxidation in an RF-generated oxygen plasma appeared more efficient, especially in shorter reaction times. However, the experiments have shown that even keeping the reactor walls at 450°C did not prevent the uncontrolled temperature rise inside, during the reaction of the oxygen plasma with titanium compounds.
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Analysis of selected indicators of milk production and fertility in the herd of Holstein cattle
KÁŠKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor work is focused on the analysis of the selected indicators in a flock of miliking the cattle, which can affect the levels of milk and reproductive performance. Monitoring the factors at the workplace of the exiled Agrospol Mladá Vožice a.s., which behaves like a Holstein and Simmental cattle. Since 2008, the company used převodné crossing of Czech pied cattle on Holstein cattle. In 2012, the number of cows in an average of 249 329 pieces in milk. For the analysis of selected indicators have been monitored 190 pieces of dairy cows, according to the genotype, the order of lactation and age at first calving. Sighted in a herd of dairy cows, in groups sorted according to the genotype of the best results of a reproduction H 99-88 and that the collection interval (78 days), service period (80 days) and the intervening period (365 days). The worst performers were from the genotype (H) 100. The collection interval was 77 days, a service period of 105 days, and in the meantime, 390 days. According to the order of lactation of dairy cows on the other were the best lactation (collection interval 78 days, a service period of 87 days and in the meantime, 374 days). The worst performers were dairy cows at the fifth and later lactation (collection interval 78 days, 114 days and the period of service in the meantime, 401 days). According to the age at first calving have Calved in the age of prvotelky 661-720 days for best results (77 days interval, collection service period 85 days and in the meantime, 370 days) and prvotelky Calved in the age of 721-780 days have the worst results (the collection interval 77 days, service period and the interim 100 380 days). Overall reproductive performance can be assessed as good. In all indicators of milk yield, would appear to be the best kříženky H 87-75 (12.016 kg milk fat, 3.65%, 3.35% protein). According to the order of lactation were the best results at the fourth lactation (11 772,34 kg milk, 3.55% fat and 3.29% protein). According to the age at first calving had the best performance under 660 days Calved prvotelky (11 018,46 kg milk, 3.48% fat and 3.21% protein). From the results of the abovementioned indicators it strongly suggest that the fertility indicators are at a very good level, even when their performance is over 10 000 kg of milk. The higher genetic potential of cows for milk production, the higher the demands on management of the herd. As a result, it is important to pay due attention to nutrition and health status of dairy cows high utility.
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Awareness of men aged 40 - 60 years is 2 diabetes mellitus type.
ČÍŽKOVÁ, Ivana
This Bachelor work focuses on men of an age group 40-60 and their awarness of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (further 2DM). The theoretical part is based on a professional level. A suitable selection of available literature dealing with this topic was used for this part. It characterises the disease (2DM), anatomy, classificiation, diagnosis, treatment and complications accompanying Diabetes Mellitus. Further on, the theoretical part specifies problems that may significantly influence a quality of life in case of an appearance of the disease. For that reason, preventive and educational programmes for the population are necessary : dangers of obesity, education of patients with DM, a role od physical activities and prevention of Diabetes Mellitus. The practical part is based on a questionnaire which was a source of information about the men of a designated age group and their awarness of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. A general conception of the theoretical part is based on creating the targets and hypotheses. In the following sub-chapters of the Bachelor work, the research files, metodology of research and organisation of the research are characterised.
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The influence of flat feet onto the posture of children at school age
ŤUPOVÁ, Jana
The bachelor thesis is describing problems of the impact of flat feet on school age children´s posture. The foot is the organ that allows contact with the terrain. In case it´s functional component is changed pathologically to some extent, it fails to work properly and can change the whole posture of particular individual in pathological way. Flat feet is a condition of foot when the arch of the foot flattened partly or completely. Arch of the foot enables us flexible treading contact and is defined with three support points: calcaneus and the heads of the first and the fifth metatarsals. They develop and change during one´s lifetime. The appearance of flat feet during the first two years of life is considered as a physiological condition. The appearance of the flat feet later in childhood is viewed as a deformity and needs more examinations and some therapy. Some studies showed that early treatment of flat feet can prevent later unwanted manifestations, and that is why flat feet in children should not be underestimated. Flat feet in children is the most often cause for the visit at a doctor. Children´s flat feet is the topic that needs to be very often consulted at any level of the health care. It is not completely clear, when the foot is still considered as physiologically flat without any pathological cause and when it is considered as pathological flat feet. The purpose of the thesis was to describe links between flat feet and posture. The foot is the key area for motor system and that is why its disorder or malfunction can become the cause and also the consequence of chain functional disorders. That is the reason why the foot area should not be disregarded. Another goal was to suggest exercise units and search out appropriate exercises concerning described problems. Exercise unit was designed individually for each participant according to one´s needs. The first exercise unit has been modified gradually according to participants´ skills to master the exercise. The modification was however essential to keep children´s attention up during the therapy. The thesis consists of the theoretical and practical sections. The practical section contains information about the foot from anatomical, neurological, and kinesiological view and its pathology that is affecting posture. The therapy lasted 10 weeks, children have been exercising from ten to fifteen minutes a day with supervision of parents who were instructed about the exercise, and twice a week individually, under my supervision, and also in parents´ present. The investigation was carried out using interview with parents and children, and also using kinesiological analysis. There was carried out entry and exit assessments in children´s group. They were used to determine proper therapy at the start and also for the conclusion from results at the end. For each participant was designed proper therapy according to one´s needs. The goal of physiotherapy was determined as well as recommended certain type of exercise and proper exercise activity for all children in long time horizon. Our findings showed that proper therapy in children with flat feet can positively influence whole posture. When the entry and exit examinations were compared, we found that there was found greater range of ankle joint motion, positive change in flat feet condition, better body control, the change of breathing mechanics, and also participants´ personal view of better self body control. I have chosen the topic to bring closer problems of flat feet affecting body control in children. The foot area is an integral part of our body. When the arches of foot flatten, position of whole lower limb in joints and complete body posture is negatively affected.
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