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Ethical Dilemma and Ethical Conflict in European Culture
MAŇUROVÁ, Petra
The diploma work deals with ethical dilemmas and conflicts in the European culture. It examines the disturbance of the human destiny in the paradigmatic characters of Antigone and Hamlet. On the basis of the two tragedies, the diploma work tries to reconstruct ethical teaching standing in the background of these two pieces of work. The diploma work is divided into four main chapters. In the first two chapters I concentrated, on the basis of professional literature, on the principal works Antigone and Hamlet. Then I handled the personality of the main characters, their contemplation of the problem, their thinking about how to make a decision and how they came to the way to solve their own situation. The third chapter deals with disturbance of human destiny. The fourth chapter is a synthesis of all the information which I gained while dealing with the topic of the diploma work.
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On the Role of Man in the World (Contemplations in the Late Works of Jan Patočka)
PIZINGER, David
Annotation This work is interested in the late philosophy of Jan Patočka. The leading idea is to find basic motives in Patočka{\crq}s concept of The care of soul, and tries to make a connection to his life and social context. One of the most important expressions of the social reality is art. Jan Patočka{\crq}s continuing theme was the problem of human exsitence. How to live an authentic life. The post modern art is also interested in being authentic. The man according to Patočka is a personality determined by going out of his self and by finding this self from a different point of view. That is the question for performing arts: How to express the inside to be visible, how to make it a partner of a dialogue? Which means that Jan Patočka{\crq}s philosophy can be realized by some special kind of praxis. A praxis which is not practical as such. In the works of Jan Patočka, Being and social role play a substantial role. The problem of narration {--} a myth as a part of the process of young man{\crq}s identification and his acceptance from the society. The question of how to be a part of a society implicates another one: what are the foundations of society? What is the idea of European society? Questions concerning the heritage of Europe are {--} in anticipation {--} questions about the sense of Europe (or the European Union) today. In general, is there a possibility to live together, in any kind of human comunity? Through society he gets back to individuality with its questions. Patočka tries to ask concrete questions, expecting answers from Being itself. What is important: he doesn{\crq}t want to make a comprehensive system (following the example of Platón), he only urgently seeks the questions which can open the Being's truth. The sources: This work uses Jan Patočka`s texts from the 1970s. It compares them with texts from the field of art and tries to find their historical context.
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