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Seeds germination at selected weed species
VAŇKOVÁ, Jana
Bachelor thesis is focused on basic informations and familiarization with problems of weeds and their general properties. Purpose of thesis is to determine the germination of selected weed species: Common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) Thlaspi arvense (Thlaspi arvense L.), Coltsfoot Medical (Tussilago farfara L.), Bedstraw (Galium aparine L.), Broad leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.). The result is to compare the effect of different temperature and light conditions for seed germination.
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Regulation of Weeds in Grown Hybrids of Maize
NAHODIL, Antonín
The degree work describes the biology and morphology of the weed plants, which are found in maize vegetation most frequently, as well as their spreading and possible regulation. Based on the findings acquired, the methods of chemical and mechanical regulation are described. The degree work describes briefly both the plant of maize itself and the process of its growing. The attempt took place on the school farm of the Agricultural School in Tábor; a small plot attempt was carried out at the same place. The frequency of the occurrence of weed species on the selected small plots was evaluated in the hybrids of maize (Zea mays). The degree work contains data on the extent of the occurrence of weeds on individual plots, on which the individual hybrids of maize were compared with one another. It also includes an economic evaluation and possible measures to eliminate the spreading of weeds.
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Biology, occurrence and regulation Apera spica-venti tufted crops grown.
ORNA, Vítězslav
Over the last decades the amount of weeds in our fields have noticeably decreased. The easily annihilated and susceptible species were almost eradicated by means of herbicides and agrotechnical operations. Their place was taken by more resistant species, which are a huge problem for the farmers. For this purpose I decided to make an experiment under the working circumstances. I observed the occurrence of the weeds in certain localities. Especially I concentrated on the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti), on its occurrence, regulation, extension and susceptibility or resistance to certain herbicides. The effect of the tested herbicide combinations was statistically significant for silky bent grass as well as for the other weeds (P 0.05). The coach grass was the only exception, where the effect of these preparations was not proved, as well as Vicia cracca, Lamium purpurem, Galium aparine, Geranium pusillum (P > 0.05). However the coach grass appeared among these inconclusively responsive weeds more frequently. (P >0.05). As the results of experiment showed, the most effective combinations for elimination of the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti) were Sumimax + Glean, Cugar Forte + Glean + Dural a Cugar Forte + Logran. All these combinations were proved to be 100% effective against the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti). The other combinations were not 100% effective. These comprised Rapsan + Command+ Grounded with 89 % effectivity, Sumimax + Logran 91 % effectivity a Butisan+ Clomate+ Grounded 67 % effectivity. The results show that the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti) is more susceptible to some herbicide combinations and in the fields it can be successfully reduced. On the contrary the silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti) is resilient to some other agents. From this point of view the right choice of the herbicides is crucial in next year.
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Biology, occurrence and control of weeds in crops
NOVOTNÝ, Václav
Weeds currently represent a constant risk to the crop plants. They are able to either suppress the development of a crop plant in the initial period of its growth or to hinder and even make the harvest impossible due to its stand density at the end of the vegetative phase before the harvest. Perennial weeds rank among very noxious weeds. They are highly resistant and able to adapt to the used control measures. The character of the crop plants itself and the applied agronomic practices determine the occurrence of different weed species. For this reason, the question of how to deal with weeds still remains crucial. The diploma thesis is focused on the occurrence and the harmful effects of selected weeds in two Maize hybrids (Zea mays). The incidence of weeds and the effect of herbicides on those weeds were monitored within an experiment conducted on a small plot of land. The following weed plants occurred: Couch-grass (Elytrigia repens L.), Creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense L.), Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.), Scentless mayweed (Tripleurospermum inodorum L.), Goosegrass (Galium aparine L.) etc. The aim of the thesis is to expand knowledge of the use of different weed control methods in Maize. Recommendations on the use of those methods in agriculture shall be suggested.
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Effect of tillage technology to control weeds in crops of winter oilseed rape
ŠÁMAL, Jiří
The aim of this thesis is to extend the knowledge about the use of modern machinery cultivator with minimum tillage and conventional tillage in agriculture. For this purpose you can use a wide range of agricultural machines from various manufacturers such as the Horsch, Lemken, Vaderstad and more. In this work evaluates the stubble Horsch Terrano 6FG and Vaderstad Carrier 820 with a focus on lumps size, incorporation of crop residues and maintain the set depth.
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The issue of dissemination and regulation methods of invasive weeds in the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation.
YATSKEVICH, Sergey
The subject matter of this paper was to deal with the issue of spreading and ocuurence of the weed which endanger our environment the most. The biology, occurence, spreading and also the regulation of these weeds were described in the paper. A few probable options were suggested for the area of Russian Federadion. (Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommer at Levier), (Kochia scoparia(L.), Schrader),( Abutilon Theophrasti Med.), (Reynoutria Japonka Houtt.), (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), ( Lactuca tatarka L.) etc. The main aim of the paper was to cover the issue of spreading of invasion weed in the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation with specialization on very dangerous species.
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Control of weeds on arable land in forests rape (Brassica spp.)
FILÍPEK, Pavel
The aim of this thesis is to expand knowledge about how to control very dangerous weeds occurring on arable land in forests grown rapeseed. When growing crops are placed great demands on the quality of both production and the economy growing. Modern technologies of cultivation and the production system measures its influence reached the amount of seeds and harvest quality. The possibility of using herbicides to control the occurrence of plant very dangerous weed species in stands grown at conventional oilseed farming is offered as one of the many and very effective control measures against the occurrence of monocot and dicotyledonous weeds.
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Biology and control of Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) on arable land
BENDÍK, Jiří
This work is focused on pigweed species-related issues, particularly those of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), including biology, occurrence, harmfulness, spreading and possibilities to regulate the plant, which, nowadays, ranks among very dangerous and constantly spreading weed species. I therefore monitored the frequency of occurrence of redroot pigweed and other weed species grown on experimental plots during the maize vegetation season, and the effectiveness of weed regulation efforts through three registered herbicides, namely Adengo, Milagro and Callisto 480 SC. All three herbicides were appreciably very effective on redroot pigweed and delivered results proved the necessity of applying herbicides to control weed populations in today?s agricultural practices. In this respect, it can indeed be noted that a long-term regulation must be based on principles of good agro-technology practices and combine effectively sowing procedures, chemical protection and other both direct and preventive procedures.
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The Issues of Spread of Slender Meadow Foxtail(Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) on Arable Land and the Methods of its Regulation.
JUSKO, Vladimír
This research paper focuses on One Year Slender Meadow Foxtail weed and options for its regulation. Slender Meadow Foxtail has become a significantly localized weed and it is necessary to stop it from spreading further. In certain locations the presence of One Year Slender Meadow Foxtail is very high; for example in Zitmunice in the district of Ceske Budejovice. This weed is to be found mainly in winter grain (cereal), rape (canola) growth, free growing spring grain (cereal), and also in clover growth. This paper describes the presence of One Year Slender Meadow Foxtail in spring barley and different methods of regulating its presence. Experiments with whether the amount of herbicide influences the regulation of weed growth have been carried out at selected locations.
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The occurrence of weed control methods in stands of grasses spring cereals
SLABÁ, Jiřina
This work focused on the problems of weed plants in spring cereals on plots of agricultural cooperative Čížová. The company is located in South Bohemia, 5 km from Písek. The evaluation of weed infestation was made by numerical method in period from spring 2011 to summer 2011. The issue of weed plants is one of the main negative factors affecting yield and grain quality. Number of weed plants, which at a given location occurred, was regularly observed and evaluated. The most commonly occurring weeds were Viola arvensis, which made up approximately 50 % of all the range of weeds which occurred in the explored land. Other significant weeds were Thlaspi arvense L. and Capsella bursa-pastoris L. We can suppose that Viola arvensis will be a problematic weed. The conclusions can be stated that long-term regulation against the occurrence of perennial weeds must be done carefully and must be based on complete protection which consists of direct and indirect methods of weed control products. Underestimating the occurrence of weeds in crops can cause serious problems.
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