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Individual differences in maternal behavior (maternal style) of mammals
Leszkowová, Iva ; Špinka, Marek (advisor) ; Polák, Jakub (referee)
The expression "maternal style" in the wider sense serves to describe the interspecies interindividual and intraindividual, variability in the maternal care. In the narrow sense it is used only to designate permanent variability in the maternal behaviour among different mothers of the same species. The concept of the maternal style is based on a well-documented fact, that individual parts of maternal behaviour correlate with one another and this mutual bond enables to describe the varied repertoire of the mothers' behaviour by a few dimensions, such as e.g. protectiveness, restrictive, rejection and laissez-faire. Maternal style of primates was described in a wide range (e.g. Berman, 1990; Fairbanks, 1996). Up to today the existence of maternal style has been confirmed also with some rodents (guinea-pig: Albers, 1999; mouse: Benus a Rondigs, 1996), domestic animals (pig: e.g. Špinka et al., 2000; sheep: Dwyer a Lawrence, 2010; goat: O'Brien, 1984) and predators (dog: Wilsson, 1984). KEYWORDS : Maternal style, Maternal behavior, Individual differences, Parent-offspring conflict, Protectiveness, Rejection
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The role of IL-17 in kidney transplantation
Menšíková, Markéta ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee) ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor)
The role of IL-17 in kidney transplantation - abstract Naive CD4+ T-lymphocytes (Thp) can develop into Th17 line in the presence of TGF- and IL-6. Th17 cells are characterized by expression of Ror- t and by production of interleukin-17 (IL-17). It is secreted as a glycoprotein homodimer. Binding to IL-17 receptor (IL-17R), which is present in all cell types, stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The ratio of Th17: Treg in the graft showing signs of rejection is higher than in the graft without rejection. The presence of IL-17 in a culture of proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) stimulates the production of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and C3 complement component. Simultaneous action of IL-17 and CD40L synergistically increases the production of IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES. Signaling from the receptor on the surface of PTEC associated with its increased expression is effected via the src kinase and MAP kinase, and probably leads to the transcription factor NF- B. In rat models of transplantation, the IL-17 appears in allografts on the second day after surgery, the level rises until the fifth day, then decreases and disappears before the death of the animal. IL-17 is not detectable in isografts and negative controls. It appears before the IFN- , which had been considered a trigger of...
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