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Epi-no (Aniball) balon as a preventiv of birth injuries.
VACKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor's thesis is focused on a prenatal preparation, specifically on how to prevent mother's injuries during childbirth after she used Epi-no (Aniball) during pregnancy. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is written in four chapters. The first chapter deals with all birth stages. The second chapter describes mother's birth injuries. The third chapter is focused on the episiotomy itself, and the fourth chapter discusses the prevention of mother´s birth injuries. The first goal of the thesis is to find out women's experiences with the use of Epi-no (Aniball) vaginal dilatation balloons. The second aim of the thesis is to find out the midwives' opinions on exercises with the Epi-no balloon (Aniball). Qualitative research is conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews with respondents. Two research groups are identified. The first research group consists of postpartum women from the South Bohemian Region who were using vaginal dilatation balloons (VDB) during pregnancy. In the second research group are midwives who have practical experience with VDB. Due to the verbal nature of the research, the collected data were transcribed into printed form. Then the data were processed and analysed using the pencil and paper technique. In order to maintain anonymity, the mothers were randomly labelled as informants R1 to R10. Midwives were randomly identified as informants PA1 to PA6. As part of the coding of interviews with women, 1 main category and 5 subcategories were defined. By coding interviews with midwives, 1 main category and 2 subcategories were defined. Based on the stated goals of the work, two research questions are determined for the practical part. The first research question investigates what experience women have with the use of the Epi-no balloon (Aniball) in the prevention of birth injuries. The research is leadingto the conclusion that some mothers didn't know whether they were performing the exercises with the VDB correctly. On the other hand, the exercise with the balloon helped them to figure out what position is most comfortable for them when pushing the baby out and how to engage the abdominals when pushing. It also gave them self-confidence during childbirth. The second research question asked for midwives' opinions about the use of the Epi-no (Aniball) balloon. The research reveals that all midwives recommend using VBD as it is beneficial for mothers before giving birth. Most midwives mentioned the psychological effect of using VDB. By believing that pregnant women are prepared for the birth, they are more calm and relaxed in the delivery room. Midwives also reported the effect of exercise on shortening the II. delivery stage, and in some cases, they observed reduction of number and extent of birth injuries as well. The knowledge gained during the preparation of the bachelor's thesis can effectively help in prenatal preparation courses and can increase awareness of pregnant women about possible preparation for childbirth.
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Childbirth in pre-hospital care
ZELINKOVÁ, Sára
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of childbirth in pre-hospital care. The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is dedicated to four main topics - individual periods of childbirth, evaluation of a newborn with APGAR score, selected complications during childbirth and its guidance. Under the umbrella term of childbirth in pre-hospital care belong making decisions about transport during imminent childbirth, guidance of the said condition in pre-hospital care and resuscitation of a newborn and a pregnant woman. Two goals were given for this bachelor thesis. The first goal was to find out how paramedics perceive the guidance of childbirth outside hospital facilities. The second goal was to research how paramedics are prepared for the guidance of the condition mentioned above. The empirical part of the bachelor thesis has been done by a qualitative research survey in the form of a semi-structured interview. The research file consisted of 12 paramedics from the South Bohemian Region and the Pilsen Region, who had already been present during a childbirth outside a hospital facility. The research was going on from January to March 2022 and the participation was completely voluntary. The acquired data was then analysed, coded and divided into categories and subcategories. In the research part two research questions were stated. The first question was supposed to find out how paramedics perceive the guidance of a childbirth in prehospital care. The research results showed that every questioned paramedic, except interviewed paramedics I5 and I6, is nervous when going to a prehospital childbirth. The nervosity is caused by the knowledge of possible complications. The second question was about the preparation of paramedics for childbirth guidance. The results of the research showed that there are big differences in the way, frequency and content of the medical training. Many paramedics would like to have a shorter interval between trainings and some would appreciate an opportunity to practice in the delivery rooms. From the research results it is clear that many paramedics do not agree with home deliveries because of many possible complications and risks. This bachelor thesis highlights the options of improvement of the education of paramedics and its realisation. The interviewed paramedics emphasised more frequent trainings of childbirth and participating in practices in delivery rooms. The results of this bachelor thesis could be presented in conferences and could be used to present the opinions of paramedics to their trainers and chief medical officers.
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The first treatment of a newborn after delivery in pre-hospital care
KOFROŇOVÁ, Erika
The bachelor's thesis discusses the treatment of a newborn after birth in pre-hospital care. In order to elaborate the bachelor's thesis, four objectives were defined. The first objective was to find out how paramedics prepare themselves for taking care of the newborn. The second objective was to record how they handle the situationS psychologically when it comes to the newborn care at fieldwork itself. Furthermore, the third objective ascertained the procedure of the newborn treatment by paramedics in pre-hospital care. Last but not least, the fourth objective was to explore the procedure of a premature newborn treatment. Four research questions were chosen for the research part of the thesis. The first research question dealt with how paramedics prepare themselves for taking care of newborns. The second research question carried out how stressful treating a newborn is for paramedics. The third research question examined the process of treating a newborn. The last research question discusses the treatment procedure in case of the premature newborn. This work highlights the importance of education and implementation of the defined procedure of the newborn treatment in pre-hospital care, as well as the implementation of the most essential interventions which leads to the correct adaptation of the newborn to the new environment. The bachelor's thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is divided into five main chapters. The first chapter deals with the legal definition of the emergency medical treatment services, pre-hospital emergency care and the profession of a paramedic itself. The competences of a paramedic as well as further educational possibilities are discussed here. In the second chapter, the issue of the childbirth is introduced alongside the labour process itself, its classification, and particular stages. It is complemented by the process of the childbirth and the treatment of the newborn in a health facility as well. The third chapter deals with the childbirth in pre-hospital care. The fourth chapter discusses the various complications that can arise during the birth. The last one describes the care of the pathological newborn and the process of a resuscitation. In the second part of the thesis a qualitative research was applied. The research sample consisted of 8 paramedics who had encountered a newborn after the birth at least once.
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The role of a midwife in supporting woman's partner during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
ČEJKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis dealt with the topic of the role of midwives in supporting a woman's partner during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. The thesis consists of two parts, namely the theoretical part and the research part. In the theoretical part there is information about pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium and related issues. Education, involvement of the woman's partner and his cooperation with the midwife are issues that this bachelor thesis deals with. In the research part of the bachelor thesis, a quantitative method was used for data collection. The data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of 48 questions, of which 25 were closed, 9 semi-closed and 14 open questions. In the introduction, there were sorting questions. Next, the questions were divided into three basic areas: pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. The questionnaire was directed for men whose wife already gave birth. The questionnaire was distributed online, via the social network Facebook and via a direct link and sent to men of an unlimited age category whose wife already gave birth. A total of 120 men participated in the research. The questionnaire was processed using Microsoft Excel. Answers were processed using graphic representation accompanied by a verbal description. In this work, we set 1 goal: To find out what is the role of the midwife in supporting the woman's partner during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. For the research part, 3 hypotheses were established. The first was to find out whether a partner who is educated by a midwife during pregnancy in a woman perceives this period more positively than a partner who is not educated about the period of pregnancy. Here, a dependence was not found between the partner's awareness of the course of pregnancy in a woman and a more positive perception of this period. The second hypothesis was to find out whether a partner who is educated by a midwife during the period of childbirth in a woman perceives this period more positively than a partner who is not educated about the period of childbirth. Hypothesis number two has been confirmed. The third hypothesis was to find out whether a partner who is educated by a midwife in the postpartum period in a woman perceives this period more positively than a partner who is not educated about the postpartum period. Hypothesis number three has also been confirmed.
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Birth Plan at Birth
HOUŠKOVÁ, Daniela
The bachelor thesis deals with the birth plan and its use during childbirth. It is divided into the theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is focuses on childbirth, birth periods, postpartum care, treatment of the newborn and caesarean section. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the birth plan, its writing and the various points that may occur in the birth plan. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis was carried out using a qualitative research investigation in the form of a semi-structured interview. The interview consisted of twelve questions. The interviews were conducted with eight women who used a birth plan during labor. For this bachelor thesis were set three main goals. The first goal was to find out the reasons for writing a birth plan by mothers. The informants wanted the birth to go according to their wishes. During the writing process, they sorted out what was important to them. Reasons for this included a negative experience from a previous birth. The second goal was to point out compliance with the birth plan at birth. The research investigation revealed that the birth plan is usually followed. Three of the eight informants indicated that not all points of the birth plan had been followed. Five of the eight informants said that their birth plan had been followed. The third goal was to determine changes in the birth plan during labor. During childbirth, the informants from the research surevy changed their attitude towards the repture of the bladder pouch and the intake of painkillers. Informants gave birth in a different position than they originally intended. Informants also changed their birth plan because of birth complications, namely that bonding could not take place or they were not allowed to move freely during labor.
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Historical view of the treatment of a new born child in the Czech Republic.
KRATINOVÁ, Lucie
This diploma thesis named " Historical view of the treatment of a new born child in the Czech Republic" is a purely theoretical work. The main aim of this thesis is to review and analyse opinions concerning childbirth care and the mother-child skin-to-skin contact by placing the baby to mother´s breast. The conception of this thesis is a historical analytical research into both the primary and secondary literary sources and the analysis of the content of the reviewed opinions, the focus aimed at the period from ancient times to the 21st century. In this thesis, not only the care of a new-born child and putting the baby to mother´s breast is described, but also other professions dealing with the relevant techniques and their practicing are mentioned. In ancient times, birth care was provided by experienced trusted women who passed their skills and knowledge on from generation to generation. At those past times the care at birth was closely linked to religion, rituals and magic. In the course of time, the midwife profession came into existence. Midwifes began to educate themselves by reading textbooks where they could find complex advice on how to proceed in certain situations and how to handle new-born child in contact with its mother coming into world in home environment Later on, women began to move birth from home to maternity hospital. Former midwifes became birth assistants and gynaecology nurses. The new-born care began to be shared between paediatric nurses and gynaecology nurses. As a consequence, mothers could see their child several hours, even several days after birth. The development and advancement of medical science consequently brought changed insight into the birth care techniques. In the second half of the 20th century there was an important change of the attitude towards child birth care focussed on the return to natural birth giving process also in maternity hospital, in order that the newborn could again be in direct contact with its mother from the first moment outside the womb. Based on this point of view, first the rooming-in system followed by the more sophisticated Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative method were developed and introduced. At the beginning of 21st century obstetrics reached a very high level. New-born babies receive immediate care adequate to their health condition.
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Influence of stress on women during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium
HAVLÍČKOVÁ, Karolína
The subject of interest of this bachelor thesis is the impact of stress factors to women's health during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. The first aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out what is the most common stress cause for women during upmentioned periods. The second aim was to explore the women's ability to cope with stress. This thesis is divided into two parts - teoretical and practical. The theoretical part provides information about pregnancy characteristics (its duration, symptoms, signs and changes in the female body and organs during pregnancy). In subchapters related to pregnancy is the attention paid to prenatal diagnosis and stress factors during graviditas. The theoretical part also includes information about childbirth and its detailed periods. The subchapters considering childbirth provide summary of preparations for a delivery and the stress sources during the act itselves. The theoretical part also deals with the information about puerperium. This part is devided into subchapters which také into account breastfeeding difficulties, newborn care, stress factors affecting women in the puerperium, and psychological changes of women during puerperium. The final passage of the theoretical chapter discusses the definition of stress. The description of midwife role is possible to be found in each subchapter. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis founds its basis on a qualitative research in the form of individual semi-structured interviews. The survey was held from February to April 2021 and the group of analysed specimens consisted of 11 women not earlier than two months after they gave birth. To make the research anonymous the women were marked Ž1 - Ž11. All the interviews were held at the women's household with their approval. The research was going on in a covid-19 epidemic era, therefore all the restrictions such as face mask wearing and two meter distancing must have been kept during the visits. All the dialogues have been recorded, literally rewritten and analysed with women's assent. All the reached data have been treated by open coding, "pencil and paper" method (Švaříček et al., 2014). As the main categories for purpose of data evaluation have been marked: Pregnancy stress, birth stress, post-partum stress and their appropriate subcategories. The topics mentioned in "Pregnancy stress" are Covid-19 pandemic, partner's support, maternity clinic attendance and antenatal course. Aspects affecting the birth itselves are maternity hospital staff behaviour and partner's presence in the delivery room. The last category includes themes of breastfeeding and newborn care. On basis of the first, previously discussed, goal of this bachelor thesis was established the question which considers what is the most common stress cause during pregnancy, birth and six weeks post-partum. The result of this research indicates, that the women are most often stressed out because of the current coronavirus pandemic situation and prenatal diagnosis. The women are also worried about miscarriage or preterm birth. As the reasons of stress during the delivery were indicated hospital staff bad behaviour or a fear of being lonely and experiencing the feelings without partners. The investigation on the last category displays that over the post-partum period the women are worried about breastfeeding difficulties and insufficient childcare skills.The second question of the research followed up in what ways the stress impacts the women. From the survey it is possible to ascertain that all the involved women, except Ž1 were not affected by the stress in a long-term run. The specimen "Ž1" stated that her postnatal feelings and stresses had made her to shut herself off from her surroundings.The results of this bachelor thesis could be possibly used for scholar seminar purposes as a source of information for midwives. The other possible usage for this document would be a provision of needed information for pregnant women.
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Knowledge of adolescent girls about pregnancy, childbirth and contraception.
KUNTEOVÁ, Pavlína
The bachelor's thesis entitled Knowledge of adolescent girls about pregnancy, childbirth, contraception, focuses on the level of awareness of adolescent girls about pregnancy, childbirth and contraception. The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis deals with the developmental stages of man from conception to old age. A special chapter is devoted to the period of adolescence and risky behavior of adolescents - at this stage of their lives, because the respondents are adolescent girls. Furthermore, the theoretical part contains the period of pregnancy, the stage of childbirth and types of contraception. Because it is very important for adolescent girls to receive information about contraception, pregnancy and childbirth, the last chapter mentions the importance of educating adolescent girls by midwives and their communication together. In the research survey, a quantitative method was chosen and data collection took place in the form of a non-standardized questionnaire, which was published on social networks. The questionnaire consisted of 28 questions, of which 19 were closed and 9 semi-closed. The data obtained by the research survey were processed and evaluated using a computer program Microsoft Excel. Graphs were created for each questionnaire, which shows the answers of adolescent girls. The research group consisted of 71 respondents aged 16 to 20 years. The aim of this work was to find out whether adolescent girls have knowledge about pregnancy, childbirth and contraception. Six hypotheses were established for the research part. The first hypothesis was to find out whether adolescent girls aged 18-20 have more information about pregnancy than girls aged 16-17. This hypothesis was refuted. The second hypothesis was: Adolescent girls aged 18-20 have more information about childbirth than girls aged 16-17. The sec- ond hypothesis was also refuted. Third hypothesis: Adolescent girls aged 18-20 have more information about contraception than girls aged 16-17. This hypothesis was con- firmed. Fourth hypothesis: Teenage girls in secondary medical schools have more knowledge about pregnancy than teenage girls in grammar schools and high schools with- out a high school diploma. The fourth hypothesis was confirmed in the research. The fifth hypothesis was to find out whether adolescent girls in secondary medical schools have more knowledge about childbirth than adolescent girls in high schools and high schools without a high school diploma. This hypothesis was refuted. The last, sixth hypothesis was: Teenage girls in secondary medical schools have more knowledge about contracep- tion than teenage girls in grammar schools and high schools without a high school di- ploma. This hypothesis was refuted.
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A midwife's personal experience with pregnancy and labor
JAREŠOVÁ, Natálie
A midwife's personal experience with pregnancy and labor Bachelor theses is focused on personal experience with pregnancy and labor of midwife. Defined in the theoretical part of the Bachelor theses is the profession of a midwife, her competencies and role in prenatal counselling and during labor. Subsequently, the theoretical part contains the characteristics of pregnancy and physical and mental changes that are closely related to pregnancy. Last but not least, the theoretical section describes childbirth and all periods of childbirth. For Bachelor theses there were two goals, the first goal was to identify if professes of midwife affect their own pregnancy and labor experience. The second goal was to identify if their own pregnancy and labor experience affects a midwifes approach to pregnant women and women after childbirth. Based on set goals, the research questions were created. The first research question focused on how the midwifes profession affected the experience of her own pregnancy and labor. The second question examined how the midwife's own pregnancy and labor affect her approach to providing care to a women within her competencies. To obtain the results of a qualitative research survey, two research sets were created. The first research group consisted of midwives who practiced the profession of a midwife in primary care and had been pregnant and gave birth at least once. For the second research group, which consisted of midwives, the criterion of performing the profession of midwife in the delivery room was determined, as well as at least one experienced pregnancy and childbirth. The survey itself took the form of individual semi-structured interviews, which took place during a personal meeting in the period from March to May 2021. Before the start, all informants gave their approval to the interviews and their recording to the mobile phone and also their data processing. The obtained data was analyzed and the main categories and subcategories were created based on the results. After evaluating the data with midwives working in primary care, 3 main categories were set (Perception of own pregnancy, Prenatal counseling, Return to work) and 6 subcategories (Own experience with pregnancy, Influence of own pregnancy on the profession of midwife, Prenatal preparation, Course of care in prenatal counseling, Access of medical staff, Changes in the care of pregnant women). After evaluating the data with the midwives who worked in the delivery room, 3 main categories were set (Perception of own childbirth, Provision of health care, Return to work) and 5 subcategories (Course of own childbirth, Experience of own childbirth, Place of childbirth, Access of medical staff, Changes in the care of women in labor). The first research question was devoted to how the profession of midwife influenced their pregnancy and labor. The research found that midwives during own pregnancy were influenced by their profession mainly in the perception of care for themselves in the prenatal counseling and in the perception of the approach of medical staff for themselves. The second research question dealt with the influence of their own pregnancy and labor on the approach to pregnant women and childbirth after returning to work within their competencies. It was found that after returning to work, midwives were affected by their pregnancy and thus perceived certain changes in the approach to pregnant women. The experience of giving birth also had an effect on the performance of their profession after returning to work.
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Epidural analgesia during childbirth
MAŘÍKOVÁ, Tereza
This thesis focuses on the topic of epidural analgesia during childbirth. The work consists of two main parts-theoretical and practical. The theoretical section first and foremost defines the concept of childbirth and describes all birth times. Last but not least, it is also dedicated to the role of midwife in childbirth. Another topic is obstetric pain, which is followed by the theme of pharmacological methods to labor pain relief. The issue of epidural analgesia is described in detail and divided into additional subchapters. These are devoted to the description of the procedure for administering epidural analgesia in childbirth, it's indications and contraindications, the advantages and disadvantages, the complications of epidural analgesia in childbirth and, last but not least, the role of the midwife in the care of the woman with epidural analgesia. The theoretical section concludes with a chapter on non-pharmacological methods of controlling birth pain. The first objective of the work was to determine whether women use epidural analgesia during childbirth. The second goal was to map women's satisfaction with the effects of epidural analgesia in childbirth. The third and final goal was to see if women worked better with midwives after receiving epidural analgesia. Three hypotheses have been set for the objectives. H1: First-time mothers are more likely to use epidural analgesia than multi-parents. H2: Younger women (under 30) are more satisfied with the effects of epidural analgesia in childbirth than older women (over 30). H3: Women with epidural analgesia at birth cooperate better with midwives than women without epidural analgesia. The objectives were achieved by a quantitative research investigation in the form of own design questionnaires, which consisted of both open and closed questions. The assessment of the questionnaires was carried out using a statistical chi-square test which determined the significance or insignificance of the results. The first research set consisted of 205 women active on the Facebook social network. Of the total number of respondents, women in the 26-30 age range had the highest representation. The second research set included 102 midwives working in the delivery room. Midwives in the 20 to 30 age range had the highest representation of total respondents. The research investigation revealed that more than half of the respondents had used epidural analgesia during childbirth. However, only a third of women are certain that they would also use epidural analgesia for their next birth. The other two-thirds of women do not know whether they would use the epidural analgesia method or are certain that they do not want epidural analgesia in their next childbirth. We also wanted to find out whether younger women (under 30) are more satisfied with the effects of epidural analgesia in childbirth than older women (over 30). This hypothesis has not been confirmed. This was due to the low representation of the group of women over 30. We also wanted to find out whether first-time mothers use epidural analgesia more often than multi-time mothers. The result of the research showed that the largest representation of our female respondents who took advantage of epidural analgesia was just 7 % more first-time mothers. However, the difference is not statistically significant. We also wondered if women with epidural analgesia at birth cooperate better with midwives than women without epidural analgesia. According to the research investigation, the vast majority of midwives think that women with epidural analgesia cooperate better during childbirth than women without epidural analgesia.
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