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Geometric morphometrics of shape and symmetry of flower structures - ecological and evolutionary significance
Rubešová, Veronika ; Neustupa, Jiří (advisor) ; Woodard, Kateřina (referee)
I did a research of relevant literature on geometric morphometrics, its usage for a study of floral symmetry, and ecological and evolutionary significance of floral symmetry in general. Description and application of morphometric methods is included in the first part of the thesis. Then, the main types of floral symmetries are described and illustrated. Morphometric studies on several model floral lineages are discussed in subsequent parts of this bachelor thesis. Many of the studies are made on some species of family Brassicaceae. Modern morphometric methods and perspectives of their application in floral research are presented in the last chapter.
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Ecology of the pathosystem of anther smut on Dianthus carthusianorum
Koupilová, Klára ; Koubek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Dostál, Petr (referee)
Anther smuts (Microbotryum violaceum s.l.) represent a well-known system for studying pathogens of wild plants and coevolution between pathogens and hosts. Infected plants produce sterile flowers with anthers filled with fungal spores which are transmitted to other host plants by pollinators. Data from existing research come mainly from the genus Silene. However, the applicability of these findings to other host plants of anther smuts is largely unknown. Therefore, this thesis focuses on a different host species - Dianthus carthusianorum. First, the pattern of disease was surveyed in natural populations of D. carthusianorum in a small area in Střední Povltaví. Most populations were infected to various degrees and only a few populations remained completely healthy. The prevalence of disease was positively correlated with size and density of host populations. On the other hand, environmental factors and the degree of connectedness had very little effect on disease prevalence. Second, additional data were collected from a subset of populations to determine plant resistance and densities of pollinators. Differences in resistance among populations (as inferred from flower inoculations) were not significant. Populations differed in densities of pollinators, but there was no correlation between densities...
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Ecology of flower smuts (Microbotryum) and their hosts from family Caryophyllaceae
Koupilová, Klára ; Koubek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Marková, Jaroslava (referee)
Anther-smut fungus (Microbotryum spp.) infecting plants of the Caryophyllaceae represents one of the most extensively studied plant pathogen systems. Anther-smut is a pollinator-borne disease that turns infected plants completely sterile. The aim of this thesis is to sum up the main findings about ecology and epidemiology of anther-smut disease and it mainly deals with various factors that influence disease spread and occurrence in nature. According to existing research, abiotic factors play minor role compared to biotic factors and interactions. Among the most pronounced, we can find variability in pathogen virulence and host resistance and also vector behaviour. When studying epidemiology of Microbotryum spp., it is necessary to take account of spatial population structure and metapopulation dynamics as well. Comparing life histories of different host species can also bring useful information. Key words: anther-smut, Microbotryum, Caryophyllaceae, pollinators, resistance, epidemiology, metapopulation dynamics.
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Meaning and contemporary situation in beekeeping
TUPÁ, Kateřina
This thesis is concerned by importance and current situation in breeding of bees. At first, thesis briefly describes characteristics of Honeybee (Apis mellifera) and its life cycle. At second, thesis summarizes information about ambitiousness of human work dedicated to breeding of a bee and manipulation with hive, which protective equipment is needed. At third, thesis points out the problematic caused by adverse effects like pests, diseases or mankind. Last but not least thesis deals with quality and production of bee products and current situation of beekeeping in the Czech Republic. Beekeeping is one of the oldest branches of human activity and in peoples' free time its importance is not small. Moreover, beekeeping has very important position in agriculture as a source for pollination of insect-pollinated and cross-pollinated plants, where it helps to increase the yields. Next, it has great importance in the branch of foods, mostly thanks to the production of honey. All of the bee products are highly prized in the pharmaceutical, healthcare and glass industry, where they are parts of nourishing and moisturizing preparations, medicaments and firming cements. Quality of hives is given by the experience of beekeeper and the possibility of financial support by grants assigned by Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic. The objective of the thesis is to point out the importance of Honeybee in our landscape and to highlight the significance and quality of bee products. The researches show that the beekeeping is ib the Czech Republic on very high level, but there is lack of beekeepers.
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