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The structure and role of type III secretion system and other virulence factors in pathogenesis of pertussis
Štipl, Daniel ; Večerek, Branislav (advisor) ; Pinkas, Dominik (referee)
Bordetella pertussis is a significant human pathogen which colonises a respiratory tract. The infection with B. pertussis results in serious and highly contagious disease called pertussis or whooping cough. B. pertussis produces wide range of virulence factors such as pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, dermonecrotic toxin, tracheal cytotoxin, adhesins and type III secretion system (T3SS). The BvgAS is two-component signal transduction system that provides the complex regulation of B. pertussis virulence. The virulence factor T3SS is used by some Gram-negative bacteria to colonise the host and is responsible for pathogenesis of the infection. T3SS takes a role in virulence of mammalian pathogen B. bronchiseptica, closely related to B. pertussis. The importance of T3SS in virulence of B. pertussis remains to be investigated. Significant advance in structure, function and regulation of the most of virulence factors have been accomplished in last few decades. The causative agents of pathogenesis in that infection remain unknown. Key words: Bordetella, T3SS, gene expresssion regulation, virulence factor, pathogenesis
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Mucosal immunity in upper respiratory tract diseases and autoimmunity diseases
Fundová, Petra ; Tlaskalová - Hogenová, Helena (advisor) ; Prokešová, Ludmila (referee) ; Bártová, Jiřina (referee)
Mucosal immune system comprises not only the major compartment of the immune system but also important interface with the outer environment. It is responsible in maintaining an intricate balance with the danger and non-danger stimuli of the outer world by employing specific anatomical features and unique functional mechanisms. Mucosal immune system has been long understudied, perhaps due to the limited accessibility, and its biological importance is thus still underevaluated. However, it has become evident that it is important to study mucosal immune system not only in local mucosal affections but also when uncovering pathogenic mechanisms and novel prevention strategies of organ specific autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Thus, the first, more clinically oriented part of this thesis is focused on mucosal immune system of the upper respiratory tract in disease conditions - in nasal polyposis (NP). Because there is a substantial accumulation of eosinophils and neutrophils in the most frequent type of NP, we investigated and described increased expression of chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR3 in NP versus nasal mucosa. Both innate immune mechanisms as well as homeostasis of epithelial cells may participate in NP. We have documented increased numbers of iNOS-positive and insulin-like growth...
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The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis
Marková, Lenka ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor) ; Verner, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis is focused on the existing data referring to role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of several important diseases. It introduces mitochondrial proteins, their role and metabolism, dysfunction of which is behind pathogenetic processes. The thesis also summarizes possible mitochondrial damage, its progress and consequences, which can lead to diseases or aggravate their process. It also pays attention to the role of mitochondria during oncogenesis as well as important neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or autosomal dominant optic atrophy. The thesis mentions the role of disrupted mitochondrial dynamics in type 2 Diabetes. In conclusion the thesis mentions the role of mitochondria and their damage in relation to infection by the parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi.
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The use of physiotherapeutic means in some types of tinnitus
Housová, Barbora ; Procházka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Smékal, David (referee)
This thesis is an update of the bachelor work entitled "The application of physiotherapeutic tools for some tinnitus types". The original work was complemented with the latest findings in pathogenesis field and in therapy by physiotherapeutic tool. The fundamental of this diploma thesis is a study examining the quality of patients' lives with tinnitus. The study was based upon a research using a modified questionnaire Tinnitus Handicap Inventory by Newman's et. al. (1999). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Escherichia coli
HUBKOVÁ, Petra
Escherichia coli is one of the most important representatives of intestinal microflora. It contributes to the proper course of digestive processes in the gut, creating a beneficial cooperation between microorganism and macroorganism. But some strains may be pathogenic. The scope of my thesis is to get deeply acquainted with the E. coli bacteria, beginning with characteristics, pathogenicity and pathogenesis, laboratory diagnostics and ending with the clinical picture of the disease and therapy. From an epidemiological perspective, pathogenic E. coli appears rather sporadically, but in developing countries can grow up into endemics, especially because of the lack of hygiene. Described are reservoirs, transmission routes and the most famous cases of E. coli occurrence. In the practical part, I focus on the incidence of E. coli in preterm infants, newborns and children up to 3 years old, which are examined with a diarrheal disease diagnosis. During the period from January 2015 to December 2015, 1518 stools from children aged 0 3 years were examined, whereas 25 stools were positive for dyspeptic strains of E. coli, which is the originator of diarrhea. Different non-pathological and pathological flora was proven in 725 stools and non-dyspeptic strain of E. coli was ascertained in 768 stools, which is not the originator of diarrhea. All 1518 stools were examined using classical methods of identification, such as cultivation and biochemical tests (ENTEROtest, a wide range of sugars). To determine the specific serotype (O antigen) of E. coli, serotyping (antigenic analysis of strain) was performed on examined bacterial strain using slide agglutination method. On the basis of proven E. coli serotype, results were statistically analyzed and evaluated in order to determine the strain of E. coli.
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