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Example determination of departure from nucleate boiling ratio
Křeček, Tomáš ; Števanka, Kamil (referee) ; Foral, Štěpán (advisor)
This Master's thesis deals with the issue of departure from nucleate boiling in the APR1400 nuclear reactor. First, reactor design is described, particularly the reactor core and fuel assemblies. Then the thesis focuses on explaining the issue of boiling crisis in nuclear reactors. The main objective of the thesis is to create and validate a model of the reactor core of the APR1400 reactor using the subchannel program ALTHAMC12. The created model is validated by comparasion with a reference study, and finally, the thesis addresses a sample calculation of the departure from nucleate boiling ratio using data provided by TES s.r.o. company.
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Emergency and current exposure situation in residential areas of Fukushima prefecture - aspects of communication of low dose risks
ŠÁROVÁ, Romana
The diploma thesis examines the post-accident and current exposure situations in residential areas of the Fukushima prefecture and discusses certain aspects on communication concerning the risks of low doses. The evaluation was based on research and collection of information and data from printed and electronic resources. The results show the sequence of steps carried out by the Fukushima prefecture and IAEA and the degree to which they were successful. The aim of the diploma thesis is to offer a clear comparison of the monitoring of the post-accident situation in specific areas of the Fukushima prefecture and the situation achieved after a comprehensive decontamination and remediation of the environment. We compared the measured values of the current radiation situation at the Fukushima prefecture with values in the Czech Republic, available thanks to the MONRAS application. The thesis also examines how the authorities communicated with the people of Fukushima before the evacuation and in the period after the evacuation when the habitable part was decontaminated and the government sought (and still seeks) to return people to these areas. I also explored the approach to the optimisation of radiation protection in Fukushima, how this principle can be interpreted in the Czech Republic and how to contribute to sufficient awareness of the population in terms of a general understanding of the limits and optimisation of radiation protection in case of a nuclear accident. For this purpose, an informational brochure was created using the Canva Pro online tool. This brochure represents the practical output of the diploma thesis. The decontamination efforts can be considered successful, given that the measured content of caesium in the environment has been radically lowered; one negative consequence was the creation of a large amount of radioactive waste. The air dose rate is comparable to general global background radiation. The residents therefore don't need to be afraid to return to their homes.
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Safety problems of modern nuclear reactors
Kukla, Jaroslav ; Přibil, Rudolf (advisor) ; Matějíček, Luboš (referee)
Jaroslav Kukla Otázky bezpe nosti moderních jaderných reaktor Bakalá ská práce Abstract: This study is concerned with safety factors of nuclear reactors. It summarizes history of nuclear reactors development and analyses causes of some serious accidents, which occurred in the past. It describes physical characteristics of radioactive radiation and mentions a basic survey of quantities and units. Then it describes the influence of radioactive emission on man and other living organisms. It also defines some reactor components and focuses on general security principles, which are further developed. It shortly explains the methods of evaluation of safety factors of nuclear reactors and a role of nuclear supervision. It puts nuclear reactors into several generations and every type of reactor is described as for technical and safety aspects, respectively. It refers to contemporary trends in development of nuclear reactors and in development of their safety.
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Environmental Impact Assessment of the Atomic Power Station Jaslovské Bohunice
Ušáková, Diana ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Přibil, Rudolf (referee)
The impacts of nuclear power are now very important component of the impact assessment of the energy industry on the environment. The first nuclear power plant, which was built in the former Czechoslovakia is nuclear power plant called Jaslovské Bohunice, which is located in the western part of the Slovak Republic. Environmental load, but compared with thermal power plants is much lower, since the nuclear power plant produces smaller amounts of emissions and greenhouse gases such as thermal power plant. The concentration of radioactive substances in the ambient atmosphere and hydrosphere is much lower than permissible limits. Dispersion of harmful radioactive substances, however, implemented a broad area. Bohunice nuclear power plant is equipped with a special system for processing radioactive waste and the management of it, which is a major advantage in the use of these technologies. The survey population around Jaslovské Bohunice concerned people of various ages who were mostly university education. The public, which the operation of a nuclear power plant directly relates to the earlier welcomed the development of nuclear energy in Slovak as the forced outage. The questionnaire revealed that much of the population does not have the necessary data regarding the management of radioactive waste. The...
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Environmental Impact Assessment of the Atomic Power Station Jaslovské Bohunice
Ušáková, Diana ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Přibil, Rudolf (referee)
The impacts of nuclear power are now very important component of the impact assessment of the energy industry on the environment. The first nuclear power plant, which was built in the former Czechoslovakia is nuclear power plant called Jaslovské Bohunice, which is located in the western part of the Slovak Republic. Environmental load, but compared with thermal power plants is much lower, since the nuclear power plant produces smaller amounts of emissions and greenhouse gases such as thermal power plant. The concentration of radioactive substances in the ambient atmosphere and hydrosphere is much lower than permissible limits. Dispersion of harmful radioactive substances, however, implemented a broad area. Bohunice nuclear power plant is equipped with a special system for processing radioactive waste and the management of it, which is a major advantage in the use of these technologies. The survey population around Jaslovské Bohunice concerned people of various ages who were mostly university education. The public, which the operation of a nuclear power plant directly relates to the earlier welcomed the development of nuclear energy in Slovak as the forced outage. The questionnaire revealed that much of the population does not have the necessary data regarding the management of radioactive waste. The...
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Research and Development of Generation IV. reactors with an Emphasis on Molten Salt Reactors
Slančík, Tomáš ; Novotný, Filip (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
The bachelor thesis reviews the particular generations of nuclear reactors from the first prototypes to nowadays advanced reactors. It also provides an overview of projects supporting development of IV. generation of nuclear reactors. The main part describes the selected reactors of generation IV by the Generation IV International Forum, focusing on molten salt reactors. The last chapter is devoted to a practical part of bachelor thesis focused on simulated calculation of neutron flux in various salts using MCNP program.
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Safety problems of modern nuclear reactors
Kukla, Jaroslav ; Matějíček, Luboš (referee) ; Přibil, Rudolf (advisor)
Jaroslav Kukla Otázky bezpe nosti moderních jaderných reaktor Bakalá ská práce Abstract: This study is concerned with safety factors of nuclear reactors. It summarizes history of nuclear reactors development and analyses causes of some serious accidents, which occurred in the past. It describes physical characteristics of radioactive radiation and mentions a basic survey of quantities and units. Then it describes the influence of radioactive emission on man and other living organisms. It also defines some reactor components and focuses on general security principles, which are further developed. It shortly explains the methods of evaluation of safety factors of nuclear reactors and a role of nuclear supervision. It puts nuclear reactors into several generations and every type of reactor is described as for technical and safety aspects, respectively. It refers to contemporary trends in development of nuclear reactors and in development of their safety.
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History of serious accidents at nuclear facilities
DRAŽANOVÁ, Kristýna
The bachelor thesis maps all the accidents assessed by the INES scale level 5 and above. It is not only concerning events at nuclear power plants, but also at nuclear weapons production facilities, whose construction preceded the development of the nuclear power plants in several countries. An attention is paid also to the unfortunate event, which was originated as a result of unauthorized manipulation with a part of the radiotherapy device containing radioactive isotopes of caesium 137Cs. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis explains the general concepts, such as radioactivity and ionizing radiation. It distinguishes the types and sources of ionizing radiations and describes its impact on human body. Next, it deals with the concept of nuclear safety, determined supervising authorities and its governing legislation. It also contains a description of the INES scale, which is an international scale used to assess nuclear incidents and accidents. The practical part of this thesis provides an overview of the accidents with a detailed description of their development, the circumstances that led to them and the consequences left behind. The development of the individual accidents is subsequently analysed with a view to discover the underlying causes, and finally compared in order to find possible identical features or similarities. The present thesis was intended to examine the following research question: Is human failure the most frequent cause of nuclear plant accidents?
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Nuclear Fuel Margins Increasing at Nuclear Power Plant Dukovany
Vrábel, Radek ; ČEZ,, Ondřej Zlámal, (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis deals with power uprates and the extension of the nuclear fuel cycle at Czech nuclear power plants. The beginning of this thesis aims at improving the reader’s knowledge about nuclear reactors and nuclear fuel cycle. A whole chapter is dedicated to the development of nuclear fuel cycle at the nuclear power plant Dukovany. The progress in the field of nuclear fuels complements the development of the nuclear fuel cycle, thus providing visible benefits.
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Advanced nuclear reactors’ promising fuels
Kadlec, Miroslav ; Varmuža, Jan (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the development of nuclear reactors and the fuel burned them. Thesis describes the various types of nuclear fuel, including the ways they are treated either before or after use in a nuclear power plant. Also included is a description of the situation of nuclear power plants in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. In conclusion focuses on the state of some upcoming projects of the future.
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